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Feminism is a movement that tries to protect these rights, knowing that women have rights that must be accepted in all matters, and aims to eliminate inequality between men and women. In the context of this movement, various social movements have been made and different ideologies have been developed. With the general perception in society, women are generally individuals who are responsible for housework and their children. For example, respecting their spouses is a very important behavior for women in customary societies. It is not strange that women respect their wives. However, the fact that they cannot receive the same respect from their wives puts them in a lower position than their wives. Feminism comes into play at this point and argues that spouses are not superior to each other and that men and women should share in many matters, including housework. Feminism also defends women's right not to give birth, namely abortion. Liberal feminism, which is one of the feminism ideologies, is an ideology that argues that women should develop themselves as an individual, not only in certain areas, but also that women should be open to this development. In a way, this ideology suggests that women should exist as individuals, and if they cannot do this, they will be more exposed to male dominance. . Marxist feminism, on the other hand, is a feminist movement that advocates that women's social rights should be more dominant. According to Marxist feminism, the patriarchal system is not so important. The important thing is that a woman can be a worker like a man and have a place in business life. One area where women stay in the background is politics. In Political Science, it brought men forward in jobs in the field of politics and pushed women into the background. While this was more common in the past, it is possible to see women deputies and women presidents in the political arena today. However, the fact that women have a place in the political arena today does not mean that they are fully involved in politics. Besides, it is wrong not to acknowledge the existence of feminist politicians. Feminist politicians argue that the role of women in politics should be more dominant and more. As a result, feminism, which has emerged to break the inequality and power imbalance between men and women, has stated that men are not superior to women, that women's only job is not to take care of children or do housework, and that women should be at least as free in the field of work as men. continues to defend the rights of women in many issues, such as that they should not consider their gender when choosing their jobs.

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Interpretive theories reject positivism. The reason for this is that scientific data is not required, it is sufficient to understand the society with the data available. For the interpretive approach, the most robust way to understand society is to consider society as actors. We can say that every concept, every structure and feature in society has come from human beings. Therefore, everything in society is the result of the actions of different actors. According to the positivist approach, science is inevitable in order to understand a subject or situation. According to interpretive theories, interpretation is also a kind of different science and is necessary for humans. Constructivism, which is a different approach, is an approach focused on the solutions of political and social problems that are especially effective in the field of international relations. Contrary to several international relations approaches and theories, constructivists prioritize the benefits of the actors we mentioned in the interpretive theory. Constructivism in international relations is not one of the concrete theories of international politics. It is an approach that exists only to study international politics comprehensively. So in a way, it is a tool to study international politics. The main points on which constructivism is based in international relations are the indisputable ideas of politics, its shaped by culture and social identity, and its collective values. One of the main aims of this approach is to investigate and show how international reality is created with values. In addition to these, constructivists think that social norms such as religion, tradition, customs and fashion can improve and change foreign policy and foreign relations.

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Behavioral approach is a psychological behavior approach that deals with observable behaviors in people by giving importance to these behaviors. According to this approach, all behaviors acquired by human beings are realized through interaction with their environment. The behavioral approach is a type of approach that requires fine craftsmanship, as many details need attention. In this type of approach, theories can be considered scientific if they produce empirical predictions that can be detected to be false. According to behaviorists, theories should have the characteristics of "trying to explain something and, in principle, having the ability to observe". Behaviorists think that social theories should be based on some kind of empirical observation in analyzing the subjects and people to be studied in social fields and social settings. The strengths of the behavioral approach stem from the determination of its advocates to follow the forms of analysis. In the behavioral approach, the theories used in research cannot be expected to be open to direct observation. Therefore, theories need to take place in an abstract language that has no equivalent in observation, such as activism, collective benefits. According to behaviorists and modern post-behaviorists, the purpose of social scientific research is to explain behavior separately at the individual level and separately at the social level. The important point in the behaviorist explanation is the idea of causality. If an explanation is to be believed, it must be testable against observation and empirically detectable. It is not possible to determine the exact existence of a causal relationship. however, it is possible to determine the different propositions of certain empirical observations and the connection between these propositions and how consistent they are with each other. In summary, convincing and explanatory theories for behaviorist approaches should be empirical. Otherwise, their cause may not be explained.

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In today's lesson, some philosophy movements were explained. These philosophical currents were associated with each other and detailed. Some of these currents were Ontology, Epistemology, Positivism, Anti-Positivism and Relativism. Ontology is the movements that investigate what the source of existence is, and epistemology is the movements that investigate what the source of knowledge is. Empiricism, one of the sub-branches of epistemology, reveals the view that knowledge can be gained through experience. In addition to these, Relativism argues that knowledge is interconnected and can be measured with each other. In addition to these, according to Positivism founded by Auguste Comte, knowledge can only be reached through scientific methods. Only information based on experiments and observations can be considered correct information. On the contrary, in Post-Positivism, correct information can be found not through experimentation, but through thought and perspective. In this course, we talked about the effects of these currents on research methods and how we should evaluate and relate these currents while conducting a research. In addition, various sample videos were watched associating and comparing them. For me, it was a very productive and informative lesson.

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Qualitative methods are mostly done through observation, individual opinions and participatory observers. Researchers make detailed observations in environments related to the subject under investigation. They hold interviews with people on the subject, and the open-ended questions asked during these interviews force the speaker to explain in detail. Such techniques are important in terms of elaborating qualitative research and making it more acceptable. Although qualitative research is mostly not accepted due to the lack of empirical material, different methods are used in qualitative research and the use of these methods is very important for researching social fields. Qualitative methods are mostly used in social fields as well as in political science studies. It is more effective to use qualitative methods rather than quantitative methods in investigating subjects such as the opinions of political parties, the factors according to which people determine or change their votes in voting behavior, and the reasons why some people vote while others do not. Unlike Positivism, which includes the idea that true knowledge can only be obtained through empiricism, Post-Positivism argues that there is no single truth in science. Post-Positivism prioritizes the perspective of the researcher. Post-Positivism argues that true knowledge can develop through the study of people's thoughts and perspectives. In this respect, the nature of qualitative research can be associated with Post-positivism. For example, in the mentioned voting behavior, it is not a measurable or empirical situation on what basis people determine their votes or on what basis they give up on them. This is a situation that can only be understood with observation, perspective and thought. Therefore, it is wrong to think that qualitative methods are useless because they are not experimental. Since the causes and results of research in social sciences such as political science cannot be measured, it would be healthier to use qualitative methods in research at this point.

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Qualitative and quantitative research are two research methods that come to the fore in research methods. Qualitative research refers to features, definitions, meanings and symbols while quantitative research gives us data, measures or probabilities. In this respect, quantitative research is considered more scientific than qualitative research. For example, norms are factors that can help us in qualitative research. In addition to not providing any data or measurements, the fact that the norms are not written like the rules makes it very difficult to examine the norms. For example, qualitative methods are used to understand and interpret jokes that are accepted as a norm. Understanding and interpreting a joke requires good observation, not measurement. In addition, the methods used by researchers differ. Researchers refer to the use of multiple viewpoints as triangulation. The triangulation method is generally done through questionnaires. Researchers need an unsuspecting tool to find the best answer or interpretation for a problem. Researchers emphasize subjective aspects such as individuals' emotions, symbols, and empathy if their natural environment is concerned. Since most of these properties are observable, they can therefore be measured objectively. At the same time, elements of symbolism, meaning often need to be taken into account in one's own understanding. These are qualitative data. All these methods can give us experiences such as which methods we can choose when conducting research and how a research can be done carefully and carefully. For qualitative research, the attributes are kept in the center, while for quantitative research, the data is kept in the center. Also, sometimes, although not completely, qualitative methods can be quantified. With the help of developing technology, these two methods will start to show themselves in wider areas. In fact, with the effect of developing technology, both qualitative and quantitative methods will be combined. Therefore, both methods are very important for research methods.