# data[].attributes.headline
Some thoughts on reading 'Economy of dreams'

# data[].attributes.subject
Some thoughts on reading 'Economy of dreams'

# data[].attributes.body
Can hope ever be entirely separate from money under capitalism?

Would capitalism work if we did have hopes?

What are the differences between hopes and dreams?

Do you think we will ever be enough under capitalism? Or will we constantly be chasing more?

Would you rather have an intellectually stimulating/ enjoyable job than a high earning job?

Why do we sometimes hope for things we know we will never achieve?

# data[].attributes.body
Specifically, within the UK, Captain Tom Moore became a symbol of hope for the nation. At 99, he raised over £39m for the NHS walking 100 lengths of his garden. He stood as a beacon of solidarity, defiance, and hope in a time of fear and isolation.

In an interview with the BBC, Captain Tom Moore proposed, "tomorrow is a good day, tomorrow you will maybe find everything will be much better than today." This sentiment inspired the British public to donate to the NHS and find hope for the future. Hope, in this way, was used to cope with suffering.

In a health and social care journal article written by Francesa Ramadan (2021: 1), she writes 'his fundraising efforts seemed to transcend private achievement to become the public, national symbol of the teamwork, sacrifice, generosity and hope that can unite humanity in times of adversity.' In this sense, Captain Tom Moore exemplified public attitudes of hope and solidarity on a national scale.

With the NHS becoming increasingly under-funded every year, the public's contribution to the massive donation showed support and solidarity with healthcare workers who were suffering to protect this country with little government support (Ramadan, 2021: 2). This shows that by donating, the public hoped the NHS would suffer less during the pandemic.

Ramadan (2021: 2) hopes that Captain Tom Moore's legacy of 'his insistence that our public services and the people who keep them running deserve better' will shape how the NHS is funded in future years.

# data[].attributes.body
The Pew Research Center (2021) conducted a survey to explore the impact COVID-19 had on religious faith.
- In 11 of 14 countries surveyed, religious faith strengthened since the COVID-19 pandemic.
- They found the largest increase in America, with participants stating religious faith was a way of seeking hope during the pandemic.
- We can conceptualise this as transcendent hope: believing in a future life through a God or higher power (Javier-Aliaga et al. 2022: 2).
- Hope functioned as providing practice and structure in time of uncertainty.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
COVID-19: By acting together, we have hope!

# data[].attributes.headline
 Reflections on Hope as a Category of Social and Psychological Analysis - Vincent Crapanzano 

# data[].attributes.subject
 Reflections on Hope as a Category of Social and Psychological Analysis - Vincent Crapanzano 

# data[].attributes.body
"Both require an ethics - of expectation, constraint, and resignation. And this ethics is founded on some notion or another of the real - on a realism that limits fantasy and enactment." (p.6)

"Hope figures in complex ways in this temporality. In its worldly manifestations, it may be quite specific, edging on desirable human terms, on a denial of reality, on mystical or magical thinking, on an unbiblical view of prayer, or on an improper interpretation of Scripture." (p.8)

"Hope, particularly in its abstract form, always invokes an even further horizon - a beyond of a mysterious transcending (if not transcendental), nature." (p.10)

TEMPORALITY OF HOPE
Eugene Minkowski - Lived Time (1970), (p.9)

Hope and desire are the characteristic of that zone of time that he called the "mediate future".

It lies between the zone of the immediate future, characterised by expectation and activity, and in the zone of the remote future, characterised by prayer and ethical action.

# data[].attributes.body
HOPE & HOPELESSNESS

Motlmann stresses the changes that Hope can induce:

[Hope] takes seriously the possibilities with which all reality is fraught...Only as long as the world and the people in it are a fragmented and experimental state which is not yet resolved, is there any sense of earthly hopes.

Hope can never be fully divorced from hopelessness any more than hopelessness can be divorced from hope. (p.17)

As paradoxical as it sounds, paralysing hope can occur in certain depressive conditions. One hopes - one waits - passively for hope's object to occur, knowing realistically that its occurrence is unlikely, even more so because one does nothing to bring it about. (p.18)

HOPE & RELIGION
Working with evangelical Christians, Crapanzano notes:

Their hope for salvation puts their petty hopes in perspective by figuring in them in redemptive history...They distinguish between true and false hope.

False hope is uncertain. It is based on what is pleasurable and desirable in human terms, on a denial of reality, on mystical or magical thinking, on an unbiblical view of prayer, or on an improper interpretation of Scripture. (p.8)

HOPE & DESIRE

Except where it is used as an equivalent desire, hope depends on on some other agency - a god, fate, chance, an other - for its fulfilment. Its evaluation rests on the characterisation - the moral characterisation - of the agency. You can do all you can to realise your hopes, but ultimately they depend on the fates - on someone else. (p.6)

# data[].attributes.headline
Economy of dreams: Hope in global capitalism and its critiques. Hirokazu Miyazaki,  2006. 

# data[].attributes.subject
Economy of dreams: Hope in global capitalism and its critiques. Hirokazu Miyazaki,  2006. 

# data[].attributes.body
"Hope lies within the reorientation of knowledge" (p149)

Miyazaki looks at how hope functions in a capitalist system. He looks at the Japanese financial markets, spending time at Sekai Securities and in particular a mid-40s man called Tada.

Tada made a spreadsheet which calculated his worth as a financial asset and found he'd have to earn 210million yen to retire at 55. (p151)

Tada talks of his hopes and dreams to build an automatic trading machine, which would enable him to retire early. (p154)

Our hopes as inseparable from capitalism.

Tada: "I don't believe there is no hope" (p161)

Chantal Mouffe "I think there is no hope today for future ... because people feel there is no alternative to the capitalist system, and even more to the neo-liberal form of capitalism which is dominant today" (p162)

# data[].attributes.headline
Hope dies last: Two aspects of hope in contemporary Moscow - Jarrett Zigon, 2009

# data[].attributes.subject
Hope dies last: Two aspects of hope in contemporary Moscow - Jarrett Zigon, 2009

# data[].attributes.body
Zigon's arguments:

1. Hope should be understood as contextual, case by case.

Neither active nor passive

Recognise as a complex temporal structure.

“…hope is the temporalization process - the intentional and creative uses of the past and the future - that allows us for intentional ethical actions.” (p. 285)

----------------------------

2. Hope is not necessarily needed to be understood as future-oriented.

Should be primarily understood as the perseverance of a sane life.

“…as a motivation for persevering through the life into which one has been thrown.” (p.258)

# data[].attributes.body
The place of hopelessness: people are facing challenges in the economy and society in contemporary times, even it’s not easy to raise a family. (p.263,264).

A normal lifestyle: living without too many worries, is what they desire and lack as well.

Hope to them means a GENERAL ATTITUDE to sustain their lives, rather than being future-oriented.

“Hope is the petrol of live.” (p.265)

To people in Moscow, or Russian, they can’t live without hope. If one is hopeless, that’s he or she has no life.

Instead of being hopeful for a brighter future, which is hard for them to do so, they wished to maintain well at the moment.

It’s also a motive to keep going in every day.

Hope also allows us not to be desperate in a desperate situation, recognised by the interlocutors. (p.266)

Hope is regarded to be used deliberately to overcome hardships. (intentional use)

Hope is utilized to achieve certain ethical responsibilities or expectations. For example, some interlocutors hoped to get married asap. While some got married wished to have children.

All to see hope as to continue, life can go on with more ethical responsibility, even though in hard times in Russia. (p.266)

# data[].attributes.body
Hope as the temporal structure of the background attitude that allows for a living a sane life in a specific social world"

And

"Hope as the temporal oriental of intentional and reflective ethical action that necessary in the moment of moral breakdown." (p.267)

'Temporal' : relating to practical matters, rather than spiritual ones.

It is based on hope intertwining with hopelessness, related to Crapanzano's argument.