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Plot: The structure of interrelated actions, consciously selected and arranged by the author.

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What are the 7 Major Plots in Storytelling?

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Exposition: The background information on the characters and setting explained at the beginning of the story.

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What is Exposition in Screenwriting — 4 Keys to Writing Film Exposition That Works

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Rising Action: The section of a story that leads towards its climax.

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Climax: The decisive moment, or turning point, at which the rising action of the play is reversed to falling action.

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Falling Action: The period after the dramatic confrontation of the climax.

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Resolution: The end of the story. It occurs after the climax.

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Literature & Reading : What Is Story Resolution?

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Setting: The time and place in which a story is told.

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"What is a Setting?": A Literary Guide for English Students and Teachers

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Protagonist: The character who drives the action--the character whose fate matters most.
Antagonist: The principal opponent or foil of the main character, who is referred to as the protagonist, in a drama or narrative.

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Conflict: Thwarted, endangered, or opposing desire.

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Internal Conflict: When a character struggles with their own opposing desires or beliefs.

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Internal conflict writing  (TWO MINUTE TECHNIQUE)

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man vs man: Involves two characters struggling against each other.

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Man vs Society: A story in which an individual (or a small group of individuals) chooses to or is forced to fight against their society or community.

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Man vs Nature: An external struggle positioning the character against an animal or a force of nature.

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Man vs Technology: When a protagonist is facing machines or technology (such as mechanical failure or robots) and must prevail against it.

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Theme: the main idea or underlying meaning a writer explores in a novel, short story, or other literary work.

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OSU School of Writing, Literature and Film

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"What is a Theme in Literature?": A Literary Guide for English Students and Teachers

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Diction: Choice of words, especially with regard to correctness, clearness, or effectiveness.

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Diction: Explanation, Effects, Example | AP Lang Rhetorical Strategies

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Syntax: the set of rules that determines the arrangement of words in a sentence.

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Connotation: The emotional suggestions of a word, that is not literal.
DENOTATION: The direct definition of the word that you find in the dictionary.

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Connotation vs. Denotation | Literature | Chegg Tutors

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Tone:
The stylistic means by which an author conveys his/her attitude(s) in a work of literature.

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mood: A feeling that can refer to the emotional state of mind of a person/character or the atmosphere of a story.

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Flashback: A scene that takes place before a story begins.

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OSU School of Writing, Literature and Film

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"What is a Flashback?": A Literary Guide for English Students and Teachers

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Foreshadowing: A narrative device in which suggestions or warnings about events to come are dropped or planted.

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Foreshadowing | Definition & Examples of Foreshadowing

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Parallelism: The repetition of words, phrases or sentences, and even ideas.

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POV: The vantage point from which a story is presented.

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OSU School of Writing, Literature and Film

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"What is Point of View?": A Literary Guide for English Students and Teachers

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First Person: A mode of storytelling in which a storyteller recounts events from his or her own point of view

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First Person Narrative: Examples | What is First Person Narrative? - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com

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What is first person narrative? Read a first person narrator definition and see first person narrative examples, along with the benefits and...

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Second Person: A little-used technique of narrative in which the action is driven by a character ascribed to the reader, one known as you.

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0:00 / 4:21•Watch full video

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Third Person Objective: The narrator reports the events that take place without knowing the motivations or thoughts of any of the characters.

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Third Person Objective Point of View // 5th grade online lesson

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Third Person Limited: A narration style that gives the perspective of a single character.

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Third Person Omniscient: The teller of the tale, who often appears to speak with the voice of the author himself, assumes an omniscient (all-knowing) perspective on the story being told

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Simile: A figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind, used to make a description more emphatic or vivid

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OSU School of Writing, Literature and Film

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"What is a Simile?": A Literary Guide for English Students and Teachers

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Metaphor: A figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable

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OSU School of Writing, Literature and Film

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"What is a Metaphor?": A Literary Guide for English Students and Teachers

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Extended Metaphor: A version of metaphor that extends over the course of multiple lines, paragraphs, or stanzas of prose or poetry

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Personification: a poetic literary device in which non-living things are given human traits

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Oregon State University - School of Writing, Literature and Film

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"What is Personification?": A Literary Guide for English Students and Teachers

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Hyperbole: A figure of speech that is an intentional exaggeration for emphasis or comic effect.

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What is Hyperbole? | Educational Rap for Language Arts Students

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Symbolism: The idea that things represent other things.

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Oxymoron: A rhetorical term that describes words or phrases that, when placed together, create paradoxes or contradictions

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0:00 / 1:00•Watch full video

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Oxymoron - Figure of Speech | Definition with Examples

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Euphemism: An appropriate expression used in the place of a phrase or words that may be found inappropriate or offensive

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Allusion: Allusion is a figure of speech, in which an object or circumstance from unrelated context is referred to covertly or indirectly

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Assonance: The repetition of vowel sounds across a line of text or poetry.

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What is assonance? 🤔 | Assonance in English | Learn with examples

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Alliteration: The repetition of vowel sounds across a line of text or poetry.

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Cliché:  A trite phrase or expression

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What Is A Cliché? | Easy Exemplary English

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Idioms: a widely used saying or expression that contains a figurative meaning that is different from the phrase's literal meaning

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Idioms | Award Winning Teaching Video | What Is An Idiom? | Figurative Language

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Pun: An intentional rearrangement or selection of words in order to create humor

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What is a Pun? Definition with Examples | Figures of Speech

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Irony: Whenever a person says something or does something that departs from what they (or we) expect them to say or do.

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OSU School of Writing, Literature and Film

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"What is Irony?": A Literary Guide for English Students and Teachers

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Verbal Irony: When the literal meaning of what someone says is different from—and often opposite to—what they actually mean.

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What is verbal irony? - Christopher Warner

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Situational Irony: The irony of something happening that is very different to what was expected.

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Dramatic Irony: A literary device by which the audience's or reader's understanding of events or individuals in a work surpasses that of its characters.

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Characterization: A name for the methods a writer uses to reveal a character's values, feelings, goals, etc. to readers

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Direct Characterization: The writer makes direct statements about a character's personality and tells the reader or viewer what the character is like

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Indirect Characterization: A type of literary device that reveals details about a character without stating them explicitly.

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Static Character: One that does not undergo important change in the course of the story, remaining essentially the same at the end

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Dynamic Character: A character who undergoes some important change in the course of the story

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Flat Character: Two-dimensional in that they are relatively uncomplicated and do not change throughout the course of a work.

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Round Character: Characters as described by the course of their development in a work of literature.

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Rhetoric: The study and uses of written, spoken and visual language

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Ethos: Focuses attention on the writer's or speaker's trustworthiness.

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Ethos: Explanation, Effects, Example | AP Lang Rhetorical Strategies

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Pathos: To persuade an audience by purposely evoking certain emotions to make them feel the way the author wants them to feel

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Logos: To appeal to the audiences' sense of reason or logic.

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Logos: Explanation, Effects, Example | AP Lang Rhetorical Strategies