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Fact: The participants were not offered available treatments, even after penicillin became widely available.

This is represented in the movie by how Miss Eunice Evers advertises the study to Tuskegee black residents as "free healthcare" and they blindly trust her due to their huge respect for her. When the patients are seriously suffering due to the lack of penicillin, her and the other doctors claim that the Tuskgee study patients would be afflicted with the rare "Herxheimer" reaction.

The play closely follows the stories of the patients whereas the movie places a greater emphasis on Miss Evers' personal battle against her morals, and even closely follows her romance with one of the patients Caleb. This was possibly done to dramatize the movie however in narrating the patients's stories, the play gives a closer look into their raw suffering and helplessness---rightly provoking the audience to be appalled but not surprised at why certain demographics have trust issues with the healthcare system.

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1 Fact : Participants have never been to the doctor before agreeing to be a part of this "study"

2 Representation: Representation of this in the play was not directly mentioned, but this happened during the Great Depression when many families were in poverty, lacking education, and had very minimal medical care.

3 History: The play represents the historical fact or perspective differently than other genres like a history book, the news, or other films because book articles focus more on the wrongdoing of the doctors and how unethical the whole thing was, whereas the play focuses on the patients themselves and how they were. This reminds me of the care and stigma articles, where people focus more on people who are sick or what happened rather than the actual patients.

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In the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, the men were denied treatment for syphilis even after it became widely available.

In "Miss Evers' Boys," the author depicts how penicillin became an effective and available treatment while the study was being conducted, but the researchers actively instilled fear of this treatment in the participants in order to continue with the research.

An example of this is on page 69, the beginning of scene two, where Willie and Caleb go to a treatment center by themselves in order to receive penicillin because they have heard from relatives and others among their community that “bad blood” is being treated with it. Evers then stops them from receiving treatment, arguing that penicillin may kill them. In this scene, we are able to understand how desperate the men are for an improvement in their health; they are even defying Evers, whom they trusted. Eventually they are convinced by the nurse not to take the treatment.

-The play depicts the patients' personal relationships with the medical professionals involved in the study, such as Nurse Evers. Understanding the perspective of medical professionals provides a rationale for why and how the study was conducted over many years, illustrating how both patients and health care providers from the same community were subjected to these conditions, while the play explains how not only the participants but also the nurses were manipulated. Ms. Evers was constantly placed in a dilemma of prioritizing the authority figure of the doctors or the well-being of patients with whom she had a personal connection. She was still learning about syphilis as the study progressed, and her lack of knowledge made her vulnerable to the doctors' advice. When it came to penicillin treatment, the doctors kept giving multiple reasons as to why the Tuskegee men could not receive treatment. She was initially told that it could possibly cause the patients' hearts to "disintegrate" (page 69), and she was later told that the treatment of penicillin was a priority for contagious patients (page 74).

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Theberge-Torres, Katherine A. (Student)

1. Black men were not given informed consent about the experiment testing the effects of syphilis. They were not given treatment as well which resulted in death with some participants.

Theberge-Torres, Katherine A. (Student)

2. Ben Washington was the first participant in the movie portrayal of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study to die due to lack of treatment to fight against the syphilis.

Theberge-Torres, Katherine A. (Student)

3. The play focuses on the romantic interest and connection Miss Ever's forms with her subjects in order to tell the story of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study. The death of Ben Washington provides motivation for Miss Evers to advocate for treatments to the subjects due to him advocating it so heavily to her before he died. The play portrays the tragic effects of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study through the impact it has had on the characters and their relationships with each other. This perspective is differently from research articles like the CDC's "About The Untreated Syphilis Study at Tuskegee" because the movie provides an emotional perspective which makes the audience understand the tragedy on a personal level. This is different from the research article because it only provides factual, non-biased evidence to illustrate how horrific the experiment was rather than try to connect with the audience on a personal level.

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1. In the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, African American men believed they were receiving treatment for "bad blood," through psychological manipulation and trusting the doctors and nurses who reassured them over the years. Unknown to them , a treatment, penicillin was available, but it was deliberately withheld so researchers could observe the disease's progression.

2. In "Miss Evers Boys" the withholding of treatment revealed the deep racial exploitation and dehumanisation of the Tuskegee Study. On page 94, Caleb confronted Dr. Daglous, expressing his anguish over how the doctors had treated Black men like disposable subjects. He asked, "You got any more pigs cookin'? 'Cause if you do, I hope you learned the difference between treatin' and watchin'." This statement emphasises the painful reality that scientific curiosity had been placed above their lives. Dr. Douglas's reluctant admission exposed how Black men were reduced to mere subjects for experiments, perpetuating the stigma surrounding Black health issues. This moment also highlighted the harsh "racial hierarchy" in healthcare, where Black doctors were expected to care for Black patients, while white doctors operated under a different set of standards, reinforcing the systemic racism that isolated the Black community.

3. Willies and Caleb's trust in Miss Evers, followed by their painful realisation of betrayal, had a deep emotional impact on me. The play uses African American colloquialisms in the Black characters’ dialogue to highlight their cultural identity, even amid dehumanisation. Unlike history texts or news articles that present the withholding of penicillin as an ethical violation, the play makes it personal. The dialogue offers intimate insight into the characters' struggles, revealing Miss Evers' growing guilt and the men’s realisation of their exploitation. This makes the failure of ethics feel more emotionally powerful than in other genres.

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Tuskegee was originally designed to provide useful information that could provide and include care for African American with Syphilis. From the articles we can also conclude that relatively good ideas of the healthcare can be easily perverted to issues like discrimination and to a structural system that is very difficult to stop overtime. An example is withholding the penicillin treatment to patients even though it was widely available.

The play introduces this by portraying the withholding of penicillin in a more dramatic and emotional way, while history can simply only use facts in a more objective and only focusing on the historical context; the play introduces characters, dialogue and stage to evoke empathy for the suffering of the participants and it also brings out the moral outrage that was brought up with the study.

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1. If you take a look at the National Archives, Southeastern Region, maintains a list of Tuskegee patient medical files, many of which are patients who were related to each other. This illustrates the perception that these individuals were viewed as contagious and stigmatized for being black. 2. Such idea is reflected in play three of the book when Evers states, " The men were set apart from the thousands that were treated with penicillin and the study continued. 'The Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male' had acquired a life of its own" (Feldshuh 93). 3. Though the book does not directly address the fact that many of these individuals had multiple relatives involved in the case, it does directly challenge another fact that no one was "given" the disease by emphasizing a lot on the character's perceptive. For instead, Caleb periodically defends that they were healthy. Before, they were never aware they had the disease. In fact, they thought they were "bitten by a parakeet", until they were suddenly diagnose with a diseases they themselves lack knowledge of. It sheds light to the question why many individual had suspiciously high amount of family members contracting the diseases, if it known to be, " most high among men who have sex with men." This style of narration greatly differs from other genres of narration because it does not merely leave the reader with conclusions of the case. Rather, it triggers perplexing thoughts and a desire for more of the story.(https://www.cdc.gov/syphilis/about/index.html#:~:text=Am%20I%20at%20risk%20for,active%20people%20to%20stay%20healthy.).

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1. Fact: The Tuskegee Syphilis Study misled African Americans into participation with promise of treatment, but not following through.

2. This is expressed in the play through Miss Eunice Evers and the lies she told the test subject offering "free docterin's" (23) as part of the study fully knowing that was not the intended goal. The study aimed to follow African American men as their syphilis progressed, with no intention of providing treatment, even when it was made widely available.

3. Unlike a book or article, the play Miss Ever's Boys is able to connect with readers through its short spurts of dialogue and quick character shifts. This allows for a smoother flow in conversation that readers can relate to easier than a book. In comparison to a movie, the written script is better for readers because everything is up to the reader's interpretation. Characters and their appearances and attitudes are not predetermined by directors, so everything is in the reader's head.