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The First Fleet, a convoy of 11 ships carrying convicts and marines, arrives at Botany Bay. This marked the beginning of European settlement in Australia.

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Captain Arthur Phillip chooses Sydney Cove as the site for the new colony of New South Wales. This site was selected for its water supply and strategic advantage.

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The Second Fleet arrives, bringing much-needed supplies and more convicts. Unlike the First Fleet, this journey was harsh and notorious for its high mortality rate.

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Western Australia is established by Captain James Stirling as a free colony, initially to forestall French claims on the land.

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The discovery of gold in New South Wales and Victoria leads to a huge influx of migrants, significantly increasing the population and wealth of the colonies.

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The six colonies unite to become the Commonwealth of Australia. This marks the beginning of Australia as a nation, although it remained within the British Empire.

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1942: Statute of Westminster Adoption Act

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1942: Statute of Westminster Adoption Act

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Australia formally adopts the Statute of Westminster, an important step towards legal independence, affirming Australia's legislative independence from the UK.

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1967: Aboriginal Australians Gain Rights

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1967: Aboriginal Australians Gain Rights

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A landmark referendum grants the federal government the power to make laws for Aboriginal Australians and include them in the census, advancing civil rights.

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The Australia Act removes the remaining constitutional links between Australia and the UK. It symbolizes full independence, as the British Parliament no longer has any power over Australian law.