# data[].attributes.body
Watch the video describing what is beyond Earth into the unknown.

Click on the links; read the article or watch the video

https://youtu.be/-9WjtRRiov0

https://youtu.be/eW4eaKbq6io

https://youtu.be/ic9_mxsmD_o

Answer the following questions:

a.    What do you call the boundary between the inner planets and the outer planets just beyond the asteroid belt?

b.    Why is Jupiter likened to a “protective older sibling” to the earth?

c.     What term is used to describe Jupiter (largest planet) and Saturn (second largest planet)?  What term is used to describe Uranus and Neptune?

d.    According to the video, what would have happened to the solar system had Saturn reached the same size as Jupiter and why is this fortunate for us?

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Scientists use the Hubble Space Telescope and other instruments on earth and in the orbiting International Space Station to study distant star systems.

A nebula is a huge cloud of space dust. Immanuel Kant, a philosopher, first put forth the nebular theory about the origin of our solar system.

Click on the link; read the article or watch the video

https://youtu.be/ZDXhn1fmeGg

Answer the ff. questions:

a.    According to the video, what insights do scientists get about our own solar system when they study distant star systems?

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Ever since the earliest men had looked up at the nigh time sky, they have often asked:  What are those sparkling lights?  What is the connection between us and them?

Click on the link; read the article or watch the video

https://youtu.be/uzn9SJsn_uw

Answer the ff. questions:

a.    Based on what the characters had said, how do we perceive what the stars are?

b.    Which character gave the most accurate description of what the stars are?

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Watch the video describing the characteristics of the four inner planets:  Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars.

Click on the link; read the article or watch the video

https://youtu.be/SeCW-RVqOjU

Answer the questions:

a.    Mercury and Venus are names of Gods in Roman mythology.  Their counterparts in Greek mythology are Hermes and Aphrodite respectively.  It is from their names – Hermes (male) + Aphrodite (female) – that we derive the term used in describing an organism which contains both the male and female reproductive organs.  What is this organism called?

b.    According to the video, what is the nickname given to the Earth that is derived from a famous children’s fairy tale?  Explain briefly why this is so.

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The moon rotates about around its axis in the same time as it takes to make one revolution around the earth.  That is why the same side of the moon always faces us.

Everyone of us is like the moon; we all have our bright side and our dark side.

Watch the video describing the birth of our moon.

Click on the link; read the article or watch the video

https://youtu.be/hSXJAaDhQis

Answer the question:

a.    What is the most accepted theory about how the moon was formed?  Explain briefly.

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Kindly work on the tasks assigned to your class number. 

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Kindly work on the tasks assigned to your class number. 

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CN 1-14: TASKS 1-3
CN 15-28: TASKS 4-6
CN 29-40/41: TASKS 7-9

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Watch the video to refresh your memory about the two different models of the solar system – the earth-centered and sun-centered models.

The ancient astronomer Claudius Ptolemy is generally considered to be the one who formulated the former and the Polish monk Nicolas Copernicus the latter.

Click on the link; read the article or watch the video

https://youtu.be/k9RMZlug7cg

Answer this question:

a.    What is meant by retrograde motion?  (Hint:  If you are familiar with the term “retro” you should know this one.)

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Watch how gravity played an important part in the formation of our solar system.

Click on the link; read the article or watch the video

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6MlV92yA2E

Answer the question:

a.    What is the process called in which gravity caused smaller pieces to form into larger pieces of matter during the formation of our solar system?

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Click on the link; read the article or watch the video on Nebular Theory

https://youtu.be/fREpF0EbyIY

Answer this question:

a.    How does the nebular theory explain the existence of the universe and its components?

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Gustav Holst composed a suite – a collection of musical works entitled “The Planets” – based on the astrological characteristics of the planets.  The most famous piece of music in this suite is entitled “Mars - The Bringer of War”

Click on the link; read the article or watch the video

https://youtu.be/qz6LPNewf8k

Answer the following questions:

a.    Holst completed his suite sometime around 1916.  Aside from Earth, Pluto is missing from this suite. Why was Pluto missing?  You may have to do additional research for this.

b.    Gustav Holst’s “The Planets” is said to be the inspiration of this composer for the soundtrack of one of the most popular film franchises ever. Who is this composer and what is this film franchise?

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a. Pluto wasn't discovered yet until 1930.
b. John Williams, the composer of the movie, "Star Wars"

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a. Pluto wasn't discovered yet until 1930.
b. John Williams, the composer of the film, "Star Wars"

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a) Gustav Holt finished his suite around 1916 but Pluto was discovered in 1930. He died in 1934, four years after the discovery. He probably didn't pursue writing another composition because of the popularity of the suite. (Murakami, M. 2015)

b) John Williams, the composer of Star Wars soundtrack, was influenced by this work to compose the "Imperial March". (
Collins Classics  2017)

Holst - Mars The Bringer Of War (Star Wars’ Imperial March’s influence). (2017, May 26). [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z7sZjitW-OQ

Murakami, M. (2015, July 15). Pluto that Gustav Holst didn’t compose. Galaxy Music Notes. https://galaxymusicnotes.com/blogs/news/37665473-pluto-that-gustav-holst-didnt-compose

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a. retrograde motion - apparent motion of a planet in an opposite direction that is different to the other bodies in their system

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a) In simple terms, retrograde motion means going backward. In the example, however, mars is not moving backward. Mars moves along it's orbit slower than the earth since it has a larger orbit making it look like it is moving backward even though it is not.

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a. Based on the characters' statements, stars are perceived as storytellers, fireflies that got stuck to the sky, formations of gas, and Gods that observe us.

b. Pumbaa stated that stars are burning balls of gas millions of miles away. He had the most accurate description out of everyone.

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a. Gustav Holst finish The Planets in 1916 and Pluto wasn't discovered until 1930. Further to this, there have been composers for Pluto but ever since it became a Dwarf Planet, it has slowly become irrelevant. (“Pluto, Paradoxically, Joins ‘The Planets’ (Published 2006),” 2021)

b. John Williams is the composer of the Star Wars main soundtrack who was influenced and inspired by The Planets Suite. - Gustav Holst.

Pluto, Paradoxically, Joins “The Planets” (Published 2006). (2021). The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/08/arts/music/08plut.html

‌

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a. NEBULAR THEORY - the universe started as a NEBULA (clouds of gases). then, a nearby supernova (an exploding star) caused the nebula to collapse. it starts rotating and heats up, causing a protosun (young star) to be born in the center. chunks of rock from the explosion formed planetesimals. these small objects collided with bigger ones, causing it form planets, and so on.

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a. Scientists can gain knowledge on possible occurrences in our solar system by observing distant worlds which helps us visualize what our solar system may have gone through billions of years ago.

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A nebula explodes due to a near supernova and that causes the remains of the nebula to rotate. As the remains of the nebula rotates and heats up, a baby sun forms in the center while even more dust accumulates around it. The accumulation of dust forms small planets called planetesimals. Baby planets :D The baby planets hit each other and they break and they clump together to form larger planets. After millions of years, planets with distinct characteristics form and this makes a solar system.

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a. Each character had different interpretations on what starts are, to some it can be the past kings, some think it tells a story, and some think they are fireflies. Although, not all of them are based on imagination, some have scientific evidence to support them

b. The character that game the most accurate description to what stars really are is Pumbaa. He stated that stars are burning balls of gas that are billions of miles away.

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a. Based on what the characters had said, they all had different perspectives on what stars are. For some of them, they perceive  stars as storytellers and not things that tell the future. Some of them also believe that stars are the great kings of the past watching over us.

b. The character that gave the most accurate description of stars was Pumbaa as he stated that stars are “balls of gas burning billions of miles away”.

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a. To Shrek, the stars tell stories, to Donkey, the stars are a bunch of dots, to Timon the stars are fireflies that got stuck on a big bluish-black thing, and to Simba, the stars are the past kings. The mentioned interpretations were based on stories and imagination making them Non-Scientific.
b.  Pumba gave the most accurate description of what the stars are. He said that stars are balls of gas burning billions of miles away.

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a. When scientists observe the distant star systems, they are looking at our past. This means that they are studying what our own star system has went through which helps in understanding our solar system further.

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a. This process is called Accretion

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a. Accretion is the process of pieces forming into larger bodies of matter due to gravity. It caused particles of protoplanetary discs to get charged and attract each other in the earlier stages of our solar system.

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a. When we study distant star systems we also learn more about the birth of our own system. The video stated that "by studying star and planet formation we are essentially looking back in time, we are essentially looking at what we must have gone through billions of years ago."

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a. The process in which gravity caused smaller pieces to form into larger pieces of matter during the formation of our solar system is called accretion.

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According to the video clip provided, the scientists who had the opportunity to investigate distant star systems felt as if they were traveling back in time. Furthermore, t hey also acquired more knowledge about the processes that led to the formation of our solar system.

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During the creation of our solar system,  gravity caused smaller particles of matter to fuse together to produce larger pieces of matter and this process is called accretion.

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a. Retrograde by the definition of the dictionary means, moving backward. However, in the case of Earth and Mars it happens due to the fact that Mars has a bigger orbit than Earth. Therefore Earth can eventually overlap with Mars when this happens it may look like Mars is moving backward even though it's not, this happens because of the illusion.

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a. The characters each had their own perception of what stars are. For Donkey, they were simply dots. For Shrek, a medium for storytelling. For Timon, fireflies that got stuck on the sky. For Simba, past kings that continue to watch over them. Lastly, for Pumbaa, they are huge balls of gases that are burning from far away.

b. Pumbaa gave the most accurate description of the stars. The light that stars emit are caused by the heat that is produced by the burning of hydrogen and helium gases.

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a. The characters had different portrayal of the stars. Some described it as something that tells stories while the other describe it as great kings of the past watching over us. There are also some who portrayed stars as fireflies and another, balls of gas burning billions of miles away.

b. The character that gave the most accurate description of what the stars are is Pumbaa. He stated that stars are balls of gas burning billions of miles away. This can be proven since heat produced by the burning of hydrogen and helium gases causes the stars to emit light.

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Nebula Theory - It all starts with a NEBULA, this s a cloud of dust and gases which consists of hydrogen and helium which spans a few light-years. A nearby explosion ex. Supernova, causes the nebula to collapse towards its center. The Nebula starts rotating fast, and forms a accretion disk. As it spins faster, it will eventually form a Baby Sun called a Protosun. Planetesimals form within the disk and these form chunks of rock with eventually is the building blocks of the planets. Eventually these Planetesimals will collide with each other forming the planets we have today.

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a. Such organism that contains both male and female reproductive organs is called a hermaphrodite, from the names Hermes and Aphrodite.
b. The earth has been nicknamed the "Goldilocks planet", because its temperature and conditions are not too hot, not too cold, but just right. This makes earth the most suitable planet for life.

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a. To describe an organism that contains both the male and female reproductive organs, we use the term hermaphroditism. This term is derived from Hermaphroditus, who is the son of Hermes and Aphrodite in Greek mythology.

b. According to the video, the Earth is nicknamed the “Goldilocks Planet”. This is derived from the children’s fairy tale called ‘Goldilocks and the Three Bears.’ In this famous fairy tale, Goldilocks enters a house in the forest and finds three bowls of porridge. The first bowl tastes too salty, then the second bowl tastes too sweet, but then the third one was perfect. This can be related to the planets Mercury, Venus, and Earth as the first two planets have aspects that make them uninhabitable. However, the third bowl, or Earth, has the perfect conditions that make it suitable for life.

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Based on the video, the most accepted theory of how the moon was formed was that it entered the earth’s orbit after a collision of young Earth and a Mars-sized planet. The impact caused billions of tons of rock to escape the Earth’s gravity and floated into space. One of these rockets was captured by the Earth’s gravitational pull and entered its orbit, becoming the moon.

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The most widely accepted theory about the formation of the moon is called the big-impact theory, which states that a planet previously collided with the earth, causing many debris to fly out of the Earth. This debris merged into the moon that orbits around the earth.

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a. According to one of the scientists, the privilege of observing or studying distant star systems is that they are effectively gaining knowledge about what we may have gone through billions of years ago. This helps us to look back in time and discover the origin or birth of our own system. In addition, they have been able to observe how stars emerged and the formation of our own system.

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a. Based on the video, the most accepted theory of how the moon was formed was that it entered the earth’s orbit after a collision of young Earth and a Mars-sized planet. The impact caused billions of tons of rock to escape the Earth’s gravity and floated into space. One of these rockets was captured by the Earth’s gravitational pull and entered its orbit, becoming the moon.

b. Jupiter can be considered to be a “protective older sibling” to the Earth because it protects it from the hostile environment outside its orbit, including icy comets. Jupiter’s gravity is so powerful that it can pull icy comets or rocks that traveling towards the inner solar system into a different trajectory.

c. Jupiter and Saturn can be described as gas giants while Uranus and Neptune can be described as ice giants.

d. According to the video, simulations suggest that if Saturn reached the same size as Jupiter, they would knock out all the other planets. This is fortunate for us because Saturn is almost the same size as Jupiter and if we are lucky that it hadn’t gotten any bigger.

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a. The boundary between the inner planets and the outer planets just beyond the asteroid belt is called the frostline.
b. Jupiter is likened to a “protective older sibling” to the earth because it's powerful gravitational pull deflects comets that would otherwise hit the Earth.
c. The term used to describe Jupiter and Saturn is called "gas giants" because they have a lot of mass, and therefore, a lot of gas. The term used to describe Uranus and Neptune is "ice giants", since they have much less gas and they are much further away from the sun, therefore having a far colder atmosphere.
d.  Had Saturn reached the same size as Jupiter, they together would have sucked in an destroyed  all the other planets and we wouldn't be alive today.

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a) Pluto was missing from the suite because it was only discovered until 1930, 14 years after this suite was completed.
Source: Pluto discovered - HISTORY

b) The composer that was inspired by Gustav Hoist's "The Planets" was John Williams, the composer of the soundtrack for George Lucas' "Star Wars"

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a) Retrograde Motion, in short, is the act of going backwards. With the examples being planets, it would be the motion of a planet going in the opposite direction of the other planets in the system.

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a. Each character had a different perception of what the stars are. One said that they are things that tell stories, Timone said they’re just fireflies, Pumbaa said they were gas, and Simba said that they are things that watch over us.

b. Pumbaa had the most accurate description because he said that stars are balls of gas that are really far away from us.

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a) The Nebular Theory-This is the theory the explains the creations of our solar systems using nebulas. At the start of this theory, we have a nebula. After a supernova occurrs nearby(an exploding star), it makes the nebula collapse towards its own center and then it starts to spin and flatten. Once that happens for long enough it, the nebula turns into a protosun, which is a young sun. Using gravity, the protosun starts pulling in bits and pieces from space to create planetesimals, which are the beginnings of a solar system. Once that happens, the planetesimals start to clump-up and form bodies, which go on to be planets. This goes on and on until a solar system is made.

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By studying and observing the distant star systems, scientists in a way get to see the past. They are able to see what we went through years ago like how solar systems were formed.

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a. The process wherein gravity caused smaller pieces to form into larger pieces of matter during the formation of our solar system is accretion.

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We would know more about the birth of our own solar system since, chances are, it also went through the processes that other systems underwent.

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a. accretion

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a. An organism that contains both the male and female reproductive organs is called a  hermaphrodite.

b. The earth was given the nickname "Goldilocks planet" because based from the video it is not to hot not to cold and its orbiting just the right distance from the sun which is the right environment for life.

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a. Pluto was excluded from the suite because it did not have any astrological significance at the time the suite was completed. The suite was completed in 1916, however Pluto was discovered only in 1930.

b. Gustav Holst's "The Planets" was the inspiration of John Williams in making the soundtrack for Darth Vader. This film franchise is Star Wars.

Sources:
Wakin, D. J. (2006, September 8). Pluto, Paradoxically, Joins ‘The Planets.’ The New York Times. Retrieved October 14, 2021, from https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/08/arts/music/08plut.html

Turner, B. (2019, June 30). The Classical Cues That Inspired John Wiliams’ Music For ‘Star Wars.’ Colorado Public Radio. https://www.cpr.org/show-segment/the-classical-cues-that-inspired-john-wiliams-music-for-star-wars/

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The process wherein gravity causes smaller pieces to form into larger pieces of matter during the formation of our solar system is called accretion.

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a. A hermaphrodite is an organism that contains both the male and female reproductive organs.  This word stems from the names Hermes (male) and Aphrodite (female).

b. The nickname given to the Earth is the “Goldilocks planet.”  In the famous children’s fairy tale, Goldilocks went for a walk in the forest where she found a house with three bowls of untouched porridge.  The first bowl of porridge was too hot.  The second bowl was too cold.  However, the third bowl was just right, and this was the way Goldilocks preferred it.  Like the third bowl, the Earth is just right.  It is not too hot or not too cold.  In addition, it is orbiting at just the right distance from the Sun which makes it very conducive to life.

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a. The most accepted theory about how the moon was formed is that 4.5 billion years ago the earth collided with a planet size object which led to billions of rocks to eject into space and be captured by the earths pull and be slowly merged into the moon.

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a. Retrograde motion is an illusion in where from our perspective the object that is being observed is going backwards. As seen from the video, Mars looks like it is going backwards, however it is not going the opposite direction, the Earth is just faster in orbiting the sun which creates the illusion that Mars is going backwards from the Earth's perspective.

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a. The nebular theory explains that everything started with nebula, a cloud made up of dust gases. Gases such as helium and hydrogen. Due to a supernova, an exploding star, the nebula started to collapse to the center. This causes it to start rotating. As the nebula collapses into a disk, it starts to spin faster, and heat up. This forms a protosun at the center. Planetesimals form within the disk from chunks of rock. Planetesimals collide with each other to make planets. These planets and the sun, is now known as our solar system.

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a. The boundary between the inner planets and the outer planets just beyond the asteroid belt is called the frostline.

b. Jupiter is likened to a “protective older sibling” to the earth because it's gravity is so powerful it changes the trajectory of comets that could enter the inner solar system which could be dangerous for the earth.

c. The term used to describe Jupiter and Saturn is "gas giants" while the term used to describe Uranus and Neptune is "ice giant".

d. This is fortunate for us because if Saturn reached the same size as Jupiter they would eventually knock out all the other planet including ours.

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a. The most accepted theory about how the moon was formed proposes that the moon is a product of a collision between the young Earth and another planet the size of Mars.  Scientists estimated that there were roughly 20 planet-sized objects orbiting the Sun in the early solar system, one of which was named Theia.  Years ago, the young earth was on a direct collision course with the aforementioned that was around the size of Mars.  That collision resulted in billions of rocks scattering.  This material is captured by the Earth’s gravitational pull and enters into orbit.  It eventually amalgamated and became our moon.

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a.  Hermaphrodite is the term we use to describe an organism that contains both a male and female reproductive organ. It is derived from the names Hermes and Aphrodite respectively.

b. According to the video, the earth has coined the nickname "The Goldilocks Planet" due to its characteristics. The earth as the video states is "not too hot it's not too cold, it's orbiting at just the right distance from the sun and that makes it very conducive to life."

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a. "The Planets" was completed by Gustav Holst in 1916, but Pluto was discovered only in 1930. (To be exact, February 18, 1930). This was 14 years after the suite was finished and 4 years before he died. By that time, he did not want to write another piece for Pluto. (Murakami, 2015)

b. John Williams is the one who composed the Star Wars OST for the Star Wars film franchise. (Schwarm, 2013)

Sources:
Murakami, M. (2015, July 5) Pluto that Gustav Holst didn't compose. Galaxy Music Notes.
https://galaxymusicnotes.com/blogs/news/37665473-pluto-that-gustav-holst-didnt-compose#:~:text=It%20was%20discovered%20in%201930,attention%20to%20his%20other%20compositions.

Schwarm, B. (2013, October 04) Star Wars film score by Williams. Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Star-Wars-film-score-by-Williams

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a. The boundary between the inner planets and the outer planets just beyond the asteroid belt is called the frost line.  It is an invisible but critical border.  Crossing this boundary unveils different kinds of planets.  There, it is cold enough for water to condense.

b. Jupiter likened to a “protective older sibling” to Earth because its massive size, which accounts for its strong gravitational pull, has the ability to alter the trajectory (deflecting and throwing out of the solar system) of comets that could enter the inner solar system and strike the Earth.  Earth is fortunate in that Jupiter has a mass of over 300 times that of Earth and a volume more than 1000 times greater, allowing it to protect us from the environment beyond its orbit.

c. Jupiter (largest planet) and Saturn (second largest planet) are called gas giants because gas makes up 90% of their mass.  Rather than a gas giant, Uranus and Neptune with less gas are referred to as icy worlds because they form further out which causes them to have very cold temperatures.

d.  According to the video, having two planets the size of Jupiter in one solar system is not ideal because the other planets will be knocked out.  This is fortunate for us because had Saturn reached the same size as Jupiter, the gravity of those two planets combined could have sucked in all of the smaller planets.

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a. Retro in Latin means "backwards; behind". In relation to this example with Mars and Earth, Mars is experiencing retrograde motion. Retrograde motion is when something is moving backward. This is an illusion since Mars appears like it is moving backward but in reality it is not. This is similar to the example in the video of your car overtaking another car on the highway.

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a) The term that is used in describing an organism which contains both the male and female reproductive organs is called hermaphrodite.
b) The nickname given to Earth that is derived from a famous children's fairy tale is "Goldilocks Planet" because of how its temperature is just right for living conditions; not so hot and not so cold. So far, Earth is the only known planet suitable for living organisms.

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a) The most accepted theory about the Moon's formation is the one discussed in the video, about how billions of years ago, there was a planet the size of Mars that collided with the Earth, which caused many rocks and debris to orbit around the Earth, and as it orbited us for billions of years, the Moon was formed.

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a) The boundary between the inner planets and the outer planets just beyond the asteroid belt is called the frostline.
b) Jupiter is like a "protective older sibling" to Earth since its gravity is so powerful it changes the trajectory of comets or meteors that could potentially be a threat to the Earth.
c) The term used to describe Jupiter and Saturn is "gas giant" for its great mass, consisting of 90% gas, while the term used to describe Uranus and Neptune is "icy worlds" or "ice giant" for it significantly having less gas and being further away from the Sun, giving them abnormally cold temperatures.
d) If Saturn reached the same size of Jupiter, the massive gravity of both giants would have pulled in and destroyed every single planet in the solar system. We are fortunate since it did not grow as big as Jupiter, and it made for the most beautiful planet in our solar system.

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a. The nebular theory is the theory that explains the formation of our solar system. It begins with a nebula that collapses toward the center due to a nearby exploding star. Afterwards, the nebula spins and flattens into an accretion disk. As it spins, it continues to gather dust and gas to form a protosun (young sun) in the center. Eventually, as gravity keeps pulling more and more dust and gas, the accretion disk flattens and planetesimals form. These are the building blocks of the solar system and as they collide with each other, the planets begin to form. And now, we live in the solar system.

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a. The most plausible theory about the formation of the moon is the collision of a mars-sized planet and earth. The collision caused a myriad of debris to fly out in to space. The debris then became the moon we know today.

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a. The boundary between the inner planets and the outer planets just beyond the asteroid belt is called the frostline.

b. Jupiter is considered as  a “protective older sibling” to earth due to its powerful gravity. The gravity of Jupiter protects earth by altering the trajectory of projectiles that would hit earth.

c. Jupiter and Saturn can be described as "gas giants." This is because 90% of their mass consists of gas. Uranus and Neptune on the other hand are referred to as "ice giants" due to them having freezing temperatures.

d. According to the video, the solar system would be destroyed if Saturn would become the same size as Jupiter. This is because having two planets the size of Jupiter would result in all the smaller planets to be knocked out. We are fortunate because earth would have been a victim if this would ever occur.

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a. The organism that contains both the male and female reproductive organs is called the hermaphrodite.

b. According to the video, the nickname given to earth that is derived from a falls children’s fairy tale is Goldilocks because it’s not too hot and it’s not too cold, and it orbits at just the right distance from the sun.

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a.  According to the Shrek short clip, stars either tell stories or predict the future. The stars, on the other hand, are either fireflies that got stuck in the great blue black object, as Timon claims, or balls of gas burning billions of miles distant, as Pumba claims. Simba concludes by stating that stars are great monarchs from the past who watch over them. As a result, this could imply that stars are frequently used as figures to represent sentimental perspectives.

b.  Pumba from The Lion King had the most accurate description of stars, describing them as "balls of gas burning billions of miles away from Earth."

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Scientists learn more about the birth of our own system when studying distant star systems, because observing its formation also meant observing its history, how it came to be many years ago. Thus, careful observation of how other systems form can lead to the discovery of how our own system formed.

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Accretion is the process by which gravity caused smaller pieces of matter to form into larger pieces of matter during the formation of our solar system.

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a. The most accepted theory about how the moon was formed was that 4.5 billion years ago, earth was on a collision course with an object named thea. After this, tons of rock escaped earth’s gravity and went to space. After a few million years, the rocks amalgamate and that’s how the moon was formed.

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a. Gustav Holst suite was completed in 1916. However, Pluto was not discovered until 1930. Although he died in the year 1934, four years after the discovery of Pluto, there was only a little evidence that Holst considered updating his piece and including Pluto in “The Planets.”

b. John Williams, the composer of the soundtrack of Star Wars, “The Imperial March,” was inspired by Holsts’ “The Planets.” In fact, “The Planets” showed up in William’s theme for archvillain Darth Vader.

References:

Wakin, D. (2006, September 7). Pluto, paradoxically, joins ‘The planets’ (Published 2006). The New York Times - Breaking News, US News, World News and Videos. https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/08/arts/music/08plut.html

Turner, B. (2016, January 12). The classical cues that inspired John Wiliams’ music for ‘Star Wars’. Colorado Public Radio. https://www.cpr.org/show-segment/the-classical-cues-that-inspired-john-wiliams-music-for-star-wars/

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a) Pluto was discovered in 1930 while Gustav Holt finished his suite around 1916.

b) John Williams composed the Star Wars OST for the Star Wars film franchise.

Source:

Turner, B. (2016, January 12). The classical cues that inspired John Wiliams’ music for ‘Star Wars’. Colorado Public Radio. https://www.cpr.org/show-segment/the-classical-cues-that-inspired-john-wiliams-music-for-star-wars/

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Retrograde Motion in a nutshell is the act of moving backwards. It would be the motion of a planet moving in the opposite direction of the other planets in the system, in the case of the examples which are the planets.

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Everything began with a nebula, a cloud made up of dust gases, according to the nebular theory. It all starts with a nebula collapsing toward the center due to an exploding star nearby. It begins to rotate as a result of this. The nebula begins to spin faster and heat up as it collapses into a disk. At the center, this produces a protosun. The protosun begins to draw bits and pieces from space into planetesimals, which are the beginnings of a solar system, using gravity. As a result, the planetesimals begin to clump together and form bodies, which eventually become planets. This continues until a solar system is created.

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a. The term “retro” in Latin means “backwards” or “behind.” Thus, retrograde motion refers to moving backward in a loop or a z-shaped path that planets farther from the sun than Earth (Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus) appear to trace in the sky over the course of a few months. In the video, Mars is experiencing a retrograde motion. It appears like it is moving backgrounds even though in reality, it is not. The Earth is only faster in orbiting the sun which creates the illusion that Mars is going backward from the Earth’s perspective. This particular example of retrograde motion is also similar to your car overtaking another car on the highway.

References:

Nolasco, F. (2020, July 25). Video170 geocentric vs heliocentric [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/k9RMZlug7cg

Retrograde motion. (n.d.). Encyclopedia.com | Free Online Encyclopedia. https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/retrograde-motion-0

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a. The boundary beyond the asteroid belt that is between the inner planets and the outer planets is called the frost line

b. Jupiter is likened to a protective older sibling to the earth because it deflects the small icy comets that could’ve hit earth if Jupiter was not around.

c.  Gas giants is the term used to describe Jupiter and Saturn while ice giants is used to describe Uranus and Neptune.

d. According to the video, we’re fortunate that Saturn never reached the same size as Jupiter because had it reached the same size as Jupiter, they would knock out the other planets and we would not be alive.

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a. An organism that contains both male and female reproductive organs is called a hermaphrodite.

b. The Earth is called the goldilocks planet because it is not too hot nor too cold and its distance from the sun is just right that's why it is considered a perfect place for habitation.

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a. In the beginning, the Sun and all the planets in the Solar System began as a giant cloud of molecular gas and dust. However, a gravitational collapse at the center of the giant cloud occurred due to a passing star or shock waves from a supernova. Pockets of dust and gas began to collect into denser regions from this collapse and these denser regions pulled in more and more matter. Consequently, conservation of momentum caused it to begin rotation, while at the same time, increasing pressure to heat it up. Most of the material ended up in a ball at the center, which formed the Sun. On the other hand, the rest of the material formed into the protoplanetary disc. The planets that comprise the Solar System at present were formed by accretion from this disc, in which dust and gas gravitated together and coalesced to form ever-larger bodies.

Reference:

How was the solar system formed? - The nebular hypothesis - Universe today. (2016, July 19). Universe Today. https://www.universetoday.com/38118/how-was-the-solar-system-formed/

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The most acceptable theory that scientists discovered is the theory that the Earth collided with another celestial body called Thea and this resulted to the formation of moon. As many rocks and materials from Earth were found in the surface of the moon.

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a. The boundary between the inner and the outer planet is called the frost line.

b. Jupiter is likened to a protective older sibling because its gravity pulls out asteroids that could've hit the Earth.

c. Jupiter and Saturn are called gas giants while Uranus and Neptune are called ice giants.

d. If Saturn reached the same size of Jupiter, then these planets would collide and hit other small planets. That is why if this happened, we will not be able to talk about it now.

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a.)  Gustav Holst finished composing his suite “The Planets” between 1914 and 1916, which is around 12 -14 years before the planet Pluto was discovered in 1930. In 1934, 4 years after Pluto was discovered, Gustav died not adding it in his suite because he didn’t want to, with his reasoning "After all, 'The Planets' was too popular and that his other works weren’t being noticed the same way 'The Planets' was."

b.) The composer inspired by Holt was John Williams, who composed songs for the ever-famous Star-Wars namely the “The Imperial March” which is one of the most iconic themes, in my opinion for antagonists.

References:

Murakami, M. (2015, July 14). Pluto that Gustav Holst didn't compose. Galaxy Music Notes. Retrieved October 14, 2021, from https://galaxymusicnotes.com/blogs/news/37665473-pluto-that-gustav-holst-didnt-compose.

Turner, B. (2019, June 30). The classical cues that inspired John Wiliams' music for 'Star wars'. Colorado Public Radio. Retrieved October 14, 2021, from https://www.cpr.org/show-segment/the-classical-cues-that-inspired-john-wiliams-music-for-star-wars/.

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a.)     Simply put, retrograde motion is the movement of an object, which in this context is planets backwards. In the video, Mars is shown to be moving backwards when in fact it is actually not, because the earth rotates faster than Mars, it gives the illusion or the perspective that when the earth passes Mars that it is moving backwards. In reality, the two planets still follow their original orbits albeit at different speeds.

Reference:

Crockket, C. (2017, February 7). What is retrograde motion?: Astronomy Essentials. EarthSky. Retrieved October 14, 2021, from https://earthsky.org/space/what-is-retrograde-motion/.

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The nebular theory starts off when the universe were gas clouds called nebula. As these clumps of gasses grow and begin to form in higher concentrations, the gravitational forces surrounding it increases which is then converted to kinetic energy, which produces heat. When it reaches a temperature of 10 million degrees Kelvin, nuclear fission now takes place which will make a star. As the star continues to get bigger and hotter, different elements such as ices of water, methane, and ammonia surround the star. As they collide with one another, small planets are created as a result. The larger ones formed are called planetesimals. Repeating this process allows for more planets and suns to be made which are one of the properties or components of a universe.

Reference:

Deziel, C. (2017, November 21). What is the nebular theory? Education. Retrieved October 14, 2021, from https://education.seattlepi.com/nebular-theory-4444.html.

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a) "The Planets" was composed by Gustav Holst over the course of two years (1914-1916), and it has earned and kept a prestigious reputation. Its popularity was so renowned that it had the most impact compared to his other works. Pluto, on the other hand, was excluded from his creation since it had yet to be recognized, for it was only discovered in the year 1930, which occurred four years before Gustav Holst's death (1934) (Murakami,2015).

b) The composer of the movie Star Wars, John Williams, was the person who sought inspiration from the creation of "The Planets" written by Gustav Holst.

Reference:
Mizue Murakami. (2015, July 15). Pluto that Gustav Holst didn’t compose. Galaxy Music Notes. https://galaxymusicnotes.com/blogs/news/37665473-pluto-that-gustav-holst-didnt-compose

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When something moves backwards in comparison to the direct movements of other planets, is the process known as retrograde motion. When circling the Earth, Mars would periodically display retrograde motion by looping backwards. That is due to the Earth's quicker orbit around the sun, which results in Mars seeming to be traveling backwards.

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The nebular theory explains the existence of the universe and its components by explaining that the planets and the Sun were formed from molecular dust and gas left over from previous supernovas that accumulated through time. After that, some components collided and created our universe today, which is, according to the nebular theory, made up of the dust and gas that collected throughout time.

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a. Shrek said that stars tell stories, for Donkey they were just dots. Timone mentioned that they were fireflies, and Simba said that they were deceased kings. Pumba thought that they were "balls of gas burning billions of miles away".

b. Pumba gave the most scientifically accurate description because stars, are indeed, balls of gas burning millions of miles away.

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Scientists learn about how stars are born and nuclear fusion, as well as which elements are involved when they analyze and view these interactions from other star systems.

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a. An organism with both male and female reproductive organs is called a hermaphrodite. This is derived from "herm" for Hermes and "aphrodite" for Aphrodite.

b. The nickname for the planet Earth is the "Goldilocks Planet." This is because the distance of the planet is just right, it is not too far nor too close to the sun. From the fairy tale Goldilocks, she chose the porridge of the baby bear which was not too hot nor too cold. She chose not too eat the porridge of the mama and papa bears bowls which were too cold and too hot.

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The process is referred to as accretion.

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a. Billions of years ago instead of only 8 planet sized rocks revolving around the sun there were 20. Two of these planet sized rocks namely a body that was the size of Mars named Thea and the other was a young Earth. These two planetary rocks collided causing many rock debris to escape the Earth's gravity, though some of these debris were caught by gravitational pull of our planet and entered the atmosphere. Over the years these debris merged causing the formation of our moon.

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a. The characters perceive the stars differently from their own beliefs. Some of the mentioned are that stars are story tellers, fireflies that got stuck, balls of gas, and kings of the past watching over us.

b. Pumbaa gave the most accurate description saying that they are balls of gas from billions of miles away since this is the only description that includes a scientific thought process compared to the others which were solely fiction.

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The scientists felt as though they were in a time period in the past by looking and studying the stars. They also gained information regarding the formation of our solar system.

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Accretion is the process of gravity causing smaller pieces to form into larger pieces of matter during the formation of our solar system.

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a. The term used to describe an organism that contains both male and female reproductive organs is a hermaphrodite. This term is derived from the name of Hermes and Aphrodite's son, Hermaphroditus.

b. According to the video, Earth was nicknamed the "Goldilocks Planet." This nickname comes from the fairy tale "Goldilocks and the Three Bears," which is about a girl named Goldilocks who trespassed into the home of three bears. In the home, there were three bowls of porridge, she tried the first one and it was too hot, then she tried the second one which was too cold, but when she tried the third one, it was just right. Just like the third bowl, Earth is just right, because it is not too hot nor too cold, and orbits the sun at just the right distance that it is capable of supporting life.

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a. The most accepted theory about how the moon was formed was that billions of years ago, a planet the size of Mars collided with Earth, causing many rocks and debris to fly out into space. As billions of years passed by, some of the many rocks and debris orbiting around Earth due to its gravitational pull eventually amalgamated into the moon.

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a. The invisible but critical line just after the asteroid belt is the frost line.

b. Jupiter is dubbed as a "protective older sibling" to Earth as it deflects and changes the trajectory of comets that may enter the inner solar system. This protects it from numerous possible threats or rock debris that may hit our planet.

c. The first two planets in the outer solar system are Jupiter and Saturn or the gas giants. These two planets were in the right place to absorb gas and become bigger. The other two planets are Uranus and Neptune or otherwise known as the ice giants. Due their distance from the sun they became a colder and more chilly planets rather than gassy ones.

d. We would not be a stable solar system id this occurred. If Saturn were to reach the size of Jupiter then both of these planets would knock out the other planets of our solar system.