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Al final de la lección, los estudiantes podrán comprender y aplicar los procesos de planificación, organización, ejecución y control en la Administración Pública.

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1. Identificar las fases de la planificación en la Administración Pública.
2. Describir las estructuras organizativas utilizadas en la Administración Pública.
3. Explicar el proceso de ejecución de políticas públicas.
4. Evaluar métodos de control y supervisión en la Administración Pública.

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¿Por qué son importantes los procesos de planificación, organización, ejecución y control en la Administración Pública?

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Introducción a la planificación en la Administración Pública, incluyendo un análisis de caso de estudio sobre la planificación gubernamental.

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Discusión en grupos pequeños sobre diferentes estructuras organizativas en la Administración Pública y cómo impactan la eficiencia del gobierno.

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Los estudiantes desarrollarán un plan de ejecución para una política pública específica y presentarán sus resultados en Padlet.

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Public policy implementation management plays a pivotal role in translating policy decisions into tangible actions that bring about meaningful societal change. It encompasses the strategic planning, coordination, and monitoring required to ensure the successful execution of public policies.

Ensuring Effective Execution for Societal Progress

This article explores the concept of public policy implementation management, its significance, the criticality of project management in achieving success, the challenges involved, notable examples, and the potential future evolution of this field.

I. Understanding Public Policy Implementation Management

Public policy implementation management refers to the process of executing policy decisions made by governmental or organizational entities to address specific issues or achieve desired outcomes. It involves translating policy goals into actionable steps, allocating resources, engaging stakeholders, and monitoring progress to ensure desired outcomes are achieved.

II. The Importance of Public Policy Implementation Management

1. Bridging the gap between policy formulation and outcomes: The implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in the United States demonstrates the importance of effective implementation management in expanding access to healthcare and addressing systemic issues.

2. Enhancing accountability and transparency: The Open Government Partnership (OGP) relies on robust implementation management to track and evaluate the implementation of commitments made by participating countries, promoting transparency and citizen participation.

3. Maximizing resource utilization: The Green New Deal in Europe requires effective resource allocation and management to fund renewable energy projects, retrofit buildings, and support sustainable transportation initiatives.

III. The Critical Role of Project Management in Successful Implementation

Project management serves as a critical framework within public policy implementation management. It offers tools, methodologies, and best practices that enable effective planning, execution, and evaluation of policy initiatives.

Key reasons why project management is essential include:

1. Clear goal setting and planning: The construction and development of major infrastructure projects rely on project management principles to ensure timely completion, budget control, and quality assurance.

2. Stakeholder engagement and coordination: The implementation of comprehensive education reforms involving curriculum changes, teacher training, and infrastructure upgrades requires effective coordination among multiple stakeholders, including government agencies, schools, teachers' unions, and community organizations.

3. Risk management and mitigation: The introduction of smoking bans in public places faced resistance from tobacco industry lobbyists and some segments of the population. Effective project management was crucial in overcoming this resistance through communication, public awareness campaigns, and stakeholder engagement.

4. Monitoring and evaluation: Germany's Energiewende initiative, aimed at transitioning to renewable energy sources, demonstrates effective project management in coordinating subsidies, regulatory frameworks, and infrastructure development, resulting in significant increases in renewable energy capacity.

IV. Challenges in Public Policy Implementation Management

Despite its importance, public policy implementation management faces various challenges, including:

1. Complexity and interdependency: The implementation of universal healthcare in Canada involved managing healthcare provider networks, budgeting, and coordination among provinces to ensure improved access to healthcare services for all Canadians.

2. Resistance to change: The introduction of administrative reforms to streamline government processes can face resistance from entrenched bureaucratic structures, requiring effective change management strategies and political will.

3. Limited resources: Implementing poverty alleviation programs in developing countries often faces resource constraints, necessitating innovative solutions and prioritization to ensure the most impactful use of available resources.

4. Political and bureaucratic constraints: Shifting political priorities, bureaucratic red tape, and frequent personnel changes can disrupt the continuity and effectiveness of policy implementation.

V. Notable Examples of Successful Public Policy Implementation Management

1. Universal healthcare implementation: The implementation of Canada's universal healthcare system involved careful management of healthcare provider networks, budgeting, and coordination among provinces, resulting in improved access to healthcare services for all Canadians.

2. Environmental sustainability policies: Germany's Energiewende initiative demonstrates effective policy implementation management through the coordination of subsidies, regulatory frameworks, and infrastructure development, resulting in significant increases in renewable energy capacity.

VI. The Evolution of Public Policy Implementation Management

1. Increased use of technology: The implementation of smart city initiatives, where technology-driven solutions are utilized for urban planning, traffic management, and energy efficiency, exemplifies the integration of technology into policy implementation management.

2. Emphasis on evidence-based decision-making: The implementation of evidence-based programs in the field of education, such as early childhood interventions and data-driven instructional strategies, showcases the importance of utilizing research and evidence to inform policy implementation approaches.

3. Collaborative governance models: Participatory budgeting initiatives highlight the shift towards collaborative governance models, fostering transparency and citizen engagement in policy implementation.

Conclusion

Public policy implementation management is a crucial component of effective governance and societal progress. By leveraging project management principles, addressing challenges, and learning from successful examples, policymakers can enhance the effectiveness, transparency, and accountability of policy implementation. As the field continues to evolve, embracing technology and adopting collaborative approaches will contribute to more successful and impactful policy implementation, ultimately leading to positive societal outcomes.

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ANR #89: Public Policy Implementation Management: Effective Execution

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Public policy implementation management plays a pivotal role in translating policy decisions into tangible actions that bring about meaningful societal change. It encompasses the strategic planning, coordination, and monitoring required to ensure the successful execution of public policies.

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1. Remediación: Lectura adicional sobre fundamentos de la planificación. <br>2. Extensión: Investigación avanzada sobre métodos innovadores de control gubernamental.

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On May 11th 2021, OPSI hosted a workshop in partnership with the Austrian Federal Ministry for Civil Service and Sport on Enhancement-Oriented Innovation, as part of our ongoing work on the Innovation facets through our Horizon 2020 programme of research. Over 100 people representing 36 nationalities joined us to hear about the relationships between innovation and public sector efficiency and productivity, as well as methods and tools for Enhancement-Oriented Innovation. We were lucky to be joined by a roster of international experts, who illuminated theoretical dimensions of this type of innovation, as well as shared successful examples of projects to serve as inspiration for our participants. A recording of the session can be found here.

Following introductory remarks from our host from Austria, Michael Kallinger , OPSI's Piret Tõnurist first set the framing for the workshop by explaining what is meant by Enhancement-Oriented Innovation: innovations that seek to improve or upgrade practices, achieving better results or efficiencies, and usually building on existing structures and value paradigms. These innovations are often more incremental than transformative, but can serve as a gateway to riskier innovations and more structural changes. These are the backbone and majority of innovations in government, and normally comprise a large proportion of the innovation portfolios of government agencies.

Subsequently we received three sets of remarks from experts who offered different approaches to understanding the principles of Enhancement-Oriented Innovation. Firstly, Patrick Dunleavy of the London School of Economics and Political Sciences (LSE) discussed the potential of increasing public sector productivity. Prof. Dunleavy identified three key drivers of public sector productivity change: specialisation and professionalisation, increasing capital intensity (e.g., introducing robotic process automation in immigration agencies), and external technological changes (e.g., digitalisation). While these forces have the potential to induce productivity gains, whether they are realised depends on the ability and context of the society, the clients, and the agency concerned to take up the productivity gain. He also explained the difference between productivity and efficiency (see image below).

Then, Chiara Varazzini , lead of the OECD's Behavioural Insights work, discussed why behavioural sciences can help public policy makers create more effective policies. Most public policies are dependent on implicit assumptions of human behaviour, as the COVID-19 pandemic has made particularly evident. However, most policy makers often assume an unrealistic model of human behaviour. Governments have three policy tools to change behaviours: information, regulation and incentives. These tools are often enough to change behaviour, which is why insights from behavioural science are both important and effective.

Finally, . Tobias Polzer of the Vienna University of Economics and Business discussed the relationship between public administration paradigms and innovation. He shared his observation that some paradigms, like New Public Management, are aimed at increasing efficiency, whereas others such as new public governance focus on improving quality and enhancing innovation (see image below). The paradigmatic context matters for the success of any type of innovation. In the case of enhancement-oriented innovation, it most often takes the form of incremental innovation and small changes, but these can lead to transformational change over time.

Case Study Presentations

First, from the Eva Sejrek-Tunke Vienna City administration described her first-hand impressions of Vienna's citizen-oriented changes and innovations over time and the role of the Common Assessment Framework (CAF) in this. The CAF provides guidance for a modern public administration, especially on cultural change. The CAF includes in its foundations the 'Principles of Excellence' and the UN Sustainable Development Goals. It enables organisations to manage their organisational and cultural change to ensure total quality management that focuses on generating impacts under the values of sustainability and partnerships. An example of the application of CAF is the Smart City Vienna project, a process of continuous development that demonstrates the impact of the CAF in the Vienna Public Administration. It is the sustainability strategy of the city, built in the interest of citizens, maximising the quality of life through social and technological innovations, and grounded in sustainability and the SDGs at their core.

Then, Andrea Sturzlinger and Ernst Siller of the Austrian tax administration presented their work on digital tax administration and chatbot integration, focusing on the FinanzOnline platform . FinanzOnline can look back at a period of more than 20 years of incremental improvements and is the most used e-government portal in Austria. The customer service strategy of the tax administration is to present a single front-end for all target groups through the FinanzOnline platform. Most recently, through a new implementation approach that puts the user in the focus rather than working around legal changes: the team created applications for smartphones, the platform started supporting video chats, and was integrated in the broader IT landscape of the Austrian government.

Breakout Discussions

Participants were then sorted into three breakout groups according to their interest in three different common approaches that use Enhancement-Oriented Innovation, placed alongside a case study of each type. One group focused on improving and redesigning services with Ana Couteiro of Portugal, looking at an innovative translation service for immigrants; another welcomed Scott Copley of Australia's Behavioural Insights team (BETA) to discuss behavioural insights approaches to reduce antibiotics prescriptions; and a third group looked at technology and service delivery with Tiago Cravo Oliveira Hashiguchi, health policy expert from the OECD, on telemedicine.

In the first group, Ana Couteiro from Portugal's High Commission for Migration (ACM) discussed their Telephone Translation Service (STT) . The service works with a database of 95 translators and interpreters to offer migrants immediate or scheduled translation in 68 different languages for free. The service is integrated across public agencies and provides citizens with information on various services, including social security, healthcare, police, and immigration and border services. Participants then discussed their own experiences, challenges (see image above), and the key tools used when trying to redesign and innovate existing services. The challenges identified included mindset issues, such as not knowing where to start when one wants to change a process or a service; structural problems, such as dealing with limited staff or budget to effectively bring about change; and user involvement issues, concerning mostly the difficulties faced when trying to involve citizens or civil servants to make sure that innovations match their demands and needs.

In the second breakout room, Scott Copley presented a randomised control trial experiment conducted by the Behavioural Economics Team of the Australian government (BETA) aimed at decreasing unnecessary antibiotics prescriptions. The trial was evaluated by comparing the change in doctors' prescribing rates after they had received a letter about antibiotics over-prescription with those of a control group of doctors receiving no letter. The largest effects were observed for the group who received a peer-comparison illustrated by a graph, indicating that they were amongst the highest prescribers in their region. These "social norm" letters reduced prescriptions by 12.3%, four times higher than the letters including only educational content. Workshop participants discussed the challenges of scaling behavioural insights (BI) interventions (such as the one described in the case study), the issue of a lack of understanding around BI, as well as the lack of resources, instruments, data and expertise to even make use of the repertoire of tools that BI presents.

The last group started with Tiago Cravo Oliveira Hashiguchi from the OECD's Directorate of Employment, Labour and Social Affairs presenting his team's research on telemedicine . Mr. Hashiguchi highlighted how telemedicine entails significant uncertainties and the potential for inefficiencies and regional inequalities, but also how it holds strong promises of cost reductions, knowledge sharing, and patient empowerment. Experience from OECD countries shows that most barriers are not technological but institutional and cultural, and a supportive policy environment for telemedicine must address digital and geographical divides, scale-up through sustaining financing, and promote clarity through guidelines. Participants reflected on key methods emerging including the use of tools and platforms to increase inclusivity and user involvement; the use of design thinking; and, the establishment of experimentation spaces and of usability, accessibility and other proxies to evaluate new technologies.

We were delighted with how the workshop went, and are extremely grateful for the Austrian Ministry of Civil Service and Sport for their help in partnering with us to deliver it. Not only did the workshop allow us to share insights, research and examples about the concept of Enhancement-Oriented Innovation as part of our effort to support countries to better understand their own innovation portfolios; but, it also will greatly inform our upcoming research. We are writing about Enhancement-Oriented Innovation as part of an Horizon 2020 report on our Innovation Facets.

This workshop particularly demonstrated the extraordinary impact of this type of innovation, whether that be in specific projects, in the productivity of the public sector as a whole, or in laying the foundations for more transformational change. However, it also revealed that our challenge, when writing the report, will be to tie all of these threads together to make the persuasive case for Enhancement-Oriented Innovation as a coherent concept. A brief on this topic should be published later in the year (around October), and the full report will be published by the end of the year. If you are interested in the topic, we recommend that you reach out to us at .

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Using innovation methods to enhance and improve core government policy-making and services - Observatory of Public Sector Innovation

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On May 11th 2021, OPSI hosted a workshop in partnership with the Austrian Federal Ministry for Civil Service and Sport on Enhancement-Oriented Innovation, as part of our ongoing work on the Innovation facets through our Horizon 2020 programme of research.

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Observación y discusión durante las actividades de grupo y revisión de los planes de ejecución creados por los estudiantes.

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Cuestionario sobre los procesos de planificación, organización, ejecución y control en la Administración Pública para evaluar la comprensión de los estudiantes.

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Introduction to Public Administration | 311 plays | Quizizz

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Introduction to Public Administration quiz for University students. Find other quizzes for and more on Quizizz for free!

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Los estudiantes resumen y reflejan sobre lo aprendido en una discusión dirigida por el instructor.

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Cada estudiante escribe una idea clave que aprendió sobre los procesos de la Administración Pública y una pregunta que aún tiene.

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Los estudiantes completarán una lectura suplementaria sobre un caso de estudio de planificación y responden preguntas de reflexión.