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There are two main industries that govern by MCMC:
-Telecommunications and broadcasting industries

-Multimedia industry

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The MCMC control and promotes the communications and multimedia industry encompassing telecommunications, broadcast, Internet services, postal and courier services, and digital certification. The MCMC carefully balances the overall interests of the consumer, industry and investor. The MCMC also make sure that consumers have access to competitive pricing, wide choices, quality of service, overcome digital divide (through USP funding) and suitable broadcast content for Malaysians. The MCMC plays its role by guarantee that consumers enjoy choice and satisfactory level of services at affordable price, consumers benefit through provisioning of necessary services and complaints are handled fairly and effectively, as well as monitor the level of complaints received from consumers.

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1) Thick MVNO
a) Celcom Axiata
- Net2One Sdn Bhd (Altel)
- Red One Network Sdn Bhd (redONE)
- Tune Talk Sdn Bhd (Tune Talk)
- XOX Com Sdn Bhd (XOX)

b) Maxis
- REDtone Engineering and Network Services Sdn Bhd (ANSAR Mobile)

2) Thin MVNO
a) Celcom Axiata
- Merchantrade Asia Sdn Bhd (Merchantrade Asia)
- Pure Spectrum Technologies Sdn Bhd (Myfon)
- Winner Venture Sdn Bhd (Herego)

b) U Mobile
- Mpay Mobile Sdn Bhd (Mpay Mobile)
- Uni Comms International Sdn Bhd

c) Digi
-  Pavo Communications Sdn Bhd (SpeakOut Wireless and Mcalls)
-  My Evolution Sdn Bhd
-  Cubic Telecom Malaysia Sdn Bhd
-  Tone Excel International Sdn Bhd (Tone Excel)
-  Tone Plus Sdn Bhd (Tone Plus)
-  Tone Wow Sdn Bhd (Tone Wow)

d) Maxis
-  Edgecomms Sdn Bhd (Edgecomms)
-  Pok Din Auto Parts Sdn Bhd (CPUT)
-  Bots Network Sdn Bhd

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Acts that administered by the MCMC to govern the industries in Malaysia

Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission Act (1998)

The Communications and Multimedia Act 1998

Postal Services Act 2012 (PSA 2012)

The Digital Signature Act 1997 (DSA 1997)

https://www.mcmc.gov.my/en/legal/acts

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Malaysian Communications And Multimedia Commission (MCMC) | Suruhanjaya Komunikasi dan Multimedia Malaysia (SKMM)

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The Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission was created pursuant to the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission Act (1998) as a new regulator for the communications and multimedia industry in Malaysia. At the same time, the Communications and Multimedia Act (1998) was passed, to fulfill the need to regulate an increasingly convergent communications and multimedia industry.

The Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 is based on the basic principles of transparency and clarity; more competition and less regulation; flexibility; bias towards generic rules; regulatory forbearance; emphasis on process rather than content; administrative and sector transparency; and industry self-regulation.

The Act seeks to provide a generic set of regulatory provisions based on generic definitions of market and service activities and services. The jurisdiction of this Act is restricted to networked services and activities only.

In Malaysia, MCMC is responsible for administration of the Postal Services Act, which governs postal and courier services via the powers given under the Postal Services Act 2012 (PSA 2012). The PSA 2012 is a transformative postal legislation to deal with the postal challenges of the 21st century. The PSA 2012 repeals PSA 1991 and makes new provisions to better regulate the postal service industry in a multi-player environment, promote orderly development of the industry and safeguard universal service provisioning. The PSA 2012 applies best regulatory practices such as transparent licensing system, adaptive universal service provisioning based on changing customers' needs, promotion of healthy and fair competition as well as principle of self-regulation.

The Digital Signature Act 1997 (DSA 1997) came into force on 1 October 1998, to regulate the use of digital signature and to provide for additional matters connected to its use in Malaysia. This DSA 1997 facilitates e-business and e-commerce activities by using the digital signature instead of a conventional handwritten signature in legal and commercial transactions. Further, under Digital Signature Regulations 1998 also sets out a mandatory licensing scheme for CA (being the issuers of digital certificates), recognised repositories and recognised date/time stamp authority.

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Legislation | Malaysian Communications And Multimedia Commission (MCMC)

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The Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission was created pursuant to the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission Act (1998) as a new regulator for the communications and multimedia industry in Malaysia. At the same time, the Communications and Multimedia Act (1998) was passed, to fulfill the need to regulate an increasingly convergent communications and multimedia industry.

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MNO in Malaysia include:
- Celcom Axiata
- Maxis
- Digi
- Umobile

https://www.malaysiavacationguide.com/malaysia-mobile-services.html#:~:text=There%20are%203%20major%20mobile,virtual%20network%20operators%20(MVNOs).

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Malaysian Communications And Multimedia Commission (MCMC) | Suruhanjaya Komunikasi dan Multimedia Malaysia (SKMM)

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Industry Performance Report | Malaysian Communications And Multimedia Commission (MCMC)

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MCMC is the regulator for the converging communications and multimedia industry in Malaysia.

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I think MCMC do also ensure safeguard of consumers. Basically, ensuring safeguard consumers is most of MSMCS jobs. However, MCMC do also play role in these issues.

MCMC continuously works with mobile content industry players and aggregators in addressing mobile content services issues faced by subscribers at large. Complains contents includes gambling, spam peer to peer, Scam, and the most complains which is unsubscribed SMS and External Telcos (2018). Actions are taken on that non-compliance by issuance of warning letters, also penalties and suspension of the mobile content services short codes and keywords.

MCMC consulted and engaged with various stakeholders in reviewing MSMCS. The review is to provide an update to the MSMCS and necessary tools to ensure continues safeguard of consumers.  (ref:- page 111)

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A mobile network operator (MNO) is an organization that provides telecommunications services such as wireless voice and data communications to the mobile users it subscribes to. This MNO has a complete telecom infrastructure in handling and managing mobile communications between subscribed mobile users using the same wireless and external wired telecommunication network.

A wired network is a network that is connected to each other using network cables while the wireless networks use radio frequency signals to connect the network to a computer or smartphone. Services provided such as SIM card and Wifi allow users to share information wherever they are. This is because a wireless network can be reached within a certain coverage space without any fixed location. Thus the user can move freely and sit anywhere without any problems (if it is within the frequency range).

A mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) purchase airtime at wholesale rates from Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) and then resell wireless subscriptions to consumers through self -branding and other value -added services. MVNOs perform marketing strategies such as discount MVNOs, lifestyle MVNOs and ad -based MVNOs to attract the public to join MVNOs.

Discount MVNOs are lower prepaid or postpaid tariff offers with voice and Short Message Service (SMS) services to low -cost mobile phone users and affordable plans. In modern times there are still many mobile phone users who do not use the internet, so those who just want the phone to make calls. This alternative is very helpful for the elderly.

The MVNO Lifestyle focuses on specific markets marked by demographics from younger consumers to seniors. For example, MVNOs create the and cartoon video for kids and create games, music, video and mobile social networks like whatsaap, facebook and instagram.

Ad -based MVNOs offer free or subsidized mobile phone service in exchange for customers seeing some of the customer’s target ads. MVNOs offer advertising to retailers, financial institutions and media companies.

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According to Avystem (2021), Mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO) referring to wireless communications service supplier. MVNOs is different from MNO because used infrastructure is not theirs. However, they lease the infrastructure from MNOs in order to supplying services to their markets.

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What is a mobile virtual network operator (MVNO)?

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Mobile virtual network operators or MVNOs play a unique part in today’s economy. In this article, we’ll examin

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I agree the Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) enjoys economies scope. USM provides funds and expertise to empower the economy of B40 staff through entrepreneurship programs. Universiti Sains Malaysia is very concerned about the B40 group. So wanting to develop the country's economy, USM took steps to offer entrepreneurship courses such as raising sheep, catfish and rabbits. USM has spent RM60,000 involving 45 selected B40 staff from various departments, and it also involves the cooperation and support of PTJ such as the Human Resources Division, Industry and Community Network Division (BJIM); University Legal Office; Animal Research and Services Center (ARASC); Department of Development and Asset Management (JPPA) and School experts. Therefore, the income of the B40 group will improve as well as increase economic activity.

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PULAU PINANG, 3 Disember 2020 - Agenda memperkasakan ekonomi golongan terkebawah (B40) terus digerakkan Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) melalui kepakaran sedia ada apabila staf USM golongan B40 diberi peluang meningkatkan taraf hidup mereka dalam bidang keusahawanan.

Langkah progresif yang diambil oleh Jabatan Pendaftar USM ini telah direncana awal tahun 2020 yang turut mendapat sokongan penuh Naib Canselor USM, Profesor Dr. Faisal Rafiq Mahamd Adikan melalui beberapa inisiatif khas yang disalurkan kepada golongan sasar tersebut.

Sumbangan inisiatif dan kepakaran dari pucuk pimpinan termasuk pelbagai pihak di USM ini sekaligus menunjukkan hasrat murni USM bagi membantu staf-stafnya yang berpendapatan rendah dan turut terjejas akibat pandemik COVID-19, untuk keluar dari kepompong kemiskinan.

Ketika ditemubual, Pegawai Perhubungan Staf, Jabatan Pendaftar USM, Zulkifli Che Hussin berkata, pihak Jabatan Pendaftar telah membuat penelitian dan pemilihan sewajarnya bagi mengenalpasti staf-staf kategori B40 yang benar-benar mempunyai minat dalam bidang keusahawanan.

"Pejabat Naib Canselor dan Jabatan Pendaftar telah menyediakan beberapa inisiatif keusahawanan yang akan diberikan kepada mereka yang dipilih, termasuklah menetapkan mentor di kalangan tenaga pakar melibatkan pensyarah, penyelidik dan pegawai di dalam universiti, dan akhirnya mengenalpasti apakah produk perniagaan yang bersesuaian buat peserta," kata beliau.

Peserta mengikuti kursus keusahawanan

Tambah Zulkifli, peserta dipilih juga perlu mengikuti kursus wajib iaitu Kursus Keusahawanan selama tiga hari yang dianjurkan oleh Pusat Pembangunan HEBAT USM dengan mentor-mentornya yang terdiri dari kalangan pensyarah berpengalaman di Pusat Pengajian untuk membimbing dan melatih peserta.

"Contohnya penternakan ikan keli, kita mempunyai tenaga pakar iaitu Dr. Khalidah Abdul Hamid dari Pusat Pengajian Sains Kajihayat USM, yang sudi bekerjasama menyumbang kepakaran beliau mengajar dan menurunkan ilmu yang ada buat peserta, malah USM turut menyediakan kolam dan ruang tempat untuk para peserta memulakan penternakan ikan keli," kata Zulkifli.

Jelas beliau lagi, sehingga kini USM telah menyediakan beberapa platform memulakan aktiviti keusahawanan buat peserta di ketiga-tiga kampus untuk mereka pilih dan ceburi berdasarkan minat mereka sendiri.

"Di kampus induk selain dari ternakan, kita juga menawarkan bimbingan bagi memulakan perniagaan madu kelulut, manakala di kampus Kejuruteraan, Nibong Tebal, telah ada tenaga pakar dan peserta yang melibatkan diri dalam ternakan ikan puyu dan tilapia, dan di Kampus Kesihatan, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan pula terdapat khidmat bimbingan ternakan kambing biri-biri, ikan keli dan arnab," kata beliau.

Peserta diberi suntikan dana dan bantuan kepakaran dalaman

Zulkfili menambah, idea ini juga cetusan dari Pendaftar USM sendiri, Dr. Hj. Musa Ali yang ingin memberi peluang kepada staf USM yang walaupun sudah mempunyai perniagaan kecil-kecilan, menceburi diri dengan diberi sedikit suntikan inisiatif dana dan kepakaran.

USM juga menyediakan kemudahan pinjaman mikro tanpa faedah kepada staf kategori B40 untuk memulakan perniagaan, dan daripada itu mereka mestilah menunjukkan perniagaan mereka itu membuahkan hasil kerana pihak USM sentiasa memantau aktiviti perniagaan yang dijalankan berdasarkan perjanjian yang telah dibuat.

Menurut Musa, inisiatif menjalankan projek ini sebenarnya mula dilaksana sebelum berlakunya pandemik lagi, dan kebetulan inisiatif ini berjalan seiring dengan keadaan yang melanda kini dan semestinya ia memberi impak yang amat besar pada staf-staf terlibat.

"Setakat ini, USM telah berbelanja RM60,000 melibatkan 45 orang staf B40 terpilih dari pelbagai jabatan, dan ia turut melibatkan kerjasama dan sokongan PTJ seperti Bahagian Sumber Manusia, Jabatan Pendaftar; Bahagian Jaringan Industri dan Masyarakat (BJIM); Pejabat Perundangan Universiti; Bahagian Hal Ehwal Pembangunan Pelajar dan Alumni (BHEPA); Pusat Penyelidikan dan Perkhidmatan Haiwan (ARASC); Jabatan Pembangunan dan Pengurusan Aset (JPPA); pakar-pakar Pusat Pengajian dan sebagainya.

"Pada dasarnya, konsep yang digunakan ialah kepakaran universiti yang sedia ada dimanfaat dan disumbangkan kembali kepada staf yang memerlukan," jelas beliau.

Bantu tingkatkan taraf hidup golongan B40

Jelas Musa lagi, cetusan inisiatif ini merupakan hasrat Naib Canselor sendiri yang mahukan pelbagai langkah diambil bagi membantu staf sendiri yang terkesan supaya mereka mampu meningkatkan pendapatan melalui program keusahawanan yang disediakan oleh USM.

"Semestinya langkah yang diambil ini berorientasikan kebajikan staf, bagaimana universiti membuka ruang kepakaran dimiliki untuk dimanfaatkan bersama buat warga kampus, seiring dengan agenda kerajaan untuk membangunkan sosio ekonomi golongan B40 di negara ini.

"Kita sedia maklum staf terbabit menetap di Pulau Pinang yang taraf hidup di sini amat tinggi dan terkesan dengan bebanan kewangan, maka inisiatif ini menepati hasrat universiti iaitu menyumbang bakti buat komuniti, kerana staf USM terpilih itu juga adalah komuniti di luar kampus yang berada dalam kategori yang sama," kata beliau.

Walau bagaimanapun tegas Pendaftar, apa juga permohonan oleh staf berkelayakan untuk menceburi bidang ini perlulah mendapat kelulusan Ketua Jabatannya terlebih dahulu.

"Di dalam kursus yang wajib dihadiri oleh peserta, Pejabat Perundangan Universiti akan menegaskan beberapa perkara yang wajib dipatuhi oleh peserta sepanjang menjalankan aktiviti keusahawanan bagi memastikan mereka tidak leka dengan amanah dan tanggungjawab pada tugas hakiki di jabatan masing-masing," jelas Musa.

Tambah beliau lagi, memandangkan sambutan terhadap program ini buat pertama kali dianjurkan adalah begitu baik sekali, persiapan awal sedang dibuat untuk menerima hampir 40 orang peserta baharu pada tahun 2021.

"Yang lebih menggembirakan ialah Naib Canselor turut meluluskan bajet inisiatif ini sekali lagi untuk tahun 2021," katanya.

Teks: Mohd Azrul Mohd Azhar/Foto: Ihsan Unit Perhubungan Staf, Bahagian Sumber Manusia, Jabatan Pendaftar, USM

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USM SEDIAKAN DANA DAN KEPAKARAN, PERKASA EKONOMI STAF B40 MELALUI PROGRAM KEUSAHAWANAN

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PULAU PINANG, 3 Disember 2020 - Agenda memperkasakan ekonomi golongan terkebawah (B40) terus digerakkan Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) melalui kepakaran sedia ada apabila staf USM golongan B40 diberi peluang meningkatkan taraf hidup mereka dalam bidang keusahawanan.

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As mentioned by Syarah, MNO in Malaysia currently is all stated above. But there was another type of MNO services in Malaysia which is Time dotcom traded in Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange. Based on my views, I think Time dotcom is not listed in MNO because these services got a very least responses among the consumers. However, over the past 2 decades, Time dotcom is listed in MNO Malaysia with the ownerships of Government (20%), Time Engineering (55%), and Public (25%) in December 2000. (ref - page 9)

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Based on this diagram, we can see there is a linked between MNO and MVNO. The working relationship that MVNO forms and builds with MNO determines how much control and ownership that has over its business.
https://www.mcmc.gov.my/skmmgovmy/media/General/pdf/Mobile_Virtual_Network_Operators_compressed.pdf

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In my opinion, USM is like a multi-product firm. A firm that produces many type of products (students/graduates) from many different schools and according to the USM official website, there are 26 schools. Hence, this makes me agree that USM enjoys the economies of scope as total cost of producing many graduates from different schools at one main campus is lower. What do you think of my comment?

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I agree with this statement because USM has created a new space that can be used and utilized by the USM community, namely The Bricks. The Bricks located at the Siswaniaga@USM building that which has placed various types of spaces in one building. The Bricks already have a space for events and meeting, USM merchandise & souvenir shop and a space for business. This has saved the costs because USM does not have to find a large space and build a new building. The Siswaniaga@USM is already available and had empty space at the bottom, so it is very good when they utilized in this way.

http://www.usm.my/the-bricks

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I agree with that statement.A total of 2,343 Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) staff in the B40 category with children aged 12 and below from all USM campuses, received UHT milk assistance (ultra-high temperature processing) as a proactive measure by USM to promote children's mental and physical development. the staff. The ‘Staff Household Nutrition Milk’ or UHT Milk Assistance to USM B40 staff is one of USM's 12 new strategic projects/programs for 2021 undertaken by the Vice Chancellor and the university's top management under the 'Talent Management and Staff Wellbeing' initiative.

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I agree with that statement.A total of 2,343 Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) staff in the B40 category with children aged 12 and below from all USM campuses, received UHT milk assistance (ultra-high temperature processing) as a proactive measure by USM to promote children's mental and physical development. the staff. The ‘Staff Household Nutrition Milk’ or UHT Milk Assistance to USM B40 staff is one of USM's 12 new strategic projects/programs for 2021 undertaken by the Vice Chancellor and the university's top management under the 'Talent Management and Staff Wellbeing' initiative.

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From the findings , MCMC have lots of role. The main role is to focus on consumers .

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From the discussion , we know that industries that are govern by the MCMC are telecommunication , broadcasting , multimedia industry . postal and carrier sector.

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Concluded that , MCMC have 4 acts administered by to govern the industries in Malaysia.

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The short conclusion for this discussion is , MNO is organization that provides telecommunications services such as wireless voice and data communications while MVNOs perform marketing strategies such as discount MVNOs, lifestyle MVNOs and ad -based MVNOs to attract the public to join MVNOs.

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In conclusion there are lots of list mobile network operators in Malaysia for example Maxis.

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In conclusion there are lots of list mobile network operators in Malaysia for example Maxis.

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From the findings , we can say that there are 2 types of MVNO which is thick and thin.

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As we know, economies of scope is where the production of one good reduce the cost of producing another related goods. In this case, I believe that USM do really enjoy the economies of scope. According to USM official news websites on 28 September 2021, USM VC - Professor Dato' Dr. Faisal Rafiq Mahamd Adikan stated that USM introduce a several form of fee reduction to its students.

According to Faisal Rafiq, the reduction includes is as bellows:
a) 20% for Semester One in 2021/ 2022
b) retaining fees exemption for postponement cases.
c) 10% discount registration fees for international students.
d) forbear from imposing a penalty for the study postponement period.

According to Dr. Faisal, all of this is to reduce the financial strain on parents and students as a result of the pandemic Covid-19. Dr. Faisal further thinks that rather than giving up, it is far preferable to establish program to further push students to continue seeking knowledge despite of the hurdles that may lie ahead.

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USM PENANG, 28 September 2021 -- In line with the concerns of the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia (MOHE) which understands the predicaments faced by parents and students throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) is heeding the call to provide assistance to its students, as they will be continuing their studies when the semester reopens in mid-October.

This was said by the Vice-Chancellor, Professor Dato' Dr. Faisal Rafiq Mahamd Adikan who stated that USM introduced several forms of fee reduction to its students.

According to Faisal Rafiq, among them are reduction in fees of 20% for Semester One in the 2021/2022 Academic Session to all local undergraduates and postgraduates including students of Distance Education Programme as proposed by MOHE.

"USM is also giving retaining fees exemption for postponement cases. This exemption applies to students at all levels, beginning from Semester Two of 2020/2021 Academic Session and Semester One of 2021/2022 Academic Session," he explained.

He added, USM will also refrain from imposing a penalty for the study postponement period, aside from giving a 10% discount for the registration fees to new international students (Semester One intake, 2021/2022 Academic Session). Both initiatives will apply to undergraduates and postgraduates.

"The relaxation and flexibility offered will be inline with the concerns of all parties including USM, MOHE as well as the government in helping to reduce the financial burden of the parents and students due to the pandemic," he said.

Faisal Rafiq also sees these initiatives as one of the supports to further motivate the students to continue in seeking knowledge regardless of the challenges that may lie ahead.

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provides special assistance to students fee reduction mohe ministry of higher education malaysia

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USM MINDFUL, PROVIDES SPECIAL ASSISTANCE TO STUDENTS

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USM PENANG, 28 September 2021 -- In line with the concerns of the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia (MOHE) which understands the predicaments faced by parents and students throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) is heeding the call to provide assistance to its students, as they will be continuing their studies when the semester reopens in mid-October.

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From the discussion all of us agree with the statement . USM also do providing education loans to students pursuing their studies in local institutions of higher learning (IPT). This loan will enable students to fully or partially pay their fees and their subsistence for the duration of their studies in the IPT. 

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From the discussion all of us agree with the statement . USM also do providing education loans to students pursuing their studies in local institutions of higher learning (IPT). This loan will enable students to fully or partially pay their fees and their subsistence for the duration of their studies in the IPT. 