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What does it mean to be community acquired?

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What does it mean to be community acquired?

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This simply means the pneumonia was acquired in the community rather than the hospital setting.

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Pathogen is usually inhaled or aspirated, adheres to the epithelial of lung and begins the inflammatory process. Inflammatory process results in over stimulation of goblet cells and causes and excessive production of mucus. Mucus and exudate causes edema in the blood-air barrier of the lungs, the alveolar-capillary interface. The edema prevents the alveoli, the functional unit of the lung, to preform adequate gas exchange.   (Capriotti, 2020)

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There are two types of community acquired pneumonia.

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There are two types of community acquired pneumonia.

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-Typical: Pathogens include Streptococcus pneumoniae (most common), Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenza, and Staphylococcus aureus (Regunath, 2020).

-Atypical: Not common and requires additional testing to diagnose, usually presents as a persistent mild case. Pathogens include Legionella, Mycoplasm, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Chlamydia psittaci (Regunath, 2020).

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-Shortness of breathe
-Cough, may or may not be productive.
-Fever and chills
-Pleuritic pain (painful breathing, chest pain, and pain from coughing)
-Lethargy
-Contact with the recently ill, exposure to pollutants, or co-morbid conditions
Note: Patient may report with mild or other less common symptoms. (Capriotti, 2020).

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-Low pulse oximetry.
-Use of accessory muscles to breathe
-Increases respiratory rate
-Signs of cyanosis
-Elevated heart rate

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-Crackles in lungs, caused by the alveoli struggling to open against edema  (Capriotti, 2020).

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Diagnosis of pneumonia is dependent on x-ray.

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To determine if the pneumonia is viral or bacterial, a CBC with differential is analyzed.
If atypical pneumonia is suspected additional testing may be needed such as urine antibody screenings and sputum studies.

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To treat pneumonia the organism responsible must be identified and treated with the appropriate medications. Usually antibiotics are used for treatment, however, antivirals, antifungals, and steroids can be used if appropriate.

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The patient will need to be monitored for adequate oxygenation and may need supplemental oxygen or intubation. Fowler's position to prevent aspiration and improve breathing. Intravenous fluids may also be needed.

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Capriotti, T. (2020). In Davis advantage for pathophysiology: introductory concepts and clinical perspectives (pp. 484-485). essay, F.A. Davis.
Regunath, H. (2020, August 10). Community-Acquired Pneumonia. StatPearls [Internet]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430749/.

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Vaccines should be given to all individuals, unless contraindicated, over the age of 65 or with chronic diseases. There are currently two pneumonia vaccines approved by the CDC, pneumovax 13 and Prevnar 23, both are proven to be highly effective.

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https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/pneumo/public/index.html#:~:text=Prevnar%2013%C2%AE%20%3A%20Doctors%20give,infections%20in%20children%20and%20adults.