# data[].attributes.body
In Myanmar, weddings are more than just the union of two people—they are a celebration of family, community, and cultural heritage. The ceremonies are often deeply rooted in Buddhist customs, as Buddhism is the predominant religion in the country (Than, 2018).

One of the key elements of a Burmese wedding is the hpone pwe, a traditional ceremony where the couple receives blessings from the elders and monks. The bride and groom often wear traditional attire, with the bride in a beautiful yin hpon and the groom in a longyi and jacket (Aung & Lwin, 2019).

Than, S. (2018). Buddhism and ceremonies in Myanmar. Mandalay Publishers.

Aung, K. M., & Lwin, T. S. (2019). Cultural rituals in Myanmar: Weddings and beyond. Yangon Press.

Thuta Travel. (n.d.). Myanmar wedding ceremony [Photograph]. Thuta Travel. https://thutatravel.com/myanmar-wedding-ceremony/

# data[].attributes.body
Burmese tofu is made from chickpea flour or yellow split peas. The process involves mixing the flour with water and cooking it until it thickens. Once it cools down, it becomes firm and can be cut into pieces (Aung, 2018). People in Myanmar often enjoy it with spicy sauces or in noodle dishes. This type of tofu is not only tasty but also a good source of protein, especially for those who do not eat meat (Khin, 2020). Whether served fresh or fried, Burmese tofu is a cherished part of Myanmar's culinary traditions (Zaw, 2019).

Aung, T. (2018). Myanmar’s culinary treasures: A journey through traditional foods. Yangon Food Press.

Khin, L. (2020). Burmese cooking: Simple recipes and ingredients. Mandalay Publishers.

Zaw, S. (2019). Exploring Myanmar’s traditional foods. Bagan Books.

Rainforest Cruises. (n.d.). Myanmar traditional food display [Photograph]. Rainforest Cruises. https://www.rainforestcruises.com/guides/myanmar-food

# data[].attributes.body
The longyi is a traditional piece of clothing in Myanmar, worn by both men and women. It is a long piece of fabric, usually made from cotton or silk, and is wrapped around the waist, reaching down to the feet. For men, it is called a Paso, and for women, it is known as a Stampin. The longyi is not just clothing; it reflects the wearer's culture and identity. Different patterns and designs can show where someone is from or their social status (Tun, 2019). The way the longyi is worn can also change depending on the region and the occasion, highlighting Myanmar's cultural diversity (Aung & Myint, 2021).

Aung, K. M., & Myint, T. T. (2021). Textiles and traditions: The cultural significance of Burmese longyi. Yangon Press.

Tun, H. S. (2019). The longyi: A symbol of Myanmar’s cultural identity. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 50(2), 145-160. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022463419000021

Website Name. (n.d.). Myanmar traditional dress - National costume. Go Myanmar Cruises. https://www.gomyanmarcruises.com/myanmar-traditional-dress-national-costume/

# data[].attributes.body
Learning about Domain 1 helped me understand how to give person-centred care to refugees and migrants from different cultural backgrounds. The most meaningful aspect for me is 2.2, which is how to use medicine properly. I believe it's important not just to follow clinical guidelines but also to consider each patient’s unique situation to make sure the care is effective and respectful (Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care, 2020).

The framework also emphasizes that when educating patients about medication safety, the information should be clear and easy to understand.

This understanding made me realise that simply promoting the benefits of medication might make patients feel uneasy and less likely to stick to the treatment plan (Australian Government Department of Health, 2021).

Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care. (2020). Medication safety and quality use of medicines. https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/

Australian Government Department of Health. (2021). Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice: Working with People from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds competency standards framework for clinicians. https://www.health.gov.au/

# data[].attributes.headline
A focus on the HBV and the treamtment of the refugee arrived in Australia.

# data[].attributes.subject
A focus on the HBV and the treamtment of the refugee arrived in Australia.

# data[].attributes.body
Hepatitis B (HBV) is a major health concern for Burmese refugees when they arrive in Australia. The Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide (2022) notes that refugee women may have low rates of cervical cancer screening due to language barriers, cultural beliefs, and lack of awareness about the importance of regular Pap smears. The high rate of chronic HBV infections among this group is often due to factors like mother-to-child transmission, low vaccination coverage, and limited healthcare facilities in refugee camps (RACGP, 2021).

The best way to address HPV is through vaccination, along with culturally sensitive education on the importance of regular cervical screenings. Which can significantly reduce the incidence of HPV-related health issues among Burmese refugees in Australia (Australian Government Department of Health, 2022).

Australian Government Department of Health. (2022). Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide. https://www.refugeehealthguide.org.au/

RACGP. (2021). Australian refugee health practice guide: Hepatitis B. Retrieved from https://www.racgp.org.au/clinical-resources/clinical-guidelines/key-racgp-guidelines/view-all-racgp-guidelines/australian-refugee-health/hepatitis-b.

CORE IM Podcast. (2018, January 17). Diagram explaining chronic hepatitis B management [Diagram]. CORE IM Podcast. https://www.coreimpodcast.com/2018/01/17/5-pearls-on-chronic-hepatitis-b/

# data[].attributes.body
Burmese refugees usually have some difficulties in communication, lack of family, income, food security and unemployment. They may lack knowledge of the Australian healthcare system and need the help of Australian society and healthcare providers.

Research shows that social exclusion and discrimination increase the likelihood of mental health issues, including depression, anxiety, and PTSD, among refugees (Steel et al., 2002). When refugees are included in the healthcare system without discrimination, they are more likely to utilize preventive services, follow treatment plans, and maintain regular health check-ups (Davidson et al., 2019).

Implementing policies that remove these barriers and promote fair treatment in healthcare can greatly improve the health of Burmese refugees (Refugee Council of Australia, 2021).

Refugee Council of Australia. (2021). Social inclusion and community participation. Retrieved from https://www.refugeecouncil.org.au/social-inclusion-community-participation

Davidson, N., Skull, S., Burgner, D., Kelly, P., Raman, S., Silove, D., Steel, Z., Vora, R., & Smith, M. (2019). An issue of access: Delivering equitable health care for newly arrived refugee children in Australia. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 45(7-8), 375-381. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1754.2009.01516.x

Steel, Z., Silove, D., Phan, T., & Bauman, A. (2002). Long-term effect of psychological trauma on the mental health of Vietnamese refugees resettled in Australia: A population-based study. The Lancet, 360(9339), 1056-1062. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11142-1

Myanmar Insider. (2023, July 20). A traditional healer preparing herbal medicine in Myanmar [Photograph]. Myanmar Insider. https://www.myanmarinsider.com/a-glance-at-traditional-medicine-in-myanmar/

# data[].attributes.body
Herbal medicine in Burma is usually based on a combination of Indigenous knowledge and influences from Chinese and Indian medicine cultures. One example is the use of Burmese ginger, which is commonly used to treat digestive issues, alleviate nausea, and enhance overall digestive health (Khan et al., 2020).

The World Health Organization (WHO) acknowledges the significance of traditional medicine in Myanmar and advocates for the incorporation of safe, effective traditional methods into the country's health policies (World Health Organization, 2019).

Turmeric is another key herb in Burmese medicine. In Burmese tradition, turmeric is used not only in cooking but also in various medicinal preparations to treat conditions like arthritis, respiratory issues, and skin problems (Hewlings & Kalman, 2017).

Khan, N., et al. (2020). Health Benefits of Ginger: A Review. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 19, 100302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2019.100302

World Health Organization. (2019). Traditional Medicine Strategy 2014-2023. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241506090

Myanmar Insider. (n.d.). Traditional medicine in Myanmar [Image]. Myanmar Insider. https://www.myanmarinsider.com/a-glance-at-traditional-medicine-in-myanmar/