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Plot-the story line or order of events in a book, play, or movie.

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Exposition-It is the background information on the characters and setting explained at the beginning of the story.

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Rising Action-The rising action of the story is all of the events that lead to the eventual climax, including character development and events that create suspense.

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Climax-the most exciting or interesting point in a series of events.

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Falling Action-The story begins to move to the conclusion, or the resolution, at which point everything will be tied up and resolved.

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Resolution- the end of the story.

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Setting-the surroundings in which an event takes place

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Story Elements for Kids: What Is a Setting?

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Protagonist-the leading character in a literary work.
Antagonist-a person who fights against another

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Conflict-those problems are called conflict. More precisely, conflict means thwarted, endangered, or opposing desire.

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Internal Conflict-when a character struggles with their own opposing desires or beliefs.

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What is Internal Conflict | Explained in 2 min

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External conflict- sets a character against something or someone beyond their control.

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man vs. man- involves two characters struggling against each other.

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man vs. society-  a story in which an individual (or a small group of individuals) chooses to or is forced to fight against their society or community.

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man vs. nature- is an external struggle positioning the character against an animal or a force of nature, such as a storm or tornado or snow.

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man vs. technology- is a type of conflict in fiction, of which The Terminator and The Matrix are popular examples.

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Theme-  the main idea or underlying meaning a writer.

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Diction-word choice and arrangement in speech or writing, esp. as a reflection of forcefulness or effectiveness.

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Syntax-the study of the way sentences are formed, and how the words go together.

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0:00 / 7:57•Watch full video

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Connotation/Denotation-
DENOTATION: The direct definition of the word that you find in the dictionary.
CONNOTATION: The emotional suggestions of a word, that is not literal.

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DENOTATIONS & CONNOTATIONS | English Lesson

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Tone- It is the stylistic means by which an author conveys his/her attitude(s) in a work of literature.

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Mood-a literary element that evokes certain feelings or vibes in readers through words and descriptions.

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Flashback-a past event that interrupts the forward action of a play, movie, novel, or the like.

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OSU School of Writing, Literature and Film

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"What is a Flashback?": A Literary Guide for English Students and Teachers

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Foreshadowing-to signal or indicate beforehand; presage; prefigure.

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Parallelism- a literary device in which parts of the sentence are grammatically the same, or are similar in construction.

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Parallelism: The secret to great writing

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POV-is the perspective from which an author tells a story.

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First person vs. Second person vs. Third person - Rebekah Bergman

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First Person-The narrator is a person in the story, telling the story from their own point of view.

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Second Person-a little-used technique of narrative in which the action is driven by a character ascribed to the reader, one known as you.

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Third Person Objective-  has a neutral narrator that is not privy to characters' thoughts or feelings.

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Third Person Limited- is a narrative viewpoint where the story is told from the close perspective of one character.

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Third Person Omniscient- is a method of storytelling in which the narrator knows the thoughts and feelings of all of the characters in the story.

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Simile-Is a figure of speech that makes a comparison, showing similarities between two different things using the words “like” or “as.”

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Metaphor and Extended Metaphor-
A metaphor is a literary device that figuratively compares and equates two things that are not alike.
An extended metaphor is a version of metaphor that extends over the course of multiple lines, paragraphs, or stanzas of prose or poetry.

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Personification-  attribution of personal qualities.

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Hyperbole- a figure of speech that is an intentional exaggeration for emphasis or comic effect.

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Symbolism- the idea that things represent other things.

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OSU School of Writing, Literature and Film

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"What is Symbolism?": A Literary Guide for English Teachers and Students

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Oxymoron-  a rhetorical term that describes words or phrases that, when placed together, create paradoxes or contradictions.

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Oregon State University - School of Writing, Literature and Film

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"What is an Oxymoron?": A Literary Guide for English Students and Teachers

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Euphemism- an appropriate expression used in the place of a phrase or words that may be found inappropriate or offensive.

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Allusion- a brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing or idea of historical, cultural, literary or political significance.

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Assonance- a literary technique where the same or similar vowel sound is repeated.

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Oregon State University - School of Writing, Literature and Film

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"What are Assonance and Consonance?": A Literary Guide for English Students and Teachers

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Alliteration- the repetition of the same sound at the start of a series of words in succession whose purpose is to provide an audible pulse that gives a piece of writing a lulling, lyrical, and/or emotive effect.

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What is Alliteration? || Literary Device Lectures

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Cliché-  a scenario or expression that is used excessively, to the point that it is considered unoriginal.

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0:00 / 0:23•Watch full video

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Cliché Meaning | Daily vocabulary | Vocabgram

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Idioms-  phrases that are not meant to be taken literally but that have a widely understood meaning in a given language or culture.

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Idioms | Award Winning Teaching Video | What Is An Idiom? | Figurative Language

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Pun-  is an intentional rearrangement or selection of words in order to create humor.

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What is a Pun? Definition with Examples | Figures of Speech

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Irony- whenever a person says something or does something that departs from what they (or we) expect them to say or do.

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What is Irony? Definition and Its Types with Examples.

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Verbal Irony- a figure of speech.

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What is verbal irony? - Christopher Warner

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Situational Irony- the irony of something happening that is very different to what was expected.

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Dramatic Irony-  a literary device by which the audience's or reader's understanding of events or individuals in a work surpasses that of its characters.

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Characterization- a name for the methods a writer uses to reveal a character's values, feelings, goals, etc. to readers.

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Direct Characterization- when an author describes a character in a straightforward manner, as if telling the reader directly.

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Indirect Characterization- a type of literary device that reveals details about a character without stating them explicitly.

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Static Character- one that does not undergo important change in the course of the story, remaining essentially the same at the end.

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Dynamic Character- a character who undergoes some important change in the course of the story.

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Flat Characters- are two-dimensional in that they are relatively uncomplicated and do not change throughout the course of work.

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Round Character- characters as described by the course of their development in a work of literature.

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Rhetoric- the study and uses of written, spoken and visual language.

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What Is Rhetoric?: Study Hall Writing Composition #10: ASU + Crash Course

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Ethos-  Focuses attention on the writer's or speaker's trustworthiness.

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Pathos- to persuade an audience by purposely evoking certain emotions to make them feel the way the author wants them to feel.

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Logos- to appeal to the audiences' sense of reason or logic.