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Spider silk: tensile strength similar to steel | It can be used in a bulletproof vest, as it is not very heavy, but is still strong.

Crocodile skin: thick, rounded bumps can deflect projectiles to some extent | Can be used as protection for fields of work working with small firearms (police)

Termite mound: collection of termites build a temperature system which keeps temperature low, shown by the 40+ temperatures in Zimbabwe dropping to 27 with this termite mound | Can be studied to see if the effects of this can be further dropped for other countries with lower temperatures.

Planes - inspired by birds. How the plane glides through the air and uses its wings to produce lift | Chemistry can be used to determine the best resources/materials for a plane.

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Solar panels inspired by leaves, the design of solar panels has been influenced by the structure and function of leaves, which efficiently capture sunlight for photosynthesis. This example relates to physics and renewable energy.

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Biology: Spider silk, tensile strength similar to steel. It can be used in a bulletproof vest, as it is not very heavy, but is still strong.

Physics: Crocodile skin, thick, rounded bumps can deflect projectiles to some extent. Can be used as protection for fields of work working with small firearms (police)

ESS: Termite mound, collection of termites build a temperature system which keeps temperature low, shown by the 40+ temperatures in zimbabwe dropping to 27 with this termite mound. Can be studied to see if the effects of this can be further dropped for other countries with lower temperatures.

Physics: Planes - inspired by birds. How the plane glides through the air and uses its wings to produce lift. Chemistry can be used to determine the best resources/materials for a plane.

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1) Using the shape of a snow leopard claw to create studs in winter tires. Goosebumps cause human hair to lift when it is cold so with a sort of artificial muscle that contracts when it is cold the scales could extend and retract.

2) Armadillo shell - it is very strong and is their form of armor. Could be applied to human armor

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Chemistry: The ideas that fit into chemistry is the tape that works in water. This is inspired by mussels that are able to make their glue underwater.

Physics: The idea that was inspired by the birds for the planes. This uses the structure of the wings to help the plane fly better.

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1. Electric eels have an organ that generates electricity to stun their prey. Naturally, eels do not generate a current because of the configuration of their cells, however when triggered, an influx of sodium ions changes the polarity of the cells, inducing a current to shock. By studying this, we are able to create natural batteries through the use of salt water concentrations.

2. Otters swim in cold water. They keep their body heat without even insulating a layer of blubber. They have the densest fur of any mammal, that prevents frigid water from soaking through to the skin, where it can sap body heat. With this, we can create hairy wet suits for people who dive in cold water. Surfaces covered with forests of stubby rods can lead to fur inspired fabrics

3. The observation of fluid dynamics in nature can allow for less loss of energy through our innovations which attempt to harness the energy in wind and air to create energy. This is linked to fluid dynamics in physics

4. The observation of hermit crabs using certain behaviours to find new shells fast could be studied in ESS through considering the connection between environmental systems and social behaviour from organisms, also how information is exchanged to navigate through changing ecosystems.

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Organic Chemistry: The breakdown of chlorophyll and the formation of fluorescent intermediates in banana peels involve organic chemistry principles. You can explore the chemical reactions and transformations that occur during the ripening process, including the breakdown of chlorophyll and the formation of compounds responsible for the blue fluorescence in the UV region. This can include discussions on oxidation reactions, pigment degradation, and the formation of conjugated systems in organic molecules.

Biochemistry: The breakdown of chlorophyll and the ripening process in bananas involve biochemical reactions. You can examine the enzymatic processes responsible for the breakdown of chlorophyll and the formation of fluorescent intermediates. Additionally, you can explore the role of enzymes, such as chlorophyllase, in catalyzing these reactions. This can be connected to topics such as enzymatic kinetics, metabolic pathways, and the biochemistry of fruit ripening.

Cell Biology: The mechanism by which volatile compounds in oregano destroy fungi involves breaking down their cell membranes. This process can be explored within the context of cell biology, focusing on the structure and function of cell membranes, as well as the impact of external substances on membrane integrity. You can discuss how the specific chemical constituents of oregano disrupt fungal cell membranes, leading to their destruction.

Microbiology: The study of fungi and their interactions with other organisms falls under the domain of microbiology. You can examine the impact of volatile compounds from oregano on fungal growth and survival, discussing how these compounds specifically target fungi and not other organisms. Additionally, you can explore the potential applications of oregano extracts or volatile compounds in controlling fungal infections or developing antifungal treatments.

Biomes and Sustainability: By examining the adaptations and interactions of plant species in prairies, these ecosystems have developed sustainable strategies to utilize limited resources efficiently. This can include mechanisms such as deep-rooted perennial grasses that store water and nutrients and enable long-term ecosystem stability.

Ecosystems and Ecology: The diversity of plant species in prairies allows for a wider range of root structures, enabling them to access water and nutrients from different soil layers. Additionally, the varying life-spans of plants contribute to the cycling of nutrients within the ecosystem.

How we might study it in Physics: In Physics, we can study the principles of fluid dynamics and how they apply to the movement of objects through water. We can use mathematical equations and computer simulations to model the flow of water around objects, such as fish or boats, and analyze the forces and pressures involved. By studying the efficient swimming technique of dolphins, we can gain insights into how they minimize drag and turbulence in water, and use this knowledge to design more efficient watercraft or swimming techniques.

How we might study it in Computer Science: In Computer Science, we can study the algorithms and data structures used in simulations of fluid dynamics. We can use machine learning techniques to analyze the movements of dolphins and other aquatic animals to identify patterns and develop models that can be used to optimize the performance of underwater vehicles or swimming techniques. We can also use computer vision techniques to track the movements of swimmers or aquatic animals and analyze their technique in real-time to provide feedback and improve their performance.

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Sharks:

The texture on the skin of sharks has inspired the design of materials that have antimicrobial properties, which could be used to prevent the spread of bacteria in hospitals and other environments.

The skin of sharks inspired the development of non-stick surfaces that have applications in many industries, including medical, food production, and transportation.

Sharks have influenced swimwear design in a few ways. One of the most popular is the use of shark skin-like fabrics to reduce drag and improve speed. The texture of shark skin is composed of tiny, diamond-shaped scales that create less drag in the water by directing water flow over the body. Swimwear made from materials with a similar texture can help swimmers move faster through the water.

Some swimsuit designers have been inspired by the unique shapes and patterns of sharks, incorporating them into their designs. For instance, some suits have a tessellated pattern resembling the shape of shark scales and fins. Others may be designed to look like the patterns on a shark's body or their teeth.

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Termite Inspired Building:
By mimicking the Termite mound structure, allowing structural ventilation, the building was able to cool itself. This not only saved cost but used the materials efficiently.  This relates to our subjects in Design & Technology because architecture is one of the pillars. Identifying consumer needs and meeting them sustainably are all an integral part of the process.
Computer science can be used in modeling data but also simulations about termite behaviour. Also, it can be used for data analysis.
The termite mounds are made from organic and inorganic substances that allow for these processes to occur.

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Pigment molecules in plants: Chlorophyll is a pigment found in chloroplasts. It’s an important piece of photosynthesis. When light hits a pigment molecule, it “excites” the molecule to a higher energy level. This is temporary, so when the molecules slow down, energy is released. More energy = more growth. What concentration would be ideal to maximise plant growth?

Snake Shape: Scale shape of snakes allows for the level of friction  between snake and ground to depend on the direction  at which force is exerted. I would be studying the physics behind the friction. As Sea snakes also move with the same type of motion it could be interesting to see the benefits of that motion.

Panting cools blood: Biology wise, this is necessary as it lives in an extreme environment which is mostly cold but can go up to warm temperatures, the lost heat is necessary for maintain homeostasis. Physics wise, this is an example of radiation and the loss of heat. Chemistry wise, this demonstrates the thermal properties of water.

Bone structures protect: This links to sport science as the type of bones and the structure of the bones allows the organisms to remain safe from danger like getting attacked or falling, but also provide flexibility so that the animals can keep moving around.

Multiple layers allow the shells to be more resilient.

Turtles have natural buoyancy which could be explored to create a swimming vest which would allow children to learn to swim.

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Computer viruses - Many computer viruses mimic real world viruses such as the Flu, spreading from computer to computer much like how the flu spreads from person to person. Computer viruses and real viruses actually make copies of themselves as well.

We can use biomimicry to develop programs and algorithms in computer science to advance technology and computational thinking. It can also be used to prevent malware, where to remedy viruses in the real world we use vaccines, we can create similar remedies using computational thinking.

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1. Echolocation and Sonar Technology: Bats and dolphins use echolocation to navigate and locate objects in their environmen, inspired sonar systems which are widely used in various applications; marine navigation, fishing, and underwater mapping.

2. Burrowing Robots and Sandfish Lizard: The sandfish lizard can burrow through loose sand very easily. Robots can been created to mimic this, these robots can be used for applications such as underground exploration, search and rescue operations in collapsed structures, or even for soil analysis in agricultural settings.

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1. Spintex silk:Green chemistry is used to find compounds that mimic spider silk. This provides a green alternative to plastic textiles. Chemistry is important to understand the structure and bonding of compounds used.

2. Ants and Traffic: Looking into the reasons and ways that ants organise themselves to be more productive in their ecosystem. From there seeing how to implement their strategies and how it would affect us and other larger ecosystems.

3. Converting predators to seed dispensers: Chemistry is used by Ochradenus fruits to make rodents spit out seeds, thus making them act as seed dispensers rather than predators.

4. Toucans: The beak of a toucan uses chemicals and physics to be as strong as possible which allows it to break open hard shells etc.

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Cybersecurity & Biology: Computer Science and Biology
Gecko Tape: Design Tech and Biology
Bio-inspired clothing technology: How insects inspire better waterproof breathable sportsware: Design Tech, Biology and Sports Science

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High powered cleaners inspired by enzymes: Biology and Chemistry

Burrowing robots inspired by Earthworms:
Physics and Computer Science

Peer to peer learning spreads innovation rapidly:
Environmental systems and Societies

High-Performance Actuator Inspired by Human Muscles:
Sports Science

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Agriculture is something that fits ESS because the fixing of man-made problems such as industrial waste through agriculture. Neural-networks for computer science. And desert Beatles for Biology, because it delves into animal systems and nature.

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Sharkskin inspired swimsuits. Sharkskin reduces drag because of the small tooth like scales that it has. This was mimicked in swimsuits to enhance the performance of swimmers.