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https://librarysearch.bcu.ac.uk/permalink/44BCU_INST/15fig5r/alma991002320239706701

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https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bcu/reader.action?docID=6301558&ppg=44

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https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bcu/reader.action?docID=4536975&ppg=14

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I like the film is shaped by the Joker role, as before the director said, this is a film character research direction, experimental, now at the Venice film festival went to "the Joker" best film, proved that the success of the film the Joker role experiment, also prove that the film.Quality.
Just as Arthur's line in the film: "what funny what's not funny, are you defined.This sentence correspond to the real and the real world, alluding to the so-called values we now, just a definition, what is worth Values or ideology, is our civilized society, but values such things, it really exist? !So "the clown" with extremely negative values challenge nowadays society, that is if a film can really affect reality, then this how vulnerable is a civilized society.Which is "the clown" make a lot of people think that dangerous place, because of violent film art charm, a clown role played by joaquin phoenix interesting, don't say he himself into play too deep, even as the audience I watched his performance all the way, is scared by his evil breath air conditioning.Joaquin phoenix, the level of performance, accompanied by a low moan of cello movie, sound tracks in several brutal violence scene, real to me to look, even to cause some nausea and, of course here is completely to phoenix show good praise, he handed the soul to the role.A third before the story of "the Joker" very full, although some routines and rigid, but middle started forward force, a third behind, moving towards a limitless darkness, violence, bloody, the values of the imbalance of the scale, all pressure to the audience at the end, we through more than two hours of film, clear naked looking at are in urgent need of social assistance of Arthur, thoroughly become mental madness has no humanity The clown.But I want to say is, "the Joker" is a film even know the story, still can let a person indulge works.

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Print advertisement created by Arpejo, Brazil for Disque Denúncia, within the category: Public Interest, NGO.

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Print advertisement created by Arpejo, Brazil for Disque Denúncia, within the category: Public Interest, NGO.

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Print advertisement created by Arpejo, Brazil for Disque Denúncia, within the category: Public Interest, NGO.

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3 Types of Sculpture Materials to Consider Using as a Hobby

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Sculpting is a worthy art form for fine artists who have patience and willingness to persevere. I have done small scale clay figurines.
Clay Is Just the Beginning: How to Make Sculptures in Different Mediums

The soft sculptor may choose to use clay, sand, sawdust, paper, plastics, wax, softwoods, fabrics, glass, and plaster. The hard sculptor will work with stone, marble, bronze, hardwoods, ivory and other bones, shells, and metal.

Many of us have worked clay and sand in school classes for many types of art and craft projects. We brought together and shaped these objects with our hands. My first clay project was forming an ashtray. This sculpture technique is modeling as we gather soft materials and create shapes and forms.

In the advanced grades, we managed chip carving with special knife blades of designs from soap, wood, or any other soft material. My "chip art" project was on a wooden jewelry box. This sculpture technique is carving.

The serious sculptor art student experiences cutting figures from trees, ice, and other selected medium with a power saw or they may prefer to fuse metal pieces to build an art or utilitarian piece.

17 Types of Sculpting Materials

Tools You'll Need

Hand or electronics: Assorted chisels, a hammer, rasps, wet/dry sandpaper, work bench, and a lift for heavy stones.

Safety equipment: Safety glasses, ear plugs, gloves, dust mask or respirator, and well-ventilated working environment.

Stone Sculpture

Youngsters attending art classes experience sculpting clay in school or in the home. They work the clay to prepare its surface and shape for the intended item. Students will draw their head, face, neck, and part of the chest onto a square or rectangle block of clay. Chisels and cutting blades are used to cut away unwanted sections to show the finished form.

3D Sculpture: Remove clay following the drawing lines to form the head with its facial details and hairstyle. They carve the collar and the neckline area of the chest as one unit. Add an optional pedestal to support the head in an upright position. They call this a bust statue. This piece is visible in every position.

Relief Sculpture: A low or high relief requires different depths of sculpture material. They cut the indents into the background to create a look of illusion of depth sense on flat stone. Place your design on a shallow marble tile or a thick stone slab. Follow the layout lines, removing unwanted stone. The deeper the stone, the higher the relief. A shallow stone will have a low relief. The finished work will have one viewpoint.

Stone Types

Select stone type according to its features, usage, and its indoor or outdoor location..

The characteristics of the stone will show its workable and aesthetic qualities to help create the best design.

First and foremost the artist sees the image in the rock. Then the process of sculpting involves working with the characteristics of the stone to accomplish the artist's imagery becoming a reality.
Seven Stone Types:

1. Marble: Preferred stone for skilled artists and crafts sculptors. Marble has a longer lifetime indoors.

2. Granite: Table tops, funeral statuary, and gravestone markers.

3. Limestone: Makes excellent outdoor sculptures, but cracks and breaks along the grain.

4. Sandstone: A natural stone to sculpt with hand tools. Make reliefs and 3D objects.

5. Alabaster: Soft stone which cracks and damages. Repair cracks with glue and clay. Carve small objects.

6. Soapstone: An easy stone to knife carve for beginners.

7. Concrete: A mix of sand and gravel. Use concrete for indoor and outdoor art or craft objects.

Personal notation: Think and visualize your chosen creation using your creative vision to see the finished image. Then let the stone speak to you. If the stone and your visual image collide, it's the wrong choice. The stone and your visual image need to agree. The sculptured image will emerge with your skills, talents, knowledge of stones, and logical use of tools.

Wood Carving

Wood carvers make eating utensils, bowls, vases, statues, jewelry, religious articles, canoes, decorated woodwork in and on buildings, boats, visual art, and other art décor.

Water, insects, mold, mildew, and fire damage woods. Artists and artisans prefer carving stone and marble to avoid these problems. However, many people favor the warmth and beauty of wood.

Draw the design before beginning the carving process. The sketch is our pattern guide for cutting away unwanted wood to create the finished product.

Carving will require special tools and deciding on the type of wood to be used. It can become a very expensive hobby. Begin with a small object to determine if carving wood is the next hobby choice. A pen knife and a bar of soap is a very inexpensive to determine if carving is suitable for your talents and skills.
Carving Tools:

A pocket knife or an assortment of wood carving knives

Hand chisels for detailed work

Gouges, spoon shaped or straight, for chipping away

V-tool for relief carving

The type of wood and the project determines which tools are to be used

Hardwood trees have wide broad leaves. This includes all fruit tress, Oak, Maple Hickory, Birch, Acacia, Eucalyptus, Walnut, Chestnut, Aspen, Mahogany, Poplar, and the Linden tree.

Softwoods have needles and cones. These trees include pines and spruces. Redwoods, Douglas Fir, Western Red Cedar, Cedar, Cypress, Juniper, white pine, and basswood (most popular carving wood).

Soft woods are carved with hand tools and most hardwoods will require mechanical or electronic tools.

Ice and Snow Sculpture

Ice sculpture is beautiful and lasts for hours or a few months, depending on the surrounding frigid temperature. The question is, "Are you prepared to sculpt an object that is short-lived?" Ice carvings or building sand castles on the beach are short-lived. Some people don 't mind rebuilding. Do you?

Ice sculpture does not differ from other sculptures in that they can carve it into lifelike figures or abstract art. They must keep the ice at freezing temperatures. A better enduring medium is glass or crystals.

We may see sculptured ice figures in the winter outdoors, on large buffet tables at conventions, weddings, and specialized gatherings, and at ice festivals, which feature these artworks.

They carve the figure from blocks of ice from frozen rivers, lake, and ponds. The block size determines using hand tools or a power saw. An individual or a machine may carve the ice block. A wiser method is to place water into a mold, add dye for coloring, freeze, remove, and refine the details.

Snow sculpture uses frozen blocks of snow or collections of hand-packed snow. Children build snowmen while adult creators build figurines and other objects. Onlookers watch or supervise the building process.

Stone Carving-Because I Didn't Have A...

Sculpting With Clay

All school children have experienced molding clay in school or in the home. With our hands we start working the clay until it feels just right to be molded or cut. Some of us will start with a round ball of modeler's clay and cut away unwanted areas or add additional clay pieces depending on the creation.

Example: A round face is the head of a person. We then cut away or indent the clay where necessary or add pieces of shaped clay to bring detailed features to the head. When completed we then paint our artwork and place it in the kiln for a permanent finish.

Others may roll the clay in the same way we roll out pastry dough, and then cut the pieces which will be needed. The cut pieces are then connected by pinching or pressing the clay pieces together.

Example:

We can create stick figures of gingerbread men or other favorite cartoon or animated characters with different shapes of cut clay. A cookie cutter or a sculptor's knife may be used to cut desired shapes. Additional pieces of clay may be applied by pressing the pieces together with our fingers or using a flat blade tool.

Starting on a small project is affordable. However, should you decide to make larger pieces, like pottery, additional accessories and a kiln will be required? You may wish to take classes and be exposed to the tool necessities before investing in more complex clay projects.

Questions & Answers

Question: what material is clay composed of?

Answer: Clay is earth mixed with a variety of minerals and rocks. Natural clay is available in red, yellow, and terracotta or brownish color. Most of us find it more convenient to purchase clay at an arts and crafts store.

RAMESH K K. BHAGAM ARTS KERALA on February 27, 2020:

I am a sculptor i have making woodern and rock sculpture so my life for art

Tricia Deed on June 17, 2019:

Gerard,

I took a tour online to check out stone carving in Kenya. It this is the type of work you sculpture; it is beautiful. It appears to me that the natural stone in your area offers the opportunity to sculpt any object to create unusual and different stone grain patterns in finished pieces.

The photos of the sculptured pieces which I saw online are stunning.

Gerard Motondi on June 12, 2019:

Grew up in a stone carving community in Western Kenya. I enjoy sculpting any type of stone. Garden sculpture is decorative, records history, and commemorate events. it is also therapeutic

Tricia Deed (author) from Orlando, Florida on March 30, 2018:

Deborah, click into Wiki How on the Internet. They have an article on oil based clay with illustrations to help you make this clay.

Tricia Deed (author) from Orlando, Florida on March 30, 2018:

Deborah, I found an article by WikiHow describing how to make an oil based clay. The article includes step by step instructions with pictures. Check out their website for this information.

Deborah Atwood on March 28, 2018:

I have been searching for hours, for Homemade Oil based clay.

And only able to find 1. The guy doesn't give out the Recipe.

Is there anyone out here that has a recipe they don't mind sharing with me?

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Types of Sculpture Materials to Consider for a Hobby

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Sculpting is a worthy art form for fine artists who have patience and willingness to persevere. I have done small scale clay figurines. The soft sculptor may choose to use clay, sand, sawdust, paper, plastics, wax, softwoods, fabrics, glass, and plaster. The hard sculptor will work with stone, marble, bronze, hardwoods, ivory and other bones, shells, and metal.

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The Different Materials That Can Be Used in Sculpture - Our Culture

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The art of sculpting and creating sculptures is one of creative expression and personal interpretation. Using your own hands and artistic vision to give tangible materials a form which speaks to a deeper meaning is a powerful sensation.

Whether the artist in question is a professional sculptor or a hobbyist, the material plays a central role in determining the look and feel of the artistic work created. You can get better acquainted with some of the choice materials used in sculpting below.
Clay
Many may recall fond memories of using clay to create simple sculptures back in school, but there's plenty of reasons why it can be an ideal material in the hands of an expert too. When slightly warm and damp, clay is incredibly malleable and versatile, allowing sculptures to start creating without needing additional treatment for the material.

The creative freedom that clay affords an artist means that almost any shape imaginable can be born. Using specialist tools, repeating patterns or intricate designs can be carved out of the clay to add depth to a clay sculpture. Many hobbyist sculptors will start out using clay due to how forgiving of a material it can be and the ability to drive right into the creation process.
Glass
Allowing for elaborate and graceful sculpting designs, glass requires heating up within a kiln or oven to allow it to be manipulated into various shapes with the aid of glass-working tools. This process is known as 'slumping' glass, which is usually used in tandem with 'fusing' - where pieces of glass are heated and fused together - in order to join together into more elaborate and eye-catching glass sculptures.

Contemporary glass art utilises these process and others in order to create ornate and aesthetically pleasing shapes, like the work of artist Dale Chilhuly. The translucent properties of glass also allow coloured glass materials to be used for an additional creative element.
Wood
Sculptures which make use of wood as the primary material will typically focus on the natural colouration and patterns within the wood grain.

Some artists will use minimal techniques to showcase the beauty of natural forms, while others will carefully carve and manipulate the material to give life to fascinating creations. Tools can range from more manual hand carving tools to using power tools when creating large-scale works.

The tactile nature of wood as a sculpting material gives it an appealing warmth and texture, as well as flexibility over the finish - polishing and buffing can add shine, while allowing the natural matte finish to flourish can make certain sculptures feel alive.
Metal
Arguably the most resilient material in this list, metal can require extensive preparation before it can be worked with for sculpting. Welding equipment is typically required for joining and cutting metal, meaning more specialist skills are required in order to sculpt using metal. The overall results can be incredibly striking, especially when such an industrial material is used to replicate such delicate forms like those created by Antoine Pevsner.

Discarded metals can give sculpture artists a variety of forms to play around with, altering and joining them to other reclaimed materials to craft thought-provoking pieces of art.

Taking up sculpture can be a highly enjoyable creative experience, using your own two hands and practical ability to create something within a 3D space. The only limits to this are your patience and overall creativity - if you have an idea, choose the material you want to use and set to it.

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The Different Materials That Can Be Used in Sculpture - Our Culture

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The art of sculpting and creating sculptures is one of creative expression and personal interpretation. Using your own hands and artistic vision to give tangible materials a form which speaks to a deeper meaning is a powerful sensation. Whether the artist in question is a professional sculptor or a hobbyist, the material plays a central [...]

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For this small project, I planned to make a sculpture of the outline of a dead person at a domestic violence scene, based on a print advertisement created by Arpejo in Brazil for Disque Denuncia. In addition, I studied the use of some sculpture materials. I considered whether two materials could be combined to better express the meaning of the work. In this experiment, I planned to use clay and ice, which are the two most common sculpture materials.

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The Many Different Faces of Plaster Sculpture | Widewalls

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Different materials of sculpture are integral part of its later aesthetic charm. Plaster ranks among the most used materials, and plaster sculpture persisted in original artistic practices throughout the centuries. Different from other materials, plaster can be easily molded but due to its brittleness it often requires support. Larger sculptures usually have some form of armature upon which plaster is applied such as wire mesh or cloth. There are several types of plaster, usually divided according to content, such as gypsum, lime or cement plasters, with similar characteristics. In addition to sculpture, plaster finds its application in decorative purposes as well, mainly in architecture for decoration of interiors and exteriors. Using plaster for this requires high craft skills and dexterity of artists' hands as the process often includes carving of small details. Considered both art and craft, carving of plaster like any other process starts with the mixing of plaster and water before the execution of a project begins. Artists can add clay and press it into the carving in order to check the final result. Small details of their carving project can be examined from the clay cast. It is important to note that some of the most prominent and original works of art are painted on plaster layers, like medieval frescoes and Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel, the renowned masterpiece of Renaissance art . Casting also contributes to the general use of plaster, as sculpture made from melted materials is often poured in plaster mold.

In the domain of sculpture, plaster has versatile applications. It can be the only material the sculpture is made of or combined with others, such as wood, metal or glass. First plaster sculptures, figurative in character, go back to 7000 years B.C. Egyptians pioneered casting method and were using plaster with their hands to make head and face cast of the deceased in the third millennium B.C. Romans were using plaster molds of Greek sculptures and paint to make reproductions; in Renaissance artists made and collected casts, while renewed interest in this material came with the Neoclassicism when casts of ancient sculptures were in wide use. However, until the 20th century plaster was considered a second rate material, similar in quality to clay. It was considered as material in which copies of masterpieces and probes of sculptural ideas were made, until modern artists started to use it and mix it with other materials. Today, plaster is applied in sculpture in both traditional and modern ways. The following collection will showcase some of the artists whose imagination found outlet in making of plaster sculptures.
Featured Image: Henry Moore - Reclining Woman, 1979. Image via alchetron.com
Alexsander Archipenko - Motion in Form

Inspired by Cubism, Ukrainian artist investigated the aesthetics of motion by reducing the human figure and face to its basic geometrical forms in plaster. He brought the tensions between positive and negative space to the fore of his sculptural works, often substituting solid forms by voids or mixing them in unexpected ways. As one of the pioneers of Modern art and sculpture, he aimed to disclose sculptural technique by leaving the processes of creation such as pasting, nailing or tying visible. Opposing established sculptural norms of his time, he included plaster casting and paint as means of his expression.
Featured image: Alexander Archipenko - Carrousel Pierrot, 1913,plaster, Guggenheim Museum. Image via guggenheim.org
Pablo Picasso - Found Objects Made into Art

One of the best-known modernists who started his career in Paris, Pablo Picasso reached world-wide recognition with his Cubist paintings, but his plaster sculptural work is equally fascinating. Mostly making sculptures from found objects-his Bull's Head is one of the most famous - he often engaged with plaster either to make a mold or to connect and mix random elements into recognizable forms. He was so fond of his two plaster busts of a woman that he would not lend them for exhibitions and bronze casts had to be shown instead.

Featured image: Pablo Picasso - Bust of a Woman, 1931, plaster. Image via nytimes.com
George Segal - Bandaging the Grim Reality

Considered one of the existentialists among the Pop artists , George Segal pioneered the use of plaster bandages made for orthopaedic cast in his sculptures. He would wrap a model's face and body with strips of plaster bandages and after they would harden a bit, remove them and add extra plaster to mold in order to create a hollow shell. Knowledge of crafts and high skills in plaster making helped him balloon into one of the most prominent sculptors of the 20th century in US, with his works displayed in galleries and museums from Paris and Barcelona to New York and Washington. Coming from a family of Polish Jews, his interests revolved around the times of human suffering, such as the Great Depression and the Holocaust.
Featured image: George Segal - Holocaust Memorial at California Palace of the Legion of Honor, 1984,San Francisco. Image via wikipedia.org
Peter Agostini - Pop and Abstract Art made in Plaster

Peter Agostini is considered one of the most prominent plaster sculptors in the US, educated in arts and crafts in Mexico, New York and Paris. His work made in large formats with representations of egg cartons, pillows and bottles with plaster applied over large balloon-like spheres. He also worked in the domain of Abstract Art and created expressive, nonfigurative forms that often resemble different crumbled materials and which defy gravity and frailness of plaster. Later in his career he turned again to figuration, now focusing on horses and the poetry of their movement.
Featured image: Peter Agostini-The Hurricane, 1962. Image via artistprofilesproject.blogpost.rs
Jeff Koons - Recycling History

Notorious for his work in the domain of popular culture that sharply divided his critics but also helped him balloon into the artist stars, is another contemporary artist who delves into plaster sculpture. In part of his series titled Gazing Ball he combines plaster cast of ancient sculpture with baubles made of blown blue glass in order to comment on transience of human existence and the transformative power of such knowledge.
Featured image: Jeff Koons - Gazing Ball (Ariadne), 2013. Image via jeffkoons.com
Monica Cook - Mythical figures in Mixed Materials

Coming from the field of figurative painting, sculptor Monica Cook creates her sculptures with a keen attention to detail, texture, and luminosity. She combines plaster cast with different commercial modelling products such as paper clay, silicone, polyester resin and wire armatures. She creates mystical scenes with human-like and animal figures and through exposure of their biological and anatomical functioning comments on life cycles.

Featured image:Monica Cook - Goat Cart and Duster. Image via monicacookart.com

Kiki Smith - Investigations of Human Body

Inspired by frailty and at the same time vitality of life force, deploys plaster cast in combination with wood and metal to create figurative sculptures which often hint at Surrealist aesthetics. After the deaths of her father and sister she developed a more visceral approach to her figures exposing veins and other organs to the view of the observer.
Featured image: Kiki Smith - Untitled, 1994. Image via bombmagazine.org
Not Vital - Sensing the Space

With numerous solo-exhibitions held in Paris and around the world, architect, sculptor, and painter finds his inspiration in places he visits. Being inspired by concrete objects and landscapes or by the general atmosphere and sentiment of the place he is in, Non Vital creates sculptures which combine different and often unusual materials such as plaster, gold, soap, tea, marble and bronze.

Featured image: Not Vital - Lotus Detail, 2010. Image via notvital.com
Nao Matsunaga - Abstracting the Mythical

Japanese born artist Nao Matsunaga focuses his interest on ritual and mythical objects, their forms and symbolic purposes as well as on animal and human figures and their abstraction in primitive cultures. His sculptures made of clay, wood, plaster and other organic materials combine the tensions of motility and stillness, restrain and rampancy, heaviness and lightness.
Featured image: Nao Matsunaga - Standing on the Verge, Live Up, 2015. Image via naomatsunaga.com
Daniel Arsham - Excavating the Present

Exploring and working in the fields of architecture, performance and sculpture, Daniel Arsham includes forms of everyday objects in his YESTERDAYSFUTURES series in order to question historical memory and processes of archiving. He uses plaster cast and sand to recreate objects such as cameras, cell phones and guitars and to make a historical anachronism where such objects take place of ancient artefacts.
Featured image: Daniel Arsham - Crystal Eroded Movie Camera, 2013. Image via Galerie Perrotin All images used for illustrative purposes only.

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The Many Different Faces of Plaster Sculpture | Widewalls

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Different materials of sculpture are integral part of its later aesthetic charm. Plaster ranks among the most used materials, and plaster sculpture persisted in original artistic practices throughout the centuries. Different from other materials, plaster can be easily molded but due to its brittleness it often requires support.

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Commonly used to create sculptures, plaster is made by mixing water, lime, gypsum, sand, and other strengthening materials, such as animal hair. The resulting paste can be applied to walls, cast, or, once dried, carved. Since antiquity, plaster has been used for frescoes and reliefs, both in Roman and Islamic architecture. Later, plaster allowed for the easy reproduction of Greek and Roman masterpieces. These cast copies served as teaching aides for artists and academics and were commonly acquired by museums in the 19th century as an economical means to expand collections. Plaster's adaptable qualities are evident in modern and contemporary works: in the 1960s, Louise Bourgeois embraced the material for its suppleness, using it to create her biomorphic sculptures, while George Segal exploited its ghostly quality to craft intimate body casts of friends and relatives, echoing its use in ancient Greek and Egyptian death masks.

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Commonly used to create sculptures, plaster is made by mixing water, lime, gypsum, sand, and other strengthening materials, such as animal hair. The resulting paste can be applied to walls, cast, or, once dried, carved. Since antiquity, plaster has been used for frescoes and reliefs, both in Roman and Islamic architecture.

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Exhibition of Pioneering Portadown Artist and Sculptor who Invented Plaster of Paris Splints

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Portadown exhibition explores the life and work of Portadown born sculptor Anne Crawford Acheson CBE (1882-1962) who invented Plaster of Paris splints as a volunteer during the First World War.
Organised by the Craigavon Museum Services, the exhibition ' Anne Acheson: A Sculptor in War and Peace ' will trace Acheson's life from her Portadown beginnings, through her pioneering medical war work, the peaks and troughs of her sculptural career in London and her final years in Glenavy, County Antrim.

Funded through Armagh City, Banbridge and Craigavon Borough Council's Good Relations Programme which is part financed by The Executive Office, the exhibition will be held in the Millennium Court Arts Centre, Portadown from Saturday 6 April until Saturday 18 May 2019. The venue will also host another exhibition entitled 'CAST', which will feature a variety of work by contemporary artists that has been chosen as a response to the work of Anne Acheson.

Specialising in the sculpting of bronze statuettes and lead garden figurines, Anne Acheson was one of Britain's leading sculptors in the first half of the 20th century. During this period her work featured regularly in leading art exhibitions by the Royal Academy of Arts in London, the Royal Hibernian Academy, the Paris Salon and the Royal Ulster Academy.

However Acheson's artistic success was eclipsed by the pioneering medical work she undertook during the First World War, while volunteering with the Surgical Requisites Association. Acheson, with an artist's knowledge of the human anatomy, created the first anatomically accurate splints made from Plaster of Paris. Comfortable, lightweight and cost effective, Acheson's revolutionary splints ensured that broken bones were immobilised and held in the correct position to properly heal. Her legacy lives on as Plaster of Paris splints continue to be universally used for the treatment of broken bones.

In recognition of Anne Acheson's work, King George V conferred on her a CBE in February 1919. This was an honour specifically created by the King to reward civilians for extraordinary war work with Acheson one of the first civilians to receive it.

Both ' Anne Acheson: A Sculptor in War and Peace ' and 'CAST' open on Saturday 6 April 2019 and will run until Saturday 18 May 2019 (open Monday to Saturday, 10am to 5pm).

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Exhibition of Pioneering Portadown Artist and Sculptor who Invented Plaster of Paris Splints

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Portadown exhibition explores the life and work of Portadown born sculptor Anne Crawford Acheson CBE (1882-1962) who invented Plaster of Paris splints as a volunteer during the First World War.

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Event: Artist's Talk: Marcus Coates: WORKPLACE LONDON

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Marcus Coates discusses his multi-disciplinary practice in the context of his current exhibition 'The Last of Its Kind' at Workplace Gallery London. RSVP@workplacegallery.co.uk.

The title of the exhibition comes from one of two videos in the exhibition that he made while on Fogo Island, Newfoundland, Canada.

He will speak about his time there and its influence on him as well as the wider ideas, intentions and processes within his work.

The evening will end with a Q&A with the audience.

Free admission. Please RSVP to

Marcus Coates: 'The Last Of Its Kind' is currently on view through 14th April at Workplace Gallery.

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Event: Artist's Talk: Marcus Coates: WORKPLACE LONDON

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Marcus Coates discusses his multi-disciplinary practice in the context of his current exhibition 'The Last of Its Kind' at Workplace Gallery London. The title of the exhibition comes from one of two videos in the exhibition that he made while on Fogo Island, Newfoundland, Canada. He will speak about his...

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Print advertisement created by WCIE, France for FNSF, within the category: Public Interest, NGO.

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In this small project, with domestic violence as the theme, I plan to use gypsum as the material for a story model. I studied the works of some artists. In the process of experiment, I found that once gypsum solidified, it would become very hard, and carving plaster was very difficult for me. But French WCIE FNSF create gave me some inspiration of print ads, many people in the family violence is difficult to escape, I think I can make use of the characteristics of gypsum express is hard to get this point, I have not yet put the doll in solidification of gypsum, and pose some modelling storytelling, plaster after solidification doll is completely sealed in plaster.

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融化的肉体，永存的灵魂。--巴西冰雕艺术家Néle Azevedo。

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'Melting Man'

融化的肉体 永存的灵魂

一支由5000个冰雕组成的军队在阳光下慢慢融化，把在一战中牺牲的灵魂带回了伯明翰。

来自世界各地的数千人聚集在一起，为那些在Chamberlain Square广场上被杀害的男男女女和士兵们，树立一个冰冻的迷你雕像。

一些人眼含泪水，用鲜花和丝带装饰雕塑，以纪念死去的战壕和家人。

这些雕塑已经融化，但这令人心酸的展览将永远留在后代的记忆中。

黑云和暴雨威胁着当天的活动，以纪念第一次世界大战结束以来的100年。

但当第一尊雕塑被放在台阶上时，蓝天和阳光又回来了。

Melting Man是一个为期短暂的装置艺术品，展示在世界各地的公共场所。自2005年以来，这些由巴西艺术家Néle Azevedo创作的冰人造访了哈瓦那、柏林、佛罗伦萨、巴黎、东京、新加坡、墨西哥城等城市。

在古罗马时期，人们开始建立纪念重要人物的纪念碑。值得注意的是，雕塑的大小也代表了对被描绘者的重视。

树立人像雕塑，这种做法通常是用大理石或石头制作雕像屹立在广场上，并将他们的事迹在公众中宣扬。随着时间的推移，这个传统已经成长和演变。如今，总统、政府和许多公众人物的纪念碑已成为现代城市自然景观的一部分。

与寻求不朽的古代遗迹相比，Néle Azevedo的作品让我们想起了我们有限的生存条件。她使用冰的主要原因是因为她的作品注定是易化的。缺少一张脸的微小冰雕与普通的雕塑形成了巨大的反差，这些雕塑的主要目的是歌颂某个特定的人。

她的艺术建立在仅仅针对'个人'上，没有任何在年龄，性别，或社会阶级上的区别。她暗指我们都在一样的乌托邦式民主中。"纪念碑"这个名称迫使观众站在庄严的立场上，就像我们在地上欣赏一块石头一样。

她选择的城市是完全随机的。艺术家对这个地方进行了彻底的研究，因此她的作品很容易与城市的地标形成对比。如今，我们已经习惯了巨大的物体，摩天大楼、桥梁和建筑的高度，以至于我们忘了向下看，在小事情上看到细节。小尺寸的"最小纪念碑"是对高度的批判，因为俯视或接近某种东西创造了艺术和观众之间更亲密的相遇。

也有人认为，这项作品背后的主要话语是气候变化。这通常被解释为对全球变暖后果的警告。许多人把这个装置理解为对人类的批判，以及我们如何通过毁灭地球来危害自己。但这并不是这个作品背后的理念。

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融化的肉体，永存的灵魂。--巴西冰雕艺术家Néle Azevedo。

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'Melting Man' 融化的肉体 永存的灵魂 一支由5000个冰雕组成的军队在阳光下慢慢融化，把在一战中牺牲的灵魂带回了伯明翰。 来自世界各地的数千人聚集在一起，为那些在Chamberlain Square广场上被杀害的男男女女和士兵们，树立一个冰冻的迷你雕像。 一些人眼含泪水，用鲜花和丝带装饰雕塑，以纪念死去的战壕和家人。 这些雕塑已经融化，但这令人心酸的展览将永远留在后代的记忆中。

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制作冰雕的冰有什么讲究 | 科学实验室

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制作冰雕的冰有什么讲究 | 科学实验室

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Why it is so hard to spot domestic abuse early on and what to do once you see it

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SALT LAKE CITY - When Kathleen Lopez left her abusive relationship, she took only a diaper bag and her 8-month-old son. The baby gave her the courage to leave; it seemed inevitable the abuse would spill on to him if she stayed. In the middle of the night, they went to a battered-women's shelter.

She felt like it took her a long time to work up courage to leave, though it was months, not years. She endured threats and apologies and then more abuse before making that escape more than 30 years ago, said Lopez, now 52, owner and CEO of Sentinel Sales & Management in American Fork, Utah.

Kathleen Lopez at her American Fork offices on Tuesday, Aug. 1, 2017. | Scott G Winterton, Deseret News

"I was young and naïve," she said of that painful time in her life. "Early, I was in love and not able to process the red flags, though they were there."

People experiencing domestic abuse feel like they're all alone, although that's far from true. The National Coalition Against Domestic Violence says on average 20 people are abused by an intimate partner in America every minute - about 10 million women and men a year. One-third of women and one-fourth of men experience some form of physical violence by a partner within their lifetime. On a typical day, there are more than 20,000 phone calls placed to domestic violence hotlines nationwide.

Domestic abuse is a societal problem that has achieved an especially high media profile this summer in Utah with the death of several women as the result of domestic abuse, including most recently a Utah woman allegedly killed by her husband while the family was on a cruise. Earlier this summer, a mother and one of her sons were gunned down by a man she'd dated, who then killed himself.

Experts say victims of domestic violence ask themselves how they could have prevented the abuse and what might have helped them recognize it sooner, before it - and the relationship - became entrenched. Even if they do recognize it early, they may wonder what to do.

The answers to such seemingly straightforward questions are complex for those trying to carefully pick their way through the landmine of intimate-partner abuse.

Lopez hadn't been raised in an abusive home. She didn't know what it was at first, or how to handle it. "It can be a slow process recognizing it and a lot of psychological abuse can happen before it becomes physical abuse," she told the Deseret News.

Kathleen Lopez at her American Fork offices on Tuesday, Aug. 1, 2017. | Scott G Winterton, Deseret News
What's happening to me?
Many factors prevent people from recognizing early signs that someone is or will become abusive to an intimate partner.

"People forget that it didn't start bad: a date, a dinner, let me get your coat and hit you in the face," said Stephanie Nilva, who runs Day One, a group in New York City committed to preventing dating and domestic abuse. "It is good in the beginning and people love each other. Things that can become abusive can be mistaken for intense attraction and obsession."

That early intense attraction can be a warning sign, too. When someone you've been dating for two weeks wants you to himself, "flattering and disturbing get mixed up," she said.

A partner who lies, is jealous of your family and friends, acts possessive, blames others for his or her own behavior, wants to know where you are or who you're with, tries to move the relationship forward too quickly, doesn't want to introduce you to his family and friends, criticizes or blows up gives off red flags that shouldn't be ignored, said Angela McIlveen, a family law attorney in Gastonia, North Carolina.

Self-awareness early in a relationship is a good prevention tool. If a relationship makes you feel uneasy, unsafe, anxious, judged or blamed, it's not a relationship to pursue. And once kids and pets and shared finances are part of the picture, it's much harder to extricate oneself, said psychologist Jude Miller Burke of Phoenix, author of " The Adversity Advantage: Turn Your Childhood Hardship into Career and Life Success."

When abuse feels familiar, it's also hard to spot. Someone who grew up in a turbulent household may not know what a healthy relationship looks like, thinking it happens in all relationships. Those who haven't had relationship experience may not have anything to compare it to, so they don't see belittling, isolating or even slapping as aberrant. That pattern can be perpetuated from generation to generation, putting one's children at risk, too.

Adverse childhood experiences (called ACEs in research), including domestic abuse and seeing a parent treated badly during one's childhood, may create lifetime risk factors. The more ACEs a child accumulates, the greater the risk of suicide, homelessness, criminal justice involvement, chronic health problems and falling victim to domestic abuse or possibly becoming abusive as an adult.

What is probably the biggest barrier to spotting potential for abuse early on, though, is an abuser typically hides behind a façade of public charm, said Nancy Virden, a mental health and recovery advocate and founder of Always the Fight Ministries in Cleveland. "Abusers believe they are right and entitled to admiration. Publicly, they present as put-together, fit into the environment around them and often pass as the nicest, if not the most honest, guy in the room."

That charm makes it easy to court someone. Virden says it may morph into power and control over a partner.

Domestic violence happens across a spectrum with various "real and dangerous" types of abuse, not just obvious, outright violence, said Jenn Oxborrow, executive director of the Utah Domestic Violence Coalition. In most cases, the victim is a woman, the abuser a man, but that can be reversed and abuse also sometimes occurs in same-sex relationships.

When a partner puts down people you love or your career or your passions, it shouldn't be brushed off, she warned. "There are many early warning signs of abuse that can escalate pretty quickly. You need to get out," she said. Any dynamic in a relationship that gives one person power and control over the other is abusive, she added.

Burke lists a "lack of sympathy" as another red flag that someone might be or become abusive.

Someone who sees early red flags should hit the brakes or at least slow things down until issues are resolved. Once abuse starts, "you need to go to your own counselor - and only one who is an expert with anger management and domestic violence." Not all counselors and therapists understand the dynamics of domestic violence or what to do about it.
Recognizable patterns
While it may be hard to spot the warning signs and details vary between couples, the pattern of domestic violence is predictable. After an abusive incident, "the cycle of domestic abuse includes apologies and excuse-making," Virden said. "A spouse who believes this so-called repentance will also apologize and excuse the abuse. It can take a long time to realize it's an unending pattern."

If abuse was obvious early on, people would leave before they were fully invested in a shared life. But it's never that straightforward. Initially, bad behavior is blamed on a bad day or too much stress or a rough patch at work, for example.

"You see this cycle once, you'll probably see it twice. You see it twice, I guarantee you are going to see it a third time," said Jennifer Ponce, prevention education manager from Laura's House, a domestic violence agency in Ladera Ranch, California. "It's so dangerous. Little by little, that honeymoon phase starts disappearing."

Ponce said it takes an average of seven times before someone actually leaves an established abusive relationship.

That number would not surprise Susan, a Salt Lake area woman who met her husband when both were in their late 20s; she's now in her early 60s and asked that her real name not be used.

Her husband wore a tie, worked every day and was even somewhat chivalrous in manner. The first inkling she had of his temper occurred when one of his dogs got loose. He dragged it home and threw it down the stairs. When she objected, he apologized and said he was just upset.

"I could have said, 'That's a sign. Steer clear.' I didn't. I was in love," she said.

She married him. Once, they were teasing each other as they hiked and he pushed her "a little hard." She thought it odd, but didn't dwell on it.

Fast forward five years. They had a child. They had a good life. But he got really upset when their water bed broke. She helped him clean it up and made up the foldaway in the den. Later, lying there, she said, "You were so angry. I've never seen you like that. What was the deal?" It would be the first of several times over decades of marriage that he punched her.

A couple of friends in whom she confided told her that such abuse was so out of character for him. She realized they weren't sure if they believed her. She healed physically and kind of wished it away, embarrassed and unsure how to address it. "He seldom said sorry. He barely acknowledged it happened."

She was careful not to set him off, as if it was her problem, and they went on. "When I kept it private between the two of us, I became a co-conspirator," she said. When the kids were grown, she left. She convinced herself her children didn't know what was going on until later. She's not sure it's true, though. Between the incidents, the couple had "built a good life together, including community relationships, a nice house, the trappings of success."

When she left, he gave her an embrace: "We did a good job," he told her. "We lasted a long time."

The problem, as Susan sees it, is the person being abused often doesn't know what's normal in a relationship. "If I were to counsel anyone, I would say that when you question whether something's OK or not, it's really not OK. If you want a relationship to last, you have to deal with it as soon as possible."
Bucking perception
Even individuals who figure out that their relationships are unhealthy struggle with what to do next. When an abused person confides in friends or seeks help, it's not uncommon to be disbelieved, as Susan was. Shared friends are doubtful and sometimes dismissive, experts say, because the abuser's charming façade is convincing and the victim may seem nervous, scattered, even untruthful. Virden said the problem extends beyond the circle of friends and family to religious leaders, even marriage counselors and in court.

Oxborrow tells what happened to a woman whose partner had stabbed and strangled her. In court, she kept laughing. "People not working with domestic violence might not understand that," said Oxborrow. "It's a limbic response to trauma. She was not in control of that response. She certainly didn't think it was funny. It was her nervous reaction to being in the same room with him."

Couples counseling is largely ineffective for that very reason - the person "in control" may be able to manipulate perceptions in that setting, too. Experts say counseling is important, but the abuse victim needs to find an expert trained in domestic violence and get individual help.

The more signs of abuse there are, the more important safety planning becomes with a trained victim advocate. Even when one is not ready to leave the relationship, someone trained in domestic violence can help plan. Well-meaning friends may actually make things worse, said Oxborrow, who noted, "When we help someone plan by telling them to go to a friend or neighbor, in fact we could be putting that person at risk, too."

Experts know that domestic violence is a complicated crime, she said. It's not like being hit by a drunk driver or experiencing a bank robbery. "Those are random things. This is intentional, done by someone you've known and loved and trusted who is using that love and trust for personal gain and control. It's complex psychologically. Working with a trained victim advocate who understands the complexity of that is really important to get survivors engaged in planning for their own safety."

Most communities have trained victim advocates to help someone navigate to safety. They've worked with trauma survivors. They know how to help with emergency shelter, emergency child care and later housing. They know what it takes to heal and recover, Oxborrow said.
Before it starts
Day One, Nilva's New York City group, aims for prevention. It works with teens to stop dating abuse and domestic violence through a combination of education, support services, legal advocacy and leadership development.

Nilva and others talk to adolescents in middle and high school about what a healthy relationship looks like. They pick apart what jealousy is and how to respond to it. That early learning is the best way to avoid perpetrating or enduring an abusive relationship, she said.

They tell young people it's not appropriate that someone wants to check your phone to see who you've been talking to. It's not all right when someone gets mad or abusive because you didn't answer a text quick enough. The kids learn to spot blame shifting and irrational behavior.

They're not just trying to help young people recognize warnings for abuse in relationships; they also hope education can stop young people from growing into perpetrators by teaching them how to have healthy relationships. Patterns become more entrenched with adults and Nilva said efforts to treat batterers are "disheartening," compared to prevention.

California-based Laura's House has a teen program that's all about healthy relationships and abuse prevention, "so kids know what's normal," too. "The goal is to arm kids so in relationships they recognize red flags immediately for verbal, psychological, financial and physical abuse," said Ponce.

If they aren't sure, teens learn they can talk to someone trained in domestic violence, "someone like me who can lay out what a relationship should look like," Ponce said.

They teach the elements of a healthy relationship: love, trust, respect and safety. "If at any point you don't feel loved, you don't feel trusted, you don't feel respected and safe, those are the times you can start planning to leave. And those are what you should be looking for in a relationship," Ponce said.

"What is important for victims to know is that there is the other side" of abuse, said Virden. "Myriads of people have been there and will walk a survivor through all the painful mess."

Individuals in an abusive relationship can get free, confidential help and support, as can domestic violence survivors, by calling 1-800-897-5465 or by visiting udvc.org.

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Why it is so hard to spot domestic abuse early on and what to do once you see it

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In the early stages of a relationship, everyone is on their best behavior. Later, it's hard to believe someone you love is abusive and a lot of that behavior gets excused as simply a sign of a bad day. But it's dangerous and will get worse.

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女性最危险场所是住家 逾半受害者遭熟人杀害 - BBC News 中文

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提起家，人们往往想到是温馨的避风躲雨之地。是这样吗？根据联合国毒品与犯罪机构（UNODC）最新发布的统计报告，每一天世界各地都有137名女性被自己的伴侣或亲人杀害。

2017年，世界上共有87,000名女性丧生，其中半数以上死于她们最亲近的人之手：大约3万人死于她们的丈夫或男友，约两万人死于其他家庭成员。

在这些统计数字背后，隐藏着哪些骇人听闻的事实呢？BBC"百名巾帼"项目研究了今年10月1日那一天中，世界各地发生的女性被男性亲友杀害的事件，发现了这些事实是如何被披露出来的。

联合国毒品与犯罪机构的报告显示，男性在杀人犯罪中死亡的人数是女性的4倍，但是在家庭或情侣杀人案中死去的女性比例却特别引人注目，10个受害者中就有8个是女性。报告说，"家暴对女性的残害格外严重。"

图像加注文字，

2017年，世界各地死亡女性58%都是被自己的伴侣或家人杀害的。

家庭暴力

联合国的这份2017年统计报告，是基于各国政府提供的信息。在家暴事件中死去的女性数字是根据与情侣／家庭暴力相关的罪案收集的。

BBC"百名巾帼"项目采集并研究了2018年10月1日这一天世界各地的女性被害的报道。我们的地区有关专家发现，这天在世界21个国家内有47名女性死于与家暴相关的事件中，其中大多数案件仍然在调查中。

以下5起案件最初由地方媒体报道，BBC得到当地警方的证实。

10月1日,星期一，Judith和她的妹妹Nancy一起到地里干活，收割高粱。

Judith是3个孩子的母亲，最近刚与丈夫 Laban Kamuren 分居，打算回到位于肯尼亚北方的娘家村庄去。

当两姐妹开始在地里干活，Judith 的丈夫也来了，向Judith施以暴力，当着妹妹的面将其杀害。当地警察说，后来，Judith的丈夫也被村里人杀死。

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非洲是女性因家暴而死亡风险最大的地区。

联合国的这份报告说，从比率上看，非洲女性因家暴而死亡的风险最大，每10万中有3.1人被伴侣或家人杀害。

不过在2017年，因家暴死亡的女性数字最多的地区是亚洲，多达两万人。

Neha Sharad Chaudury 在她18岁生日当天被杀害，涉嫌死于所谓的"荣誉谋杀"。

那天，她曾与自己的男友一起出去庆生。当地警方对 BBC 说，Neha 的父母极力反对这段恋情。她父母和另一个男性亲友被指控当天晚上杀害了Neha。

此案仍然在调查中，这3个人在关押中听候审判。BBC从代表这3名嫌疑人的律师那里得知，他们都准备否认杀人指控。

每年，世界上都有数以百计的人因堕入爱河或违背家人意愿而结婚死去。此类所谓"荣誉谋杀"案常常因缺乏记录或报告而被官方统计疏漏。

Zeinab Sekaanvan 因谋杀亲夫罪被伊朗当局处死。

她出生于伊朗西北部一个贫穷的传统库尔德人家庭。十几岁时就离家出走，梦想结婚成家过上更好的生活。

国际特赦组织说，不幸的是，她的丈夫十分暴力，而且拒绝离婚。她多次向警方报告家暴，但警方没有进行调查和处理。

她的支持者，包括国际特赦组织说， Zeinab 没有受到公正审判，被警察屈打成招。

联合国毒品与犯罪机构的报告说，那些杀了丈夫或男友的女性，通常都"忍受了长期的家庭暴力"。

该报告说，这些男性表述的杀人动机大多是"占有欲、嫉妒或对被抛弃的恐惧"。在 Zeinab Sekaanvan死去的同一天，在巴西的一位女性似乎正是死在这样男人的手中。

巴西Sandra Lucia Hammer Moura39岁

Sandra Lucia Hammer Moura16岁时就嫁给了Augusto Aguiar Ribeiro。今年这对夫妇分手了，分居5个月之后，Sandra 被丈夫杀害。

当地警方对BBC说，Sandra被刺中脖子。他们发现了其夫在谋杀事件发生后在手机上留下的一段认罪视频。他说，Sandra已经开始与另一个男人约会，他感觉受到背叛。他在视频中还说，他不会被逮捕，他俩作为夫妻将一起升入天堂。之后，他在他俩曾经的卧室上吊自杀。

BBC发现在今年10月1日这天，拉丁美洲发生了14起女性被杀案，在萨尔瓦多就发生了两起。

萨尔瓦多当局对BBC说，今年以来，该国至少已经有300名女性被害。

Marie-Amélie 被她的丈夫Sébastien Vaillat谋杀。

这对夫妇在结婚4年后分居。丈夫用刀刺杀了妻子之后到警察局自首。几天之后，他在关押号房里自杀。

在Marie-Amélie Vaillat的内衣商店外，当地居民摆放了许多鲜花，并组织了纪念她的游行。

就在Marie-Amélie Vaillat被杀的当天，法国政府公布了对付家暴的新措施。

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当地居民组织了纪念 Marie-Amélie Vaillat 的活动。

BBC 通过世界各地的记者、电视、广播和社交媒体，收集到今年10月1日这一天世界上发生的女性因性别原因被害的案件。发现这一天共有47个女性在与性别有关的案件中被杀。

联合国毒品与犯罪机构的这份报告说，大量针对女性的暴力行为"没有向当局报告，还有很多此类暴力案件尚未曝光"。

BBC 有关此项目的负责人Rebecca Skippage 说：" 我们只是看到了一天中世界各地的女性被害案件，但我们为此项目已经努力工作了一个月。我们发现，对这些案件迟滞的报道，对这些案件报道的口气，以及难以获得这些案件的信息，都反映了在世界这些地区女性的地位。"

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女性最危险场所是住家 逾半受害者遭熟人杀害 - BBC News 中文

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提起家，人们往往想到 是温馨的 避风躲雨 之地 。是这样吗？根据联合国毒品与犯罪机构（UNODC）最新发布的统计报告，每一天世界各地都有137名女性被自己的 伴侣或 亲人杀害。 2017年，世界上共有87,000名女性丧生，其中半数以上死于她们最亲近的人之手：大约3万人死于她们的丈夫或男友，约两万人死于其他家庭成员。 ...

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South African women are taking a stand against rape culture

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The recent accusations of rape against DJ Fresh and Euphonik triggered a much-needed conversation on rape culture and its devastating manifestations in South Africa.

Founder and Executive Director of GBV Monitor South Africa

South African women take part in a protest against gender-based violence on November 28, 2020 in Cape Town, South Africa. [Brenton Geach/Gallo Images via Getty Images]

In January, a Johannesburg woman publicly accused popular South African DJs Thato Sikwane, known as DJ Fresh, and Themba Nkosi, known as Euphonik, of drugging and raping her and three other women on a night out in 2011, when she was a second-year student at the University of Pretoria. In a tweet, Siphelele Madikizela explained that she was so inebriated at the time of the alleged attack that she is not certain whether both men or just one of them raped her, and added that they both laughed about it the following morning saying that the women were so drunk they kept "blacking out".

Both Euphonik and DJ Fresh denied the accusations, and their supporters and fans swiftly branded the alleged victim an "attention seeker" and "a liar" on social media. While the woman received some support from several activists and social media influencers, who said they believed her, many others dismissed her claims and put their support behind the two men.

Despite the many attacks she faced, the victim stood by her statement and filed an official complaint against the two DJs a month later.

On February 15, South Africa's National Prosecuting Authority (NPA) announced its decision not to prosecute the case due to insufficient evidence. The NPA decision, which was not an acquittal but an assessment that "there are no prospects of successful prosecution on the available evidence", further emboldened the accused. They issued a joint statement celebrating the move, and doubled down on their claims that their accuser is "lying".

This, however, is not the end of the road for the alleged victim. The NPA decision neither nullified her accusations nor ascertained the innocence of the accused men. She can still demand a review of the NPA decision or opt for private prosecution provisioned under Section 7 of the Criminal Procedures Act. Pursuing these options may create favourable conditions to secure a trial and encourage other victims to come forward to bolster the case.

Moreover, even though she did not yet succeed in bringing DJ Fresh and Euphonik in front of a judge, the woman already achieved a lot by speaking up against these two powerful figures in the entertainment industry.

Although a final assessment of the case before a court may be in the future, the accusations, and the campaign of harassment directed at the alleged victim that followed, ignited a much-needed conversation in South Africa about rape culture and its many devastating manifestations.

Many women, including myself, who are familiar with the university party scene in South Africa, did not find the woman's account of the events that led to her alleged rape surprising. University students regularly attend alcohol and drug-fuelled parties alongside popular DJs, celebrities and other elites, and at times find themselves being coerced into sexual encounters with these men that they would not consent to if they were sober. Men pressure young women to drink to the point of blacking out, or even drug them without their knowledge, and go on to sexually assault them. Sadly, society often considers these encounters as consensual and the women do not speak up or press charges, as they fear they would be accused of lying or being promiscuous.

By publicly speaking about her ordeal, the accuser has put these issues under a spotlight. While she received much fury and vitriol for pointing the finger at these two popular media personalities, she also managed to attract attention to an issue often swept under the carpet in discussions on rape and sexual abuse: powerful, popular men accused of abusing young women with impunity.

Indeed, many assume successful men loved and respected by society cannot also be rapists. The accusations of abuse and rape levelled against such men, especially by women who willingly entertained or even dated them, are readily dismissed as lies or blackmailing attempts. However, as author Robin Warsaw put into sharp focus in her book I Never Called It Rape, "rape that occurs on dates or between people who know each other should not be seen as some sort of misguided sexual adventure: rape is violence, not seduction".

We should all acknowledge this fact and act accordingly if we are to rid society of rape culture and all its manifestations. And hopefully, the discussions triggered by the accusations against the two DJs, are going to bring us a little bit closer to this goal.

The accusation of rape they recently faced also had some direct, material consequences for DJ Fresh and Euphonik. Primedia Broadcasting, the parent company of the 947 Radio Station, where both DJs worked, first suspended their contracts and later announced their dismissal.

The decision was undoubtedly motivated by the company's desire to protect its public image and distance itself from any allegations of rape. Whatever the motivation, however, it demonstrated that companies and cooperations now feel they cannot ignore allegations of sexual misconduct and abuse, even when they are directed at some of their most popular and profit-generating employees. Moreover, it showed that even the most powerful men cannot avoid facing consequences when the women they allegedly abused bravely speak up.

In recent years, many powerful men in South Africa have been held to account for their predatory behaviour after multiple women found the courage to publicly accuse them of sexual misconduct and abuse. In 2020, Kaya FM Station Manager, Greg Maloka, resigned from his position following sexual harassment allegations levelled against him by four different women. He resigned without clearing his name, leaving the allegations alive and possible closure for his victims elusive.

In 2015, former tennis star Bob Hewitt was sentenced to eight years' imprisonment after being found guilty of two counts of rape and one count of sexual assault. The charges stemmed from testimonies given by three women who Hewitt coached in the 1980s and 1990s. In his verdict, presiding Judge Bert Bam highlighted the striking similarities among the three women's testimonies which he said demonstrated a calculated conduct by Hewitt.

A similar fate may even await DJ Fresh and Euphonik, who have faced several other allegations of gender-based violence and sexual impropriety prior to the rape accusation that was levelled against them in January.

It is still not easy for women to publicly accuse powerful men of sexual abuse and misconduct. However, the times are changing - more and more women are refusing to be intimidated into silence by their powerful abusers and their supporters. I am hopeful that, thanks to their bravery and strength, we will soon rid our society of rape culture and hold to account all the celebrities and other elites who for too long abused women with impunity.
The views expressed in this article are the author's own and do not necessarily reflect Al Jazeera's editorial stance.

Founder and Executive Director of GBV Monitor South Africa

Omogolo Taunyane is a media practitioner with an interest in the intersection of gender, politics and class in South Africa. She's the Founder and Executive Director of GBV Monitor South Africa, an NPO advocating for the eradication of violence against women, children and LGBTQIA persons.

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South African women are taking a stand against rape culture

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The recent accusations of rape against DJ Fresh and Euphonik triggered a much-needed conversation on rape culture and its devastating manifestations in South Africa.

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In Japan, coronavirus crisis traps families at home with domestic abuse

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In Japan, coronavirus crisis traps families at home with domestic abuse

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Amid a spate of suspicious deaths and the launch of a national domestic violence hotline, experts are warning that the worst could be yet to come.

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Polygamy Is Not Just African, It Is Human Nature - Instagram Celebrity, Oyemykke Claims

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Controversial social media user, Abisoye Olukoya Michael better known as Oyemykke, has opined that polygamy is a mere human nature like any other nature and not African.
He disagreed with the principles of the Bible that forbids men from marrying two or more women in relationships. He sounded passionate about polygamy as he said you can marry up to 10 spouses if you like which goes both ways for the two genders.

Taking to his Twitter page, he wrote:
Polygamy is not just African, Polygamy is Human. Anybody can practice polygamy Man/ Woman and that's also fine. Christianity / Jealousy / Balance are huge factors to why Jealousy is frowned upon today ! So my dear, If you want to marry 10 partners just do it forget story.
See post below:

Polygamy is not just African , Polygamy is Human.
Anybody can practice polygamy Man/ Woman and that's also fine. Christianity / Jealousy / Balance are huge factors to why Jealousy is frowned upon today ! So my dear, If you want to marry 10 partners just do it forget story. https://t.co/WBHLfUYTZ4
- oyèmykke (@Oyemykkee) August 9, 2020

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Polygamy Is Not Just African, It Is Human Nature - Instagram Celebrity, Oyemykke Claims

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Controversial social media user, Abisoye Olukoya Michael better known as Oyemykke, has opined that polygamy is a mere human nature like any other nature and not African. He disagreed with the principles of the Bible that forbids men from marrying two or more women in relationships.

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The American Journal of Public Health (AJPH) from the American Public Health Association (APHA) publications

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The American Journal of Public Health (AJPH) from the American Public Health Association (APHA) publications

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The American Journal of Public Health (AJPH) from the American Public Health Association (APHA)

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非洲家暴接受情况令人堪忧，贫困地区更认为家暴合理，女性地位低

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这些调查结果来自34个国家，该分析基于一个特殊的性别平等调查模块。报告还将审查公众对性别平等的支持、政府在妇女权利方面的表现以及教育、就业、关键资产控制和技术获取方面持续存在的性别差距。

调查数据显示，约71%的非洲人认为男人打妻子"没有正当理由"，28%（包括24%的妇女）认为打妻子"有时"或"总是"合理的。在中非和西非以及没有受过正规教育的受访者中，对暴力侵害妇女行为的接受尤其普遍。

在尼日尔(60%)、马里(58%)、几内亚(58%)、喀麦隆(53%)和布基纳法索(53%)，大多数人还认为家庭暴力是可以接受的做法。相反，在佛得角、马达加斯加、埃斯瓦蒂尼和马拉维，只有20%的受访者愿意支持家庭暴力。

在大多数国家，妇女比男子更反对殴打妻子，但在利比里亚和尼日尔，妇女和男子对暴力侵害妇女行为的接受程度差异不大。在中部(46%)和西非(40%)，接受家庭暴力的情况是非洲大陆北部(17%)、东部(16%)和南部(14%)地区的两倍多。

没有受过正规教育的公民（41%）赞成殴打妻子的可能性明显高于受过小学、中学或中学后教育的公民（23%至25%）。年轻人（29%至18岁的人）比他们的长辈（25%至27%）更拒绝接受家庭暴力。

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非洲家暴接受情况令人堪忧，贫困地区更认为家暴合理，女性地位低

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这些调查结果来自34个国家，该分析基于一个特殊的性别平等调查模块。报告还将审查公众对性别平等的支持、政府在妇女权利方面的表现以及教育、就业、关键资产控制和技术获取方面持续存在的性别差距。 调查数据显示，约71%的非洲人认为男人打妻子"没有正当理由"，28%（包括24%的妇女）认为打妻子"有时"或"总是"合理的。在中非和西非以及没有受过正规教育的受访者中，对暴力侵害妇女行为的接受尤其普遍。 ...

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With the research I found that domestic violence is often difficult to find in time, I studied the Brazilian artist Nele Azevedo, his works by using the principle of ice melts, it gave me great inspiration, I put the clay model is frozen in the ice of dyed red ink, and then record ice melt, the process of clay model is ambiguous in ice at first, Until the ice melts to reveal the model of a man strangling his wife, the melted red ice looks like blood. Domestic violence often has serious consequences when it is discovered.

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Description

In the midst of the pandemic, femicides and domestic violence cases reached alarming numbers. The Puerto Rico Section of Amnesty International (AIPR), a worldwide movement of people fighting against human rights abuses, decided to put the distressing data in front of the people to compel action. The result was The Bloody Data, a shocking campaign highlighting the statistical data on women who have bled from femicides in Puerto Rico during 2020. The campaign launched on November 25, International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women. The twist? Menstrual blood remains a taboo in Puerto Rico and is considered by many to be repulsive. Still the bloodshed of women due to violence doesn't generate such disgust. Amnesty presents de data using menstrual pads, cup and tampons, challenging viewers to rethink their bias and direct outrage to the only blood that should be disgusting: the blood spilled by gender violence.
The campaign lived in print, outdoor, social media and www.thebloodydata.com, a website were ultimately you could sign a petition calling for an official stance from Puerto Rico's government against gender violence.
The petition gathered hundreds of signatures and attracted support in more than 25 countries around the world and grabbed the attention of newspapers and online media. Two months after its launch, Governor Pedro Pierluisi declared a State of Emergency for Gender Violence in Puerto Rico. The executive order prioritizes gender issues in all government agencies, calling for the implementation of comprehensive sexual education with gender perspective, a deep change in the police and judicial system to serve victims with dignity and allocates money from the national budget to address gender violence.

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In the midst of the pandemic, femicides and domestic violence cases reached alarming numbers. The Puerto Rico Section of Amnesty International (AIPR), a worldwide movement of people fighting against human rights abuses, decided to put the distressing data in front of the people to compel action.

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Print advertisement created by Cheil, Romania for Anais Association, within the category: Public Interest, NGO.

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Print advertisement created by Coming Soon, Portugal for Josefinas, within the category: Fashion.

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Print advertisement created by Propeg, Brazil for Government of the State of Ceará, within the category: Public Interest, NGO.

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Print advertisement created by Cramer-Krasselt, United States for Sojourner Family Peace Center, within the category: Public Interest, NGO.

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Print advertisement created by FP7, Oman for Al Mar'a, within the category: Public Interest, NGO.

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Print advertisement created by TBWA, United Arab Emirates for City of Hope, within the category: Public Interest, NGO.

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50 amazing snow and ice sculptures from around the world

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50 amazing snow and ice sculptures from around the world

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Ice sculptures have a rich history, and evidence suggests people may have been carving ice as early as 600 B.C. Stacker rounded up 50 amazing snow and ice sculptures around the world, featuring artists growing increasingly creative with the medium.

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Let`s have a look at the art works that can give us freshness and even freeze us. Here we present six artists who use ice and snow as their creative media.

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Ice Work: Azuma Makoto on Creating Flower Sculptures for Sotheby's

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J apanese flower artist and botanical sculptor Azuma Makoto has been creating incredible sculptures using hundreds of thousands of flowers since 2002. He co-founded the floral atelier Jardins des Fleurs with the photographer Shunsuke Shiinoki and made headlines in 2014 when he launched a bonsai tree into space. As part of the Art of the Season, Sotheby's commissioned him to create a stunning ice flower sculpture that took pride of place at both the Collectors' Dinner and the Impressionist and Modern Art cocktail. We caught up with him to hear what inspires him and to find out how he created the piece for Sotheby's.

Sotheby's: How long have you been making flower ice sculptures?

Azuma Makoto : I had an exhibition called Iced Flowers in Tokyo in January 2015 and it was the first time I make this type of ice sculpture with enclosed flowers in it. And I also did a collaboration with Dries Van Noten in September 2016 for his 2017 S/S collection runway in Paris.

S: Where did the inspiration first come from to put flowers in ice?

AM: I created an experimental work in 2007 called SHIKI2 using ice that had a Bonsai pine tree installed in it. Since then I have been thinking about what would happen if flowers were installed in ice and I was really curious about it. I'm always seeking to capture new ways of portraying the beauty in flowers/plants and to express it at an artistic level that no one have never seen before. "Iced Flowers" capture not only their beauty but also their "time" and moment.

S: Can you tell us a bit about the process?

AM: For the Sotheby's flowers I went to the New Covent Garden flower market to purchase local flowers in the UK and then started to make the piece at the Ice factory. I put the "flower bouquet" into a small "pool" and kept it in ice for a week.

S: What was the inspiration behind the pieces you produced for Sotheby's?

AM: I wanted to create something new that's different from my previous Iced Flowers pieces.

I talked with the team at Sotheby's about the theme of the art pieces and I suggested creating something that had a "Garden" atmosphere, using both British and Japanese flowers mixed together. Very sensitive, sophisticated with positive colour variations that feel like the arrival of a brilliant summer time. This piece is to be used at the Collectors' Dinner so I thought it would be nice to make joyful feelings.

S: How long did it take to produce the pieces?

AM: It took over a month for production. Since the factory has a limited number of the "pools" we couldn't create them all at the same time so we did little by little. As a result, we could carefully work and concentrate on each of the details.

S: What has been the biggest project you have undertaken to date?

AM: I have done many types of works, installations, collaborations and exhibitions so I couldn't choose one. But one of my well-known projects was Exobiotanica. I launched the flower bouquet and Bonsai piece up to the stratosphere in 2014 from the desert in Nevada. This was part of the "In Bloom" project, in which I create flower installations in environments where plants usually cannot survive.

S: What has the reaction been like to the pieces you create?

AM: Not only through this project but in all of my all art works, I always wish to bring people new aspects of flowers. Sometimes people say my work shows a darker side of what flower art pieces can be as I use not only blooming flowers but also decaying ones. I think that it is because I am always conscious of the concepts of "life" and "death".

AM: Every flower and plant has its own cycle; bloom, wither, and then turn to manure for the next lives. Whichever moment you take from the process from birth to death, its expression is rich and beautiful, and I believe that it attracts people's mind without fail. Life and death exist next to each other, and I think that is where the beauty comes from. I continue to confront flowers in order to capture the ultimate beauty.

S: What other projects do you have coming up that you can tell us about?

AM: We will have Exobiotanica2 and the Deep sea project in August. Exobiotanica2 is the same as before but this time we will launch even bigger flower sculptures up to the stratosphere from Nevada. We are also trying to bring flowers under the deep sea at the end of August, which is in Japan. We will install flowers in many types of environment and would like to capture the new possibilities and beauty.

We also created Botanical Animation Story of Flowers with London based illustrator Katie Scott and animator James Paulley, and it was developed for kids to show the lifecycle of flowers. We will bring this animation to Kew garden from September to October and it will be great to show it to so many people in UK. You can currently watch it on our YouTube channel and website. Also, we will publish our book Encyclopaedia of Flowers International Version at the end of 2017 or in spring 2018, with Thames and Hudson.
#ArtOfTheSeason

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Ice Work: Azuma Makoto on Creating Flower Sculptures for Sotheby's

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Japanese flower artist and botanical sculptor Azuma Makoto has been creating incredible sculptures using hundreds of thousands of flowers since 2002. He co-founded the floral atelier Jardins des Fleurs with the photographer Shunsuke Shiinoki and made headlines in 2014 when he launched a bonsai tree"u2026

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A Frozen Installation by Azuma Makoto Preserves a Vibrant Floral Arrangement in Ice

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Japanese artist Azuma Makoto ( previously) is known for shifting the contexts in which we typically view florals-think encasing bouquets in blocks of ice or suspending them in the stratosphere-through installations and designs that blur the boundaries between art and botany. Shown here is a 2018 project titled " Frozen Flowers" from Makoto's In Bloom series. The undertaking brought the artist to Notsuke Peninsula in Hokkaido where he doused open blossoms and greenery in water. Positioned against the stark, snowy landscape, the resulting arrangement is frozen in its original splendor, allowing the vibrancy of the flowers to peek through the icicles.

"The place where this installation was held in Hokkaido is also called the end of the world since blighted pine trees are usually spread out there and that place freezes over in winter," says Makoto's studio. "It was the series of how Azuma pursued unknown possibilities of flowers and how flowers express themselves under this condition."

More images and a short video of Makoto's process are available on his site, and you can follow his latest works on Instagram. (via The Jealous Curator)

Do stories and artists like this matter to you? Become a Colossal Member and support independent arts publishing. Join a community of like-minded readers who are passionate about contemporary art, help support our interview series, gain access to partner discounts, and much more. Join now!

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A Frozen Installation by Azuma Makoto Preserves a Vibrant Floral Arrangement in Ice

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Japanese artist Azuma Makoto (previously) is known for shifting the contexts in which we typically view florals-think encasing bouquets in blocks of ice or suspending them in the stratosphere-through installations and designs that blur the boundaries between art and botany. Shown here is a 2018 proj

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Artist Richard Shilling is creating a large scale piece of work for Lakes Alive 2017

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Artist Richard Shilling is creating a large scale piece of work for Lakes Alive 2017

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Artist Richard Shilling is creating a large scale piece of work for Lakes Alive 2017

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Simon Beck - The Snow Artist on the First Day of Winter | Canada Goose

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Simon Beck - The Snow Artist on the First Day of Winter | Canada Goose

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Ice Watch * Artwork * Studio Olafur Eliasson

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Eliasson and Minik Rosing installed 'Ice Watch' in City Hall Square, Copenhagen, from 26 to 29 October 2014 to mark the publication of the UN IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report on Climate Change. Twelve large blocks of ice that had calved from the Greenlandic ice sheet were harvested from a fjord outside Nuuk and brought to the centre of Copenhagen. Video by Anders Drug Jordan / Underground Channel.
Watch on soe.tv ⤶

In 2015 choreographer Steen Koerner, an expert in street dance and slow-motion movement, performed a quiet intervention in the circle of twelve blocks of glacial ice that Eliasson brought to the Place du Panthéon, in Paris, to draw attention to the melting of Arctic ice.
Watch on soe.tv ⤶

Olafur and Studio Wayne McGregor at Ice Watch London, 2018

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Ice Watch * Artwork * Studio Olafur Eliasson

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Official website of Olafur Eliasson and his studio: Ice Watch * Artwork * Studio Olafur Eliasson

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minimum monument

Minimum Monument is an urban art action in public spaces, created by Brazilian artist Nele Azevedo. Since 2005, Azevedo has been setting up her Minimum Monument in several countries around the world.

The project is a critical reading of the monument in the contemporary cities. It consists of thousands of ice sculptures that are taken to central places in cities and with help from the passers-by, are left to melt. The sculptures are tiny men and women, 20 cm tall.

In a few-minute action, the official canons of the monument are inverted: in the place of the hero, the anonym; in the place of the solidity of the stone, the ephemeral process of the ice; in the place of the monument scale, the minimum scale of the perishable bodies.

The project started with solitary figures, later a multitude of small sculptures of ice were placed in public spaces of several cities. The memory is inscribed in the photographic image and shared by everyone. It is not reserved to great heroes nor to great monuments. It loses its static condition to gain fluidity in the urban displacement and in the change of state of the water. It concentrates on small sculptures of small men, the common men. Although originally intended as a critic of the role of monuments in cities, environmentalists around the world are adopting her work as climate change art.

As the work has open reading Néle has created the Minimum Monument thinking of proposing another monument, a monument against the grain that takes into account the history of the defeated, the anonymous, to bring to light our mortal condition. She also thought about it as undertaking the occupation of public space. But it has encountered a worldwide issue, that is the environmental issue - that has become the most disseminated subject for the last years - therefore is has been understood as an alert to the dangerous threat of global warming as well, along with the consequent disappearance of human kind from the planet. Its kinship with that subject is evident.

Since 2009, when the intervention took place in Berlin with the support WWF, the Minimum Monument has presented as directly linked to global warming. Its affinity with the theme is clear and I think it can also be read as a "living monument" of contemporary issues, arousing interest beyond the contemporary art circuit.

Today, Néle's believe the Minimum Monument answers to two questions:

​

1- The issue of global warming and the threatens posed by climate change on the planet that shows us an interdependence between different humans and puts us all in the same condition and in the face of a planetary urgency. This urgency requires a paradigm shift in the development of governments of all nations to think of another model of development outside the current level of consumption. These threats also finally put Western man in his place, his fate is along with the destiny of the planet, he is not the "king" of nature, but a constituent element of it. We are nature.

2 - The issue of celebratory historical / celebration. The Minimum Monument also proposes another way of celebrating public memory on commemorative historical dates, such as in Belfast, Northern Ireland where the Minimum Monument was called to honor the victims of the Titanic and in Birmingham in England (2014) in commemoration of the centenary of the First World War.

Minimum Monument began as the object of master dissertation research in 2003. 'An aesthetic proposal of the minimum inserted as a monument in the city'. The axis of poetic discussion and reflection is the intersection between local history and public monuments.

the journey of minimum monument

photos

videos

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minimum monument Minimum Monument is an urban art action in public spaces, created by Brazilian artist Nele Azevedo. Since 2005, Azevedo has been setting up her Minimum Monument in several countries around the world. The project is a critical reading of the monument in the contemporary cities.

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ENG videos monumento mínimo | neleazevedo

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ENG videos monumento mínimo | neleazevedo