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Bienvenidos al Padlet sobre 'Hablar en Público'. Aquí exploraremos 10 técnicas clave para mejorar tus habilidades de oratoria y te brindaremos herramientas útiles para hablar frente a una audiencia con confianza.

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Para conectar de manera efectiva con tu audiencia, es crucial saber quiénes son y qué esperan de ti. Esto te permitirá adaptar tu mensaje y estilo de presentación.

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La preparación es fundamental. Practica tu discurso varias veces antes del evento para estar más seguro y fluido.

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Una buena estructura ayuda a que tu mensaje sea claro y comprensible. Usa una introducción atractiva, un desarrollo lógico y una conclusión impactante.

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Good customer service, employee relations, and relationship building are essential in sustaining any business. The way you represent yourself in writing carries significant weight. As such, how you communicate will have everything to do with whether or not you achieve your goal. Whether you are communicating good news or trying to persuade someone to agree with your ideas, making strategic decisions about key information placement in your document will make your task a lot easier. Given that most messages are now transmitted in an electronic form, it is also important to consider the digital context within which your messages are sent and received. This chapter will guide you in making good decisions when composing your business messages. First, we will discuss netiquette.

Text messaging, emailing, and posting on social media in a professional context requires that you be familiar with "netiquette," or proper etiquette for using the internet. We have all heard the news stories about people who have been fired and companies that have been boycotted for making offensive or inappropriate social media posts. People have even gone to prison for illegal use of private messaging. The digital world may seem like a free-for-all, "wild wild west" with no clear rules or regulations; however, this is clearly a dangerous perspective for a professional to take, as the consequences for breaking tacit rules, expectations, and guidelines for professional communications can be very costly.

Writing in an online environment requires tact, skill, and an awareness that what you write may be there for a very long time and maybe seen by people you never considered as your intended audience. From text messages to memos to letters, from business proposals to press releases, your written business communication represents you and your company: Your goal is to make your messages clear, concise, constructive, and professional.

We create personal pages, post messages, and interact via online technologies as a normal part of our careers, but how we conduct ourselves can leave a lasting image, literally. The photograph you posted on your Instagram page or Twitter feed may have been seen by your potential employer, or that insensitive remark in a Facebook post may come back to haunt you later.

For further information on netiquette, check out the following links:

Message Structure

Messages in business are organized specifically to address not only the content and context, but also your purpose and especially the needs of the audience. Routine messages may make requests, inform, give direction, deliver unpleasant news, confirm agreements or arrangements, transmit documents or invitations. You would organize the message according to how the audience is likely to receive your message: placing the key idea at the beginning when the message is positive or neutral or placing the message near the close when the message is persuasive or negative. The tone of the content is very much affected by how you structure the message, so making wise decisions based on careful audience and content analyses will result in a successful document. For example, you would not place a refusal statement in the very opening of a letter because that would be too brusque; rather, you would create a buffer and place the negative news after the explanation. Completing a thorough audience and context analysis in your pre-writing phase will make the task of composing your message with the audience front-of-mind.

Messages in business can be broadly categorized as being positive, neutral, persuasive, or negative.

Positive messages: Positive messages serve to transmit good news or establish good will.

Neutral messages: Neutral messages are highly routine and do not contain emotionally-charged information. These messages usually simply convey information or make routine requests.

Persuasive messages: Persuasive messages have as their purpose the influence of opinion or behavior. As such, these messages must be skillfully composed with well-considered reasoning.

Negative messages: Negative messages, also known as bad news messages, contain information that the reader typically will not welcome or will resist.

These will each be discussed in the following chapters.

How you will structure the message will depend on the type of message you must create. Here is a brief overview of the basic strategies for organizing of business messages.

Key Strategies in Structuring Messages

Strategy 1: Four-Part Structure

Effective business messages consist of a basic four-part structural convention. This structure creates a formalized and recognized predictability in the communication such that the audience knows what type of information is to appear in any specific part of a message. It ensures that messages can be quickly read and contributes to their clarity, conciseness, and coherence. Below is the basic four-part structure:

Opening: In correspondence, the opening usually consists of a single brief paragraph which introduces the subject and states the main purpose or message.

Background: The background explains the context or situation that led to the message. When the message is very brief, the background may be incorporated into the opening paragraph.

Details: The details consist of the explanation and facts that will enable the reader to understand the situation and take appropriate action if necessary.

Close: The close is where you would (re)state your requested action and/or end with good will.

Strategy 2: Direct and Indirect Organization

We typically recognize the placement of the main idea within the context of a larger organizational strategy known as the direct and indirect methods. You decide to use one or the other based on the communication situation and how the audience is most likely to respond to your message. If your audience is likely to respond in a positive or neutral manner, you would use the direct method. If your audience is likely to respond in a negative manner or if they need persuasion, you would use the indirect method (see Figure 7.2.1 for an overview of the spectrum).

Figure 7.2.1 Direct and indirect organization (Kendall, n.d.).

The following video, Direct and Indirect Approaches (2019) provides clarification on when to use each approach through a practical application of the strategy.

Strategy 3: Key Idea Placement

An important element in any message is the key idea or main message. The key idea is usually contained in a single sentence and announces to the reader your purpose for communicating. The key idea can appear in the opening paragraph or it can be placed closer to the close depending on how you expect the reader to receive your message. Examples of key ideas are as follows:
Please find enclosed our report entitled "Internal Inconsistencies in Workflow Management," which you requested at our January 31 meeting. You are requested to send us your updated résumés by Friday, February 11, so we may include them with the Grenville location proposal. Following Ontario Public Health recommendations, please wear your mask at all times when in the workplace.
Generally speaking, for positive or neutral messages, the key idea will appear in the opening; for negative or persuasive messages, the key idea will be placed near or at the close. Where you place the key idea will depend on a number of factors. Here you may realize the importance of completing a good audience and context analysis, so you can adapt your message skilfully. Here in Table 7.2.1 is a quick overview of some considerations to keep in mind:
Table 7.2.1 Key Idea Placement

Consideration Key Idea Placement

When the message is positive or neutral

Place the key idea in the opening paragraph

When writing to inform or give direction

Place the key idea in the opening paragraph

When the reader is receptive to your message

Place the key idea in the opening paragraph

When the message is negative and the reader is likely to be displeased

Place the key idea near or at the close following a buffer and explanation

When the reader is resistant

Place the key idea near or in the close

When creating a persuasive request or sales message

Place the key idea near or in the close

When refusing a request

Place the key idea near or in the close

The following chapters will illustrate the placement of key ideas and the use of the direct and indirect methods in the context of sample messages serving various purposes.

References

Huong, D. (2019). Direct and indirect approach [Video}. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L-uB33AfqMo&t=1s

Kendall, S. (n.d.). Planning business messages. Business communication skills for managers. Lumen Learning. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-businesscommunicationmgrs/chapter/planning-business-messages/

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Good customer service, employee relations, and relationship building are essential in sustaining any business. The way you represent yourself in writing carries significant weight. As such, how you communicate will have everything to do with whether or not you achieve your goal.

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Aprovecha herramientas como presentaciones, imágenes y videos para enriquecer tu discurso y hacerlo más dinámico.

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El lenguaje corporal dice mucho más que las palabras. Mantén una postura abierta, usa gestos apropiados y establece contacto visual con tu audiencia.

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Es normal sentirse nervioso. Usa técnicas de respiración y visualización para mantener la calma y reducir la ansiedad.

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Muestra tu personalidad y serás más convincente. No trates de ser alguien que no eres; tu autenticidad resonará con la audiencia.

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Authenticity: Being An Authentic Speaker

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Haz preguntas, invita a la audiencia a participar y mantiene un diálogo abierto. Esto hará que tu presentación sea más interactiva y memorable.

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Respeta el tiempo asignado para tu presentación. Practica el control del tiempo para asegurarte de cubrir todos los puntos importantes sin extenderte demasiado.

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In school, work, and daily life, we may encounter people who seem to have it all together. They are productive, stress-free, high achievers. But chances are, they were not born that way. Managing, organizing, and distributing time are skills that we can learn. Doing so can help you control your time and promote overall satisfaction.

Here are some tips and methods that can help you harness your time for better well-being.

What is time management?

Time management is the process of consciously planning and controlling time spent on specific tasks to increase how efficient you are. You may be familiar with setting deadlines, writing to-do lists, and giving yourself small rewards for accomplishing certain activities.

Motivating ourselves is a core part of time management-and it takes a bit of effort not only to motivate yourself but to cultivate good habits to work and live more efficiently.

To develop good routines and habits, you can start by knowing what strategies and best practices are out there. You can experiment with them in your own life to see what works for you.

Benefits of time management

Good time management can lead to a healthy, balanced lifestyle that may manifest as:

Reducing stress

Increasing energy

Achieving goals more efficiently

Prioritizing what's important

Accomplishing more in less time

Reducing procrastination

Boosting confidence

Getting further in your career or education

6 time management strategies

If you're looking to take control of your time, here are six tips and strategies to get you started:

1. Conduct a time audit.

Start by assessing where you actually spend your time. Create a visual map of the approximate hours you spend on work, school, housework and chores, commuting, social media, and leisure activities. Then, you can drill in on school or work, dividing your previous week into days, then hours. How much time did it take to finish that paper? Did a work project take longer because you were scrolling on your phone?

Set goals based on this outcome. Planning ahead and setting time limits on your tasks and priorities can free up time for what's most important to you, like spending more time with friends and family.

Start by dedicating a half hour every Sunday to intentionally planning your week ahead and setting daily goals.

2. Use the Eisenhower Matrix to set your priorities.

The Eisenhower Matrix is a popular tool that helps you distinguish between tasks that are important, not important, urgent, and not urgent. The quadrant has four boxes in which you can split your tasks to prioritize what you should focus on first. They also correspond with the 4 D's of execution: do, defer, delegate, and delete.

Quadrant 1: Important and urgent. Dothese tasks first. These are the priorities that are most relevant to your goals.

Quadrant 2: Important but not urgent. Defer these for later in your schedule.

Quadrant 3: Urgent but not important. Delegate these to others, if possible, especially if they do not contribute to your long-term goals.

Quadrant 4: Not important and not urgent. Delete these tasks, or do them when you have free time because they are distractions from your priorities.

For an even simpler approach, create a task list and mark each item as urgent or important. Often, we prioritize urgent tasks instead of important ones-such as tasks that may be creative, important, and fulfilling but do not have a deadline-so identifying and labeling them can be a helpful step toward accomplishing your personal and professional goals.

3. Employ methods to "chunk" your time.

Once you have a better idea of what your priorities are, setting limits can be an excellent time management tool. There are several options for chunking your time into digestible pieces.

Try the Pomodoro method. This technique was developed in the late 1980s by Francesco Cirillo, a university student who was overwhelmed by studying and assignments. The Pomodoro method requires using a timer to break down your work into 25-minute intervals, separated by 5 minutes of break time. After four pomodoros, you may take a longer 15-30 minute break. Pomodoro ("tomato" in Italian) promotes concentration and relieves mental fatigue, which is especially useful for open-ended work like conducting research, studying for an exam, or finishing a consulting project.

By "chunking" time, you make big projects and goals less daunting. Less procrastination, more productivity.

4. Focus on one thing at a time.

For most of us, multitasking is generally less efficient than focusing on one task at a time. In fact, one study found that only 2.5 percent of people are able to multitask effectively [ 4]. Doing too many things at once can impact your cognitive ability, making you feel unproductive or dissatisfied with your progress. Arranging your time so that you complete one task before starting another can boost your confidence.

Further, it may be helpful to compartmentalize tasks. If you are a writer, for example, you might dedicate Monday to research, Tuesday through Thursday to writing, and Friday to editing.

5. Give yourself a reward.

Rewards can be a great source of motivation for adopting good time management habits. For each important task you accomplish, you can give yourself a little treat. It doesn't need to be extravagant or expensive. Here are some simple ways to motivate yourself:

Taking a break to enjoy your favorite snack

Going for a short walk outside

Call a friend or family member

Meditate for five minutes

Listen to a podcast episode or a chapter of an audiobook

For bigger rewards, you can indulge in activities like reading a book in the bath, planning a night out with friends, or booking a getaway. Exciting rewards can help you push through an especially tough project or work period.

6. Use apps to block out distractions.

Sometimes, rewards and good intentions are not enough to keep us focused. An app or browser extension can help you minimize distractions by blocking you from using social media or touching your phone. Here are some apps and extensions you can try:

Forest is an app that helps you stay focused and off your phone. The company partners with an organization called Trees for the Future to plant trees when you spend virtual coins earned in Forest.

StayFocused is a browser extension that prevents you from using time-wasting websites like Reddit, Twitter, Wikipedia, Instagram, and more. It's highly configurable, so you can customize it to your specific distractions.

Freedom is a tool that can block both websites and apps on all of your devices, simultaneously. Take advantage of their free trial to know if it's right for you.

How to create your own time management strategy

Now that you have some potential time management tips and methods in your toolkit, it's time to create a strategy. You might experiment with several techniques before establishing the most effective long-term habits and routines for you.

Establish goals and priorities.

Consider your lifestyle, whether you are a student or a working professional (or both), whether you have a family or aspire to become a digital nomad (or both!). Think of your long- and short-term goals for your career and personal development. Make sure the goals are SMART: specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and timely. What will it take to achieve them? How can you manage your time to maximize your productivity?

Once you have established your goals, prioritize them in order of importance. It may be helpful to use Post-its or pen and paper to visualize them.

Choose the best method for you.

Using the list of tips above, decide upon a method or two to implement. Based on what has worked for you in the past, you can mix and match different time management skills. If you are unsure of which ones will work for you, pick one at random and give it a try.

Plan and implement.

Apply your chosen method over a period of time. A month is typically enough time to evaluate whether a strategy is working. Over 30 days, monitor your progress. Take notes on how you feel after one or two weeks. Was one method more effective than the other?

Reassess.

After one month of your new time management methods, it's time to reassess. What's working? What's not working? Adjust your strategy and plan to be more effective. Continue to practice these habits each month, adapting them as your priorities change. What works for you when you are a student may not be the same as when you start a new job.

Remember, practicing time management is an ongoing process, and life happens. It's about progress, not perfection.

Learn how to manage your time effectively

Learn more effective time management tips from instructors at top universities with a course like Work Smarter, Not Harder: Time Management for Personal & Professional Productivity from the University of California Irvine. This course is offered on its own as well as part of the Career Success specialization.

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What Is Time Management? 6 Strategies to Better Manage Your Time

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Manage your time to reduce stress, raise productivity, and increase well-being with these tips.

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Termina tu presentación con una frase poderosa o una llamada a la acción que deje una impresión duradera en tu audiencia.

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Resumen de la importancia de aplicar estas técnicas para mejorar habilidades de hablar en público.

Reflexión sobre cómo estas habilidades pueden beneficiar tanto en el ámbito profesional como personal.