# data[].attributes.body
December 9th 1952 - May 17th 1954

A landmark decision of the Supreme Court that ruled laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional. This was a cornerstone of the civil rights movement that helped establish the precedent that "separate but equal" education was in fact not equal at all.

QUIZ QUESTIONS:
Q: Which movement followed the Brown vs. Board of Education decision?

A: Desegregation

# data[].attributes.body
1954

The only Mexican-American civil rights case that was heard and decided by the Supreme Court post-WWII. Hernandez was convicted of killing a man in cold blood. His lawyer claimed discrimination prevented him from being tried by a jury of his peers. It ruled that the 14th amendment applied to all racial and ethnic groups facing discrimination.

# data[].attributes.body
December 5th 1955 - December 20th 1956

A political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on public transportation. This boycott was sparked by Rosa Parks when she was arrested for refusing to give up her seat to a white man. The supreme court ultimately ordered Montgomery to integrate its bus system.

# data[].attributes.body
1957

A group of nine African-American enrolled in Little Rock Central High School, they were they first people of color to be enrolled. The night before what would have been their first day, Arkansas governor Orval Fabus ordered the states National Guard to block the entrance, preventing the teen from entering. Sixteen days later a federal judge ordered the National Guard reomoved.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
60 Years On, A Look Back at the Little Rock Nine

# data[].attributes.body
1957

The first federal rights legislation passed by congress. The act was signed by Dwight D. Eisenhower. This act established the civil rights section of the Justice Department and empowered federal prosecutors to obtain court injections against interference with the right to vote.

# data[].attributes.body
February 1st 1960 - July 25th 1960

A series of nonviolent protests started when young African-American students staged a sit-in at a segregated lunch counter. This sit-in movement spread throughout college towns in the south.

# data[].attributes.body
Spring 1961

Civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated south. It was an organized interracial bus ride across state lines to test the supreme court decision that declared bus segregation unconstitutional.

QUIZ QUESTION:
Q: What was Kennedy's outtake on the Freedom Riders?

A: He previously wanted the Civil Rights Movement to be "swept under the rug". Freedom riders changed his entire outlook on the Civil Rights Movement.

# data[].attributes.body
1962

James Meredith became the first African-American to attend the University of Mississippi. His attendance to the school sparked much ager and riots. Three years later Meredith participated in the March Against Fear but was sent to the hospital by a snipers bullet. He later recovered and continued his participation in the march.

DID YOU KNOW?
James Meredith was an Air Force Veteran.

# data[].attributes.body
August 27th 1962

This amendment prohibits both congress and the state from conditioning the right to vote in federal elections on payment of poll or other types of tax.

# data[].attributes.body
1963

This was a letter from Martin Luther King Jr. written to his fellow clergymen while he was incarcerated in Birmingham Jail after a nonviolent protest against racial segregation. This letters main purpose was to defend Kings position for nonviolent direct action.

# data[].attributes.body
August 28th 1963

This was a massive protest march with around 250,000 people participating that aimed to draw attention to continuing challenges and inequalities faced by African-Americans. It was also the occasion of Martin Luther King Jr's "I Have a Dream" speech.

# data[].attributes.body
September 15th 1963

16th street Baptist was a large and prominent church located in downtown Birmingham. A bomb exploded under the steps of the church on September 15th, 1963 killing four young girls. Martin Luther King Jr later sent a telegram to the Alabama governor expressing a shared sentiment that "the blood of these four little girls" was on his hands.

# data[].attributes.body
1964

This act prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or natural origin. This act was proposed by JFK and survived through strong opposition of the south and its southern congress members.

# data[].attributes.body
1964

Also known as the Mississippi Summer Drive, Freedom Summer was a registration drive aimed at increasing the number of black voters in Mississippi. Over 700 white voters join African American Mississippians to fight voter intimidation and discrimination at the polls.

# data[].attributes.body
1964

Federal Legislation established social programs with the aim of facilitating health, education, government, and the general welfare of those impoverished Americans.

QUIZ QUESTION:
Q: Was the economic opportunity act of 1964 successful?
A: Somewhat, there is much debate over this topic although the pvwas the economic opportunity act of 1964 successfulerty rates did fall within 10 years of the passage.

# data[].attributes.body
1965

Signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, this law aimed to overcome legal barriers at state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote. Overall, these acts prevented voting discrimination based on race.

# data[].attributes.body
1965

The Selma to Montgomery March was a part of civil rights protests that occurred in 1965, Southern Alabama. Protesters marched a 54 mile route where they faced countless violent interactions with local authorities and white vigilante groups. After three long and violent days, protesters achieved their goal of making it Montgomery and raising awareness of voting discrimination based on race.

# data[].attributes.body
September 24th 1965

President John F. Kennedy issued an executive order that required government contractors to "take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin." The intent of this order was to ensure the governments commitment to to equal opportunity for all people qualified.

# data[].attributes.body
1966

Malcom X with strong principals of racial pride, autonomy, and self-determination inspired the Black Power Movement. This movement argued that black Americans should focus on creating economic, social, and political power of their own rather than seek integration within white America.

# data[].attributes.body
July 23rd 1967 - July 28th 1967

The Detroit Race Riots were one of the most violent and destructive riots in American history. By the time the riot ended, 43 people were dead, 342 injured, nearly 1,400 buildings had been burned and some 7,000 National Guard and U.S. Army troops had been called into service. As unemployment and impoverished despair spread, tensions rose leading up to the Detroit Race Riots.

# data[].attributes.body
April 4th 1968

Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated in Memphis Tennessee by James Earl Ray. King led the civil rights movement since the late 50's using passionate speeches and nonviolent protests to fight segregation and achieve civil rights advancements for African Americans.

DID YOU KNOW?
MLK entered college at just the age of 15.

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.history.com/
https://www.britannica.com/

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
HISTORY | Watch Full Episodes of Your Favorite Shows

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Watch full episodes of your favorite HISTORY series, and dive into thousands of historical articles and videos. To know History is to know life.