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The Battle of Ayacucho was the decisive military encounter that secured independence for Peru and effectively ended Spanish colonial rule in South America. Antonio José de Sucre led patriot forces to victory over the Spanish army, marking the end of the continental independence wars.

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September 7, 1822: Brazilian Independence

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September 7, 1822: Brazilian Independence

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Unlike other Latin American independence movements, Brazil's break from Portugal was relatively peaceful. Prince Pedro declared Brazil's independence on the banks of the Ipiranga River with the famous 'Cry of Ipiranga.' This unique transition resulted in Brazil becoming an empire rather than a republic.

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September 15, 1821: Central American Independence

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September 15, 1821: Central American Independence

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The Act of Independence of Central America was signed in Guatemala City, declaring independence from Spain for the entire Captaincy General of Guatemala, which included present-day Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. This peaceful transition to independence was unique in Latin America.

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July 28, 1821: Peruvian Declaration of Independence

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July 28, 1821: Peruvian Declaration of Independence

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José de San Martín declared Peru's independence in Lima's Plaza Mayor. As one of the last Spanish strongholds in South America, Peru's independence was crucial to the success of the continental independence movement. San Martín proclaimed 'Peru is free and independent by the general will of the people.'

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Simón Bolívar led patriot forces to a decisive victory over Spanish royalists at the Battle of Boyacá. This crucial battle secured independence for New Granada (modern-day Colombia) and marked a turning point in the South American independence movements. The victory opened the way for Bolívar to liberate other regions.

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July 5, 1811: Venezuelan Declaration of Independence

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July 5, 1811: Venezuelan Declaration of Independence

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Venezuela became the first South American colony to declare complete independence from Spain. The declaration was signed in the Casa de la Sociedad Patriótica in Caracas, led by Francisco de Miranda and supported by Simón Bolívar. This bold move inspired other colonies to follow suit.

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September 18, 1810: First Government Junta of Chile

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September 18, 1810: First Government Junta of Chile

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Chile began its path to independence with the establishment of its First National Government Junta in Santiago. Led by Mateo de Toro y Zambrano, this open council meeting at the Royal Court building marked Chile's first step toward self-governance, though full independence wouldn't be achieved until 1818.

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May 25, 1810: May Revolution in Buenos Aires

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May 25, 1810: May Revolution in Buenos Aires

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The May Revolution marked the beginning of Argentina's independence movement. Citizens of Buenos Aires gathered at the Cabildo (town hall) and demanded the removal of Spanish Viceroy Cisneros, establishing the Primera Junta - their first independent government. This event sparked the independence movement throughout South America.