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Evolution of The Apartheid in South Africa 

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Evolution of The Apartheid in South Africa 

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Segregation ended in 1865 after the thirteenth amendment was adopted. However, racial tensions and the need to separate people of colour from white people remained.

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Apartheid was a system of institutionalized racial oppression that existed in South Africa from 1948 until the early 1990s. This system denied non-white South Africans their rights. The all-white government immediately began enforcing policies of racial segregation. This lasted many years.

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The National Party was founded in 1914. The National Party was run by white men and were dedicated to policies of Apartheid and white supremacy.

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Then in 1948 the policy of Apartheid (separateness between Blacks and Whites) began when the National Party took power.

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The population was classified by race starting in 1950. The Group Areas Act passed to segregate blacks and whites at all times.

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The Communist Party was banned. They believed in equality. The African National Congress responded to the National Parties laws with a campaign of civil disobedience led by Nelson Mandela.

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Violence became the new normal. In 1960, seventy black demonstrators were killed in Sharpeville. It was known as the Sharpeville Masscre. The African National Congress was banned illegal and many were taken away to prison.

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South Africa was excluded from the 1964 Olympic Games in order to demonstrate the unified and international disapproval of South African Apartheid.

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In 1964, African National Congress leader Nelson Mandela, who had been advocating consistently for change, was sentenced to life in prison for his part involving civil disobedience. Two years later, Prime Minister of South Africa Hendrik Verwoerd was politically assassinated. His killer hoped that a change of policy would take place as he was disgusted with his racial policies.

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More than 3 million people were forcibly resettled from their homes into black 'homelands' in the 1970s. Non-whites were known as many things, Natives included.

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In 1976, more than 600 people were killed in riots between black protesters and security forces during the uprising which started in Soweto, South Africa.

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This started a township revolt and state of emergency from 1984 - 1989 and detained hundreds of activists in an effort to crush disagreement before Monday which was the 10th anniversary of the Soweto uprisings.

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A man of the name FW de Klerk replaced the president and met with Nelson Mandela in prison. Public facilities began to be desegregated. Many of the African National Congress activists were freed. This was a pivotal moment that incited real movement towards change.

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The African National Congress was unbanned in 1990. Nelson Mandela was released after 27 years in prison. Events were taking a turn for the better.

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1991 was the start of multi-party talk. De Klerk, the president, repealed the remaining apartheid laws and most international sanctions were lifted.

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In April 1994, the African National Congress won the first non-racial elections. Nelson Mandela became president, Government of National Unity was formed, Commonwealth membership was restored and all remaining sanctions lifted. South Africa took a seat in UN General Assembly after their 20-year absence.

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