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Memory is a cognitive process that involves encoding, storage, and retrieval of information. There are several types of memory that are important to focus on in educational environments such as sensory memory, short-term memory and long-term memory (Sousa, 2022).

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Sensory memory briefly holds sensory information such as visual and auditory for a short period of time. It helps in processing incoming sensory information before determining its relevance for further processing (Sousa, 2022).

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Short-term memory holds information temporarily and is involved in conscious thought processes. It facilitates tasks like comprehension, problem-solving, and decision-making by manipulating information (Sousa, 2022).

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Long-term memory stores information for extended periods and includes episodic, semantic, and procedural memories. It supports the retention of knowledge, skills, and experiences that shape understanding and behavior over time (Sousa, 2022).

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Encoding: Information enters the brain through sensory systems, where it is processed and encoded based on its importance and relevance.

Consolidation: Memories are stabilized and strengthened through processes like synaptic consolidation (short-term memory to long-term memory transfer) and system consolidation (reorganization in the brain over time).

Retrieval: Memories are accessed and retrieved when needed, influenced by cues, context, and emotional states (Sousa, 2022).

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Strategies to Improve Memory, Retention, and Transfer

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Strategies to Improve Memory, Retention, and Transfer

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1. Making Meaningful Connections:

Encouraging learners to relate new information to existing knowledge or personal experiences enhances meaningful encoding and retention. This strategy helps create an understanding and facilitates retrieval by embedding new knowledge into existing cognitive frameworks. In educational settings, educators can use personal preferences, analogies, real-life examples,  that resonate with learners' backgrounds or interests to promote deeper understanding and retention (Benhamdi et al., 2017).

2. Involving Sensory Experiences:

Engaging multiple senses such as visual, auditory, kinesthetic during learning enhances memory encoding and retrieval through sensory integration. Incorporating sensory experiences into lessons like hands-on activities, multimedia and presentations promotes active engagement and strengthens neural connections associated with memory formation (Cavanagh et al., 2023).

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Retention: Refers to the ability to retain or remember learned information over time, influenced by factors like repetition, meaningfulness, and emotional engagement.

Transfer: Refers to the application of learned information or skills to new situations or contexts, indicating true understanding and adaptability (Sousa, 2022).

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Trauma can impact memory processing due to its effects on brain structures and functions:

Hippocampus and Amygdala: Trauma can alter the functioning of these brain regions involved in memory formation and emotional processing.

Stress Response: High levels of stress hormones can impair memory encoding and retrieval.

Fragmented Memories: Trauma may lead to fragmented memories affecting the coherence and integration of experiences.

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These strategies can enhance memory, retention, and transfer by consider the specific needs of learners by promoting a supportive and engaging learning environment. Educators can tailor their strategies and approaches to promote high learning outcomes.

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Benhamdi, S., Babouri, A., & Chiky, R. (2017). Personalized recommender system for e-learning environment. Education and Information Technologies, 22(4), 1455-1477. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1007/s10639-016-9504-y

Cavanagh, T. M., & Kiersch, C. (2023). Using commonly-available technologies to create online multimedia lessons through the application of the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning. Educational Technology Research & Development, 71(3), 1033–1053. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1007/s11423-022-10181-1

Sousa, D.A. (2022). How the brain learns (6th ed). Corwin Sage Publishing. https://bibliu.com/app/#/view/books/9781071855348/epub/OEBPS/s9781071855324.i603.html#page 30