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Substance misuse is a pattern of the use of a drug or alcohol in which the user consumes the substance in amounts over the recommended guidelines or with methods which are harmful to themselves. There are different definitions of substance misuse such as in the NHS and local GPs and criminal justice contexts.

The consequences of substance and alcohol abuse are organ failure, loosing relations with family and friend, possibility of loosing your job, and many other factors which could effect your addiction and your mental health.

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The effects of drink, drugs and smoking can be different on individuals' bodies however, these are the main effects on an average individual's body.

An effect of excessive drinking over the prescribed could be liver failure, high blood pressure, heart disease, and digestive problems. You could also produce breast cancer, cancer in the throat, and colon and rectum cancer.  Excessive drinking can cause a weakening of the immune system, increasing the chances of getting sick.

The effect of the use of narcotics could vary on what drugs you are taking and if they are prescribed or if they are illegal. However, the effects on the body on taking any drugs over the prescribed limit could be heart attacks and heart tremors, liver failure, damage to the brain's receptors and the overall health of your brain and can cause brain damage.

The effect of smoking tobacco can be lung, throat and mouth cancer. Smoking can also cause high blood pressure which can cause heart problems like heart attacks and heart murmurs. You could also have lung failure and have a collapsed lung, another effect could be the loss of teeth or gum disease.

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Having body hygiene in public services is important as it's a big part of being clean and looking presentable for your job as you are working for the government and the public. If you do not look presentable people may assume that you do not take care of yourself and your well being so how would you be able to manage your job and do it correctly if you look messy as a person? You may get judgemental looks and get comments which could effect your mental health and effect your willingness to work.

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Oral hygiene is a key factor to looking after yourself and looking presentable in your job especially in the public services, if you do not keep good oral hygiene you can get infections and have bad smells coming from your mouth. Bad oral hygiene can lead to your teeth or gums rotting which can make it seem like you do not care for yourself.

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Keeping your clothes clean is just as important as keeping yourself clean, especially your uniform. Dead skin cells and sweat can sit in your clothes os if you are wearing clothes that haven't been washed then it can cause you to become dirty even if you personally are clean.

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Stress is the state of worry or mental tension caused by a difficult situation. Stress is a natural human response that prompts us to address challenges and threats in our lives. Managing stress can be done differently by different people. Everyone gets stressed over different things as everyone has different lives and jobs and experiences. Being cathartic could help some people relative to their stress, this is by releasing emotional stress and strong feelings through a physical act like crying.

Some popular coping mechanisms for dealing with stress can be having a warm bath/shower, swimming with friends, crying, going on a walk with friends, smoking, playing online games with friends, talking to friends or family, sleeping, drinking alcohol in moderation with friends, having your own space, eating food in moderation.

You can also get professional help like a therapist to talk to about your stress or speak to your local GP, you could also contact NHS choices.

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PTSD [Post Traumatic Stress Disorder] is a psychiatric disorder that occurs in people who have experienced or witnessed a traumatic event or event. An individual may experience this as emotionally or physically harmful and may affect mental, physical, and social well-being. Some examples could be serious accidents such as terrorist acts, war or combat, rape/sexual assault, historical trauma and bullying.

Some symptoms of PTSD are vivid flashbacks (feeling like the trauma is happening right now), intrusive thoughts or images, nightmares, intense distress at real or symbolic reminders of the trauma, and physical sensations such as pain, sweating, nausea or trembling.

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All public service roles do not tolerate any non prescribed drugs apart fro pain killers to be taken. You must not attend your shift smelling of alcohol or still be under the influence of alcohol from the previous day as you can perform properly in your job.

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This is an eat well plate, this showcases what the average British person should have on their plate, and the Government issues this.

The guidelines show that you should have a minimum of 5 fruit or vegetables daily. On this chart, carbohydrates are equal to fruit and vegetables as carbs produce glucose which is transferred into energy so it benefits you to have carbohydrates in your diet as in the police you will need energy and strength to help you throughout the day.

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the benefits of healthy eating and having a balanced diet can be a better overall health but could also be better matabolism which can help your body transfer the nutrient properly.

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A poor diet may consist of different things to different people however if a person is to consume an amount over the recommended food or alcohol limit it is deemed that they have a poor diet.

A poor diet could be not consuming three solid meals a day, not eating a minimum of 5 fruit or veg, overeating or undereating certain parts of the eat well plate. For example, the recommended alcohol units a week for males and females is 14 units. If you are a regular drinker this is to be consumed over three separate days within the 7 days total.

If you are consuming over these amounts you can find help at places like AA [Alcoholics Annoynmis] and drink aware for alcohol problems. If you have problems with unhealthy eating you can contact your local GP [General Practitioner] or NHS choices for support and guidance.

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In summary it is important to have a healthy and well balanced diet as your health is important and a leading factor towards your overall heath can be your diet.

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It is important to exercise every time you get a chance! The NHS's guidelines to exercise for a 19- 64-year-old healthy able-bodied adult are as followed, you should do at least 150 minutes of moderate activity a week, this could be broken down into doing half an hour for 5 days a week, Monday to Friday.

Some benefits of exercise on the body can be that you have overall better physical and mental health, overall better blood pressure, can improve lung capacity, can also improve your brain's oxygen intake and your range of movement later on in life.

Having a lack of exercise could cause serious health issues later on in life, this could include bad mental health, poor flexibility, poor circulation, and weight.

Some negatives of exercise on the body could be cardiovascular failure, heart attacks due to overworking the heart and muscle and ligament injuries.

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COPD [chronic obstruction pulmonary disease] and Asthma are two repertory conditions that may restrain someones breathing and oxygen intake. Moderate exercise will be able to help someone with either or both of these conditions with managing their health. A GP will advise someone with COPD or Asthma to do a moderate and non intense exceersie as much as possible to help with their airways and lungs to strengthen them.

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An excercise plan in the uniform services 

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An excercise plan in the uniform services 

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An exercise plan in the uniformed public services is important as even though you may be in a job where you are active on your shift it is still important to keep your fitness and strength up. A plan will be effective and efficient as in the public services you may find it hard to have a good diet and kee yourself fit outside of your work hours.

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Where you can get help for PTSD and stress 

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Where you can get help for PTSD and stress 

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You can get help from your local General Practitioner, and be put on medication or have some form of therapy. Many people in public services will have some type of PTSD. On many police station websites, there is a part of the webpage that consists of officers' stories and what mental issues they may suffer from and how the police support them.

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Overall you may want to seek help if you feel like you overuse or abuse drink, drugs or alcohol. the places you may seek help is Drink Aware, Alcoholics Anonymous, the NHS choices and many other options depending on what your situation is. In conclusion it is always best to get help even if you do not feel as if you abuse or overuse these substances.