# data[].attributes.body
1. cromolyn sodium (Intal®, Nasalcrom®)

# data[].attributes.body
A. Generation I (sedating)
1. brompheniramine (Dimetapp®)
2. chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton®)
3. clemastine (Tavist®)
4. diphenhydramine (Benadryl®)
5. hydroxyzine (Atarax®)
6. promethazine (Phenergan®)
7. azelastine (Astelin®, Astepro®)

B. Generation II (non-sedating)
1. ioratadine (Chlaritin®)
2. fexofenadine (Allegra®)
3. cetirizine (Zyrtec®)

# data[].attributes.body
Receptor: histamine
Action: inhibits mast cell release of histamine, decreases histamine, prophylaxis for chronic allergic rhinitis, prevents asthma attacks

# data[].attributes.body
1. albuterol (Proventil®, Ventolin®)
2. terbutaline (Brethine®)
3. salmeterol (Serevent®)
4. formoterol (Foradil®)

# data[].attributes.body
(associated with allergies)
Located on blood vessels, bronchial smooth muscles, intestinal smooth muscles, CNS

# data[].attributes.body
(GI issues)
Located on stomach, heart, uterine tissue, blood vessels

# data[].attributes.body
1. theophylline (Theo-dur®)
2. aminophylline (Paladron®)

# data[].attributes.body
1. ipratropium bromide (Atrovent®)

# data[].attributes.body
Receptor: block histamine from h-1 receptors
Action: blocks any histamine receptors and stops responses

# data[].attributes.body
Receptor: beta-2 adrenergic receptors
Action: treats asthma, COPD, URI, bronchitis

# data[].attributes.body
Receptor: cyclic AMP
Action: increases cyclic AMP (formed from sympathetic activation) --> bronchodilation; mucociliary clearance

# data[].attributes.body
Receptor: muscarinic receptor
Action: blocks muscarinic receptors, blocks actions of ACH which causes bronchodilation

# data[].attributes.body
Receptor: anticholinergic + beta-2 agonist

# data[].attributes.headline
Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor Inhibitor 

# data[].attributes.subject
Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor Inhibitor 

# data[].attributes.body
Action: anti-inflammatory, inhibits formation of prostaglandin derivatives called leukotrienes (bronchoconstriction, mucus production, inflammation)

# data[].attributes.body
Receptor: Alpha-1
Action: contraction of smooth muscle, constriction of blood vessels, increase in BP, promotes decongestion

# data[].attributes.body
Receptor: muscarinic receptor
Action: mimics ACH, pupil constriction, decreases amount of fluid in eye, decreases intraocular pressure, prevents constipation and urinary retention

# data[].attributes.body
Receptor: nicotinic 2 (Nm)
Action: inhibits ACH, increases ACH

# data[].attributes.body
1. acetylcholine
2. pilocarpine (Pilocar®)
3. bethanechol (Urecholine®)

# data[].attributes.body
1. neostigmine (Prostigmin®)

# data[].attributes.body
1. atropine *antidote for cholinergic poisoning*
2. dicyclomine (Bentyl®)
3. ipratropium bromide (Atrovent®)

# data[].attributes.headline
Peripheral Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Depolarizing Agents 

# data[].attributes.subject
Peripheral Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Depolarizing Agents 

# data[].attributes.body
1. succinycholine
*no antidote

# data[].attributes.headline
Peripheral Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Non-Depolarizing Agents 

# data[].attributes.subject
Peripheral Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Non-Depolarizing Agents 

# data[].attributes.body
1. rocuronium bromide (Zemuron®)
*antidote = neostigmine (Prostigmin®)

# data[].attributes.headline
Peripheral Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Direct Acting Agents 

# data[].attributes.subject
Peripheral Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Direct Acting Agents 

# data[].attributes.body
1. dantrolene (Dantrium®)

# data[].attributes.headline
Centrally Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants 

# data[].attributes.subject
Centrally Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants 

# data[].attributes.body
1. cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril®)
2. carisoprodol (Soma®)
3. methocarbamol (Robaxin®)
4. orphenadrine citrate (Norflex®)
5. chlorzocazone (Parafon Forte DSC®)
6. metaxalone (Skelaxin®)

# data[].attributes.body
1. neostigmine (Prostigmin®)
2. pyridostigmine
3. ambenonium

# data[].attributes.body
Action: inhibits inflammatory response

# data[].attributes.body
Receptor: cholinergic receptor
Action: acts as a blocking drug; competitive antagonism; increases HR, decreases vagus nerve activity (parasympathetic), slows digestion and urination, mydriasis, decreases GI secretions and motility, causes bronchodilation

# data[].attributes.body
Actions: increases respiratory secretions, lubricate and liquefy mucus

# data[].attributes.body
1. ephedrine
2. phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine®)

# data[].attributes.body
1. epinephrine (Adrenalin®)

# data[].attributes.body
1. prazosin (Minipress®)
2. terazosin (Hytrin®)
3. doxazosin (Cardura®)

# data[].attributes.body
1. dobutamine (Dobutamine®)

# data[].attributes.body
1. albuterol (Proventil®, Ventolin®)
2. terbutaline (Brethine®)
3. formoterol (Foradil®)
4. salmeterol (Serevent®)

# data[].attributes.body
1. atenolol (Tenormin®)
2. metoprolol (Lopressor®)

# data[].attributes.body
1. nadolol (Corgard®)
2. propanolol (Inderal®)
3. Timolol (Blocadren®)

# data[].attributes.body
Receptor: alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1, beta-2
Action: vasopressor (vasoconstriction, increases BP, cardiac stimulant, bronchodilator

# data[].attributes.body
Receptor: binds to alpha-1 receptors and blocks them
Action: relaxation of smooth muscle, vasodilation of blood vessels, decreases BP, relaxes smooth muscle of ureters, increase in urine flow

# data[].attributes.body
Receptors: Low dose = dopaminergic (d-1) receptors, Moderate dose = beta-1 receptors, High dose = alpha-1 receptors
Action: vasodilation, increase in renal blood flow, increases force of contraction within the heart, increase cardiac output, vasoconstriction (increase in BP)

# data[].attributes.body
Receptor: beta-2
Action: relaxation of smooth muscle in lungs (bronchodilation), relaxation of smooth muscle in uterus

# data[].attributes.body
Receptor: beta-1 receptor is blocked
Action: decreases force of contraction, cardiac output, HR, conduction, BP

# data[].attributes.body
Receptor: blocks beta-1 and beta-2 receptors
Action: decreases force of contraction, cardiac output, HR, conduction, BP, and causes bronchoconstriction

# data[].attributes.body
Action: liquefy bronchial secretions

# data[].attributes.headline
Peripheral Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Depolarizing Agents 

# data[].attributes.subject
Peripheral Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Depolarizing Agents 

# data[].attributes.body
Receptor: nicotinic 2/Nm
Action: binds to the receptor and induces depolarization (muscle fasciculations), alters the receptor so it cannot respond to endogenous ACH and prevents contractions from occurring

# data[].attributes.headline
Peripheral Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Non-Depolarizing Agents 

# data[].attributes.subject
Peripheral Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Non-Depolarizing Agents 

# data[].attributes.body
Receptor: nicotinic 2/Nm
Action: occupies Nm receptor sites, ACH cannot bind, no contraction occurs, no depolarization occurs

# data[].attributes.headline
Peripheral Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Direct Acting Agents 

# data[].attributes.subject
Peripheral Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Direct Acting Agents 

# data[].attributes.body
Receptor: nicotinic 2/Nm receptors not affected
Action: inhibits skeletal muscle contraction, blocks Ca+ release within the muscle fiber

# data[].attributes.headline
Centrally Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants 

# data[].attributes.subject
Centrally Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants 

# data[].attributes.body
Receptor: postsynaptic nicotinic receptors
Action: decreases number of impulses available to produce a contraction at motor neurons, blocks conduction within the spinal cord

# data[].attributes.body
Receptor: antibodies attack nicotinic 2/Nm receptors
Action: increases ACH at all nicotinic receptor locations, decreases activity of acetylcholinesterase that breaks down ACH, causes skeletal muscle weakness, paralysis, and eyelids droop

# data[].attributes.body
Most arteries are not supplied by parasympathetic nerves

# data[].attributes.body
Decreases heart rate, AV conduction, and slight decrease in contractility

# data[].attributes.body
Increased

# data[].attributes.body
Acetylcholine released

# data[].attributes.body
Constriction (miosis)

# data[].attributes.body
Bronchoconstriction

# data[].attributes.body
Contraction

# data[].attributes.body
Relaxation

# data[].attributes.body
Release of epinephrine

# data[].attributes.body
Vasoconstriction (exceptions to coronary arteries and arteries to skeletal muscle, which are dilated)

# data[].attributes.body
Increases heart rate, AV conduction, contractility

# data[].attributes.body
Decreased

# data[].attributes.body
Norepinephrine released

# data[].attributes.body
Dilation (mydriasis)

# data[].attributes.body
Bronchodilation

# data[].attributes.body
Relaxation

# data[].attributes.body
Contraction

# data[].attributes.body
Located on cardiac, smooth muscle, and glands and are at parasympathetic postganglionic nerve endings

# data[].attributes.body
Found on glands, smooth muscles, eyes, most arteries and veins

# data[].attributes.body
Found on adrenergic nerve endings

# data[].attributes.body
1. Norepinephrine (NE); released at postganglionic nerve endings
2. Epinephrine (EPI); acts on adrenergic receptors
3. Dopamine (DA); released into nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex

# data[].attributes.body
1. Sympathetic Nervous System (Adrenergic)
2. Parasympathetic Nervous System (Cholinergic)

# data[].attributes.body
Located on both sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia

# data[].attributes.body
(pain and inflammation)
Located on neurons, presynaptic areas of the brain, H-4-WBCs

# data[].attributes.body
1. Acetylcholine (ACH); released at ganglia from presynaptic nerve endings in both systems

# data[].attributes.body
Located on the heart

# data[].attributes.body
Located on smooth muscle, lungs, uterus, skeletal muscle arteries, coronary artieries

# data[].attributes.body
Located at the neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle

# data[].attributes.body
1. ipratropium bromide (Atrovent®)
2. albuterol sulfate (Combivent®)

# data[].attributes.headline
Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor Inhibitor 

# data[].attributes.subject
Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor Inhibitor 

# data[].attributes.body
1. montelukast (Singulair®)

# data[].attributes.body
1. budenoside (Rhinocort®, Pulmicort®)
2. mometasone (Nasonex®, Asmanex®)
3. fluticasone (Flonase®, Flovent®)
4. flunisolide (Nasalide®)
5. triamcinolone (Nasacort®, Azmacort®)

# data[].attributes.body
Action: prevents cough center in brain from being stimulated (cough suppression)

# data[].attributes.body
1. guaifenesin (Robitussin®, Mucinex®, Organidin®)

# data[].attributes.body
1. acetylcysteine

# data[].attributes.body
A. Narcotics (opioid)
1. hydrocodone (Hycodan®)
2. codeine/guaifenesin (Robitussin AC®)

B. Non-Narcotics
1. dextromethorphan/guaifenesin (Robitussin DM®)
2. benzonatate (Tessalon Perles®)

# data[].attributes.body
Receptor: alpha-1
Action: vasoconstrictors; stimulate alpha-1 receptors, decrease swelling of mucous membranes, alleviate nasal stuffiness, allow secretions to drain

# data[].attributes.body
1. oxymetazoline (Afrin®)
2. pheniramine (Dristan®)
3. Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine®)
4. pseudoephedrine (Sudafed®)

# data[].attributes.body
Hitner, H., Nagle, B. (2022). Pharmacology for health professionals. McGraw-Hill Education LLC.