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Claim: Estrangement exists within the process of labor, and it causes the distortion of the true value of commodities.

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Claim: Estrangement exists within the process of labor, and it causes the distortion of the true value of commodities.

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1. The relation introduced to workers with their products is a social relation.

2. What determines the value of commodities isn’t the material that it’s made of.

3. There’s a natural fetishism that exists within the nature of commodities.

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In Karl Marx’s work, “Capital”, he identifies the concept of fetishism and the sense of alienation man faces due to his laboring activity, becoming independent from him but having control over him even though it is a separate objective entity itself. 

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In Karl Marx’s work, “Capital”, he identifies the concept of fetishism and the sense of alienation man faces due to his laboring activity, becoming independent from him but having control over him even though it is a separate objective entity itself. 

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Subclaims:

All commodities contain both perceptible and imperceptible qualities which are the result of certain social aspects.

Commodities have value relations but do not have any connection to the physical properties of the commodity itself (Marx then uses the analogy of man’s perception of religion to illustrate this)

This leads the laborer to perceive their labor as a separate, independent object instead of the fruits of their labor that they contributed towards

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The product of labor holds its own intrinsic value that gives it an independent character, which Marx refers to as the fetishism of commodities, rather as a result of the labor and social relations that produced it. 

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The product of labor holds its own intrinsic value that gives it an independent character, which Marx refers to as the fetishism of commodities, rather as a result of the labor and social relations that produced it. 

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The social relations present in the commodities does not exist between the producer and its commodity, but the commodity itself.

The value of commodities are independent of their physical properties

Fetishism is the independent quality of the commodity.

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Commodities are fetishized in capitalist society, meaning that the social relations of production are obscured and appear as inherent properties of the objects themselves.

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Commodities are fetishized in capitalist society, meaning that the social relations of production are obscured and appear as inherent properties of the objects themselves.

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Sub-Claims:

Commodities Obscure Social Relations

Fetishism as a Result of Social Relations

Origin of Commodity Fetishism

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Fetishism describes a relationship between commodity and human labor. The commodity is the physical embodiment of the human labor.

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Fetishism describes a relationship between commodity and human labor. The commodity is the physical embodiment of the human labor.

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-By transforming the raw material into a higher-level product, laborers is able to present their labor to the physical world.

-The subject that the laborer is working on doesn’t reflect the labor, but the process and the changes in the product are what matter.

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Marx claims that commodity, or products of labour, is mysterious for the evaluation of its value is based on the amount of labour it can exchange for in the market rather than its use value.

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Marx claims that commodity, or products of labour, is mysterious for the evaluation of its value is based on the amount of labour it can exchange for in the market rather than its use value.

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1.Marx states that the products of labour become commodities because men’s labour is revealed through the products of their labour.

2.Marx believes there is physical relationship between physical things, exemplified through the example of eyes, where the light our optic nerve catches actually comes from an actual passage of light from one thing to another.

3.Marx points out that it is different with commodities where the existence of the things and the value-relation between the products of labour have absolutely no connexion with their physical properties.

4.The Fetishism of commodities comes from the peculiar social character of the labour that produces them.

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Main Claim: In this passage Marx determined that fetishism of a commodity has led to the detachment and the distortion of the relationship between man to the products of their labor. 

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Main Claim: In this passage Marx determined that fetishism of a commodity has led to the detachment and the distortion of the relationship between man to the products of their labor. 

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Subclaim: Fetishism takes a form in how the social relation of man which is imperceptible and perceptible, dictates whether objects become commodities.

The value Commodification is determined by this social relation (answering to the market)

Sub Claim: The value relation with the products of labor excludes the physical material gone into the product.

Sub Claim: There is some kind of mysterious habituation within man that assumes value without the consideration of labor.

Religious example

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Marx claims that commodities are mysterious because their value is perceived as an inherent characteristic of the commodities themselves instead of a product of social interactions and labor put into them

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Marx claims that commodities are mysterious because their value is perceived as an inherent characteristic of the commodities themselves instead of a product of social interactions and labor put into them

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-This misidentification of the origin of a commodity’s value is similar to how the light from an object is perceived by us not as the subjective excitation of our optic nerve, but as the objective form of something outside the eye itself

-In a market economy, the value of commodities seems to be a relationship between the things themselves, rather than a relationship between the people who produce and exchange them.

-Marx believes the fetishism of commodities is similar to the likewise mysterious religious world as the commodities, which are human creations, are being presented as independent things

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Main claim: The objective character of the commodities hides the social relations between the producers of the commodities and through the visualization of the relations between commodity and production engaging in exchanges. 

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Main claim: The objective character of the commodities hides the social relations between the producers of the commodities and through the visualization of the relations between commodity and production engaging in exchanges. 

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1. Subclaim: product of labor and the producer are engaging in relations

2. Subclaim: producer are not engaging with another producer even though the commodify is produced through a social sphere

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1. Main claim: The fetishism of commodities arises due to the inherent separation of labor and serves as an independent entity entirely.

Subclaim:

a. Commodities have both perceptible and imperceptible qualities

b. Labor is innate within the laborer as these two parties are attached

c. Like claims of religion, the commodities/labor of an individual becomes separate, “living” products

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-The concept of commodity fetishism arises from the social character of labor in capitalist societies.

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-The concept of commodity fetishism arises from the social character of labor in capitalist societies.

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- Commodities embody social relations of labor

- Commodities have both tangible and imperceptible qualities

- Commodities’ values and relations are not tied to their physical properties

- In the religious world, commodities seem to have a life of their own, detached from human creation.

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Main Claim: Marx argues that the fetishism of labor occurs due to estranged labor, leading workers to lose their sense of self-actualization and connection with their labor.

Sub-Claims

Labor is a social relation.

While the social characteristics of labor still exist within each product, capitalism acts as a mask and veils this attribute.

Rather than understanding the perception of light according to its scientific explanation, it is more colloquially thought of as just “seeing an object,” the light being separate from the person. However, the light is a part of the person in this process than realized.

Workers are alienated from their products, seeing them merely as a commodity rather than a manifestation of their hard work and dedication. As such, this intangibility becomes difficult for them to grasp at.

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Main Claim: The existence of commodities, and the value-relation between the products of labour which stamps them as commodities, have absolutely no connection with their physical properties and with the material relations arising therefrom. 

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Main Claim: The existence of commodities, and the value-relation between the products of labour which stamps them as commodities, have absolutely no connection with their physical properties and with the material relations arising therefrom. 

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1. The social character of one’s labor is an object connected to the product

2. Social character in relation to the dynamics of light

3. There is a social relationship between men and their relationships.

4. Fetishism attaches to labor

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Main Claim : Commodities embody some sort of fetishism which derive its value from labor

Sub Claims :

-Producers' relations presented through products: The relationship between producers and their collective labor is perceived as a relationship between the products, not between the producers themselves. This is part of Marx’s Bigger picture of Estrangement.

-Physical versus social relations: commodities do not have a physical relation to their value; their value is derived from social relations - The abstract value.

-This abstract value is completely generated by man.

-Products of labor becomes social things; both with an exchange and use value

-In the world of commodities, commodities seem to have a life of their own and interact with each other and with people.

-Definition of Fetishism : a mystical characteristic which attaches to every single commodity, and separates the commodity’s value from its physical quality.

-Commodity fetishism arises from the specific social nature of labor under capitalist production.

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Lack of a tangible connection between the use value and the exchange value leads to development of fetishisms

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Lack of a tangible connection between the use value and the exchange value leads to development of fetishisms

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1. You are not able to see the physical relationship between exchange and use value but can only “feel it” like you feel light

2. Relationship between men allows for a value to be appropriated to a commodity

3. Leads to fetishisms where people attach themselves to their labour

4. Fetishisms similar to religious personification of objects

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Marx argues that fetishism, the disconnect between the value-relation of products and their physical/material properties, is the result of mankind seeing conjured 'relations' between things.

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Marx argues that fetishism, the disconnect between the value-relation of products and their physical/material properties, is the result of mankind seeing conjured 'relations' between things.

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1. The value of the commodity of labour is difficult to gauge.

2. And so, the social character of a man's labour is simplified to be perceived as an objective character stamped upon the product.

3. And this oversimplification, Marx argues, is similar to how men of religion see orders from God.

4. But it is from the complexity of the social character of labour that men have conjured fetishism.

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Marx argues that the commodity appears to men as a social relation with an objective character, and thus it mediates the social relations between them.

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Marx argues that the commodity appears to men as a social relation with an objective character, and thus it mediates the social relations between them.

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1. This peculiar nature of the produce of labour creates an illusion that there are social relations between men’s labour and not the men themselves.

2. Marx uses an analogy of the light that is sensed by the eye to show the illusiveness of the current state of relations between men that are mediated by commodities.

3. Marx concludes the passage and the argument by summarising the concept that he was explaining. He shows that the Fetishism of the commodities originates in the strange social character of the labour that produces them (This summarisation can also be the main point, even though it is at the very end).

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Commodities gain a mysterious quality because the social relations of labor are perceived as inherent attributes of the products themselves, transforming these relations into a fetishistic form separate from their physical properties.

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Commodities gain a mysterious quality because the social relations of labor are perceived as inherent attributes of the products themselves, transforming these relations into a fetishistic form separate from their physical properties.

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1. Objective social character of Labour

1. Labour is perceived by individuals as an objective feature of the product they create.

2. This perception transforms the social relations among producers into relations between the commodities they produce.

2. Perception and characteristics of commodities

1. Commodities are viewed as tangible products and carriers of social relations

2. They possess perceptible qualities(physical qualities) and imperceptible qualities(value and social relations)

3. Comparison with perception of light

1. Marx contrast the perception of commodities with the physical process of seeing the light.

2. light is physically transmitted from an external object to the eye, through which it establish a direct physical relation.

3. In contrast, commodities do not possess a direct, physical relation to their social character like value.

4. Analogy to Religiou Fetishism

1. Marx draws an analogy between commodity fetishism and religious fetishism

2. In religion, idols are perceived as independent entities with life and relationships, which is similar to how commodities are viewed as having inherent value and social relations.

5. The fetishism of commodities is inseparable from the act of producing commodities.

6. Origin and cause of Commodity Fetishism

1. It originates from the peculiar social character of labour.

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In capitalism, the social relations of production are mysterious through the commodities derived from the products of labor.

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In capitalism, the social relations of production are mysterious through the commodities derived from the products of labor.

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The commodity appears to take the form of an object, rather than a product of labor.

The mystic nature of these commodities can be observed from “the peculiar social character of the labour that produces them.”.

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Rather than mankind having social relations and commodities having objective relations, there is an inverse in this dynamic. Mankind therefore maintains objective relations and the products of labor maintain social relations, which Marx calls the Fetishism of Commodities.

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Rather than mankind having social relations and commodities having objective relations, there is an inverse in this dynamic. Mankind therefore maintains objective relations and the products of labor maintain social relations, which Marx calls the Fetishism of Commodities.

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Subclaim I:

This relationship is how products of labor become commodities.

Subclaim II:

Products of labor are stamped with the value-relations of labor and have no connection to their material or physical properties.

Subclaim III:

The productions of man become “endowed with life”, independent and directly related to man, which thereby creates the Fetishism of Commodities.

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Main Claim:

Commodities are mysterious, disconnected, and because of the organization of labor in industrial society, goods and the laborer have an inherent disconnect, which Marx calls the Fetishism of commodities.

Subclaim:

Commodities are mysterious

Light can be an example of this disconnect

No connection between the good and its physical form

In the religious world, unexplainable things are “endowed with life” to explain them

When goods are produced, they are Fetishized from what makes them goods

This occurs because of the character of the labor that produces them

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There is a Fetishism in between the worker and what he produces 

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There is a Fetishism in between the worker and what he produces 

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It originates from the labour’s social character

It creates a disconnection between the process of production and final product

Commodities outline the physical relationship between things

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In this passage Marx defines his theories on the Fetishism of Commodities. Marx Claims that is was this Fetishism of Commodities that led to the distortion of the value relation between goods and the physical properties that give them value

Commodities are inherently difficult to value as their value as commodities is not intrinsically tied to the labor that went into their production

Human beings do not perceive commodities as the product of labor but as goods with inherent use and exchange value

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Fetishism is the social connection between the product of labor and the laborer.

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Fetishism is the social connection between the product of labor and the laborer.

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1) Product is, first of all, a product of human labor; it’s objectification.

2) Commodities or products of labor have perceptible and imperceptible properties.

3) Commodity has a special social characteristic called Fetishism, which is present in the laborer’s world as a social connection between him and his labor.

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1. Commodities contain a mysterious property as it is an object to the men who created it, which occurs due to the social relations this worker has with both the merchant and the labor itself.

1. Products of labor are commodities because they have both a visible and invisible characteristic.

1. An eye, having optic nerves, shows us only part of what could be visible to us.

2. The existence of commodities and value-filled products of labor are not connected.

1. Men look for connections between seemingly related things, similar to a man’s religion.

3. The fetishism of commodities is the quality that makes a product of labor into a commodity.

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The concept of commodity fetishism illustrates how the social relationships of labor are misrepresented as properties of the  commodities, leading to a belief where commodities are viewed as having intrinsic value independent of the human labor and social interactions that produced them.

Introduction to Commodity Fetishism

The social character of labor appears as an objective characteristic of the product.

Perception of Social Relations in Commodities

Producers view the relationship with their labor as a relationship between products.

Products of labor become social entities with qualities both perceptible and imperceptible by the senses.

Concept of Fetishism

Defined as the perception of products of labor as commodities with inherent value relations.

Fetishism is intrinsic to the production of commodities.