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1400 to 1450:The Rise of Rome and the de Medici Family

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1400 to 1450:The Rise of Rome and the de Medici Family

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The rise of Rome :During this period ,Rome wasn't as influential as it was in ancient times,but it started gaining importance again due to the catholic church.The Popes resided in Rome and began to exercise considerable power in European politics .The Renaissance was also in full swing,and Rome became a center of art and culture.

The Medici Family was one of the most powerful and influential dynasties in Florence, Italy. Cosimo de Medici,also known as Cosimo the Elder,was the founder of the family's wealth and power .The Medici were bankers and patrons of the arts and science . Under their patronage,Florence became the center of the Renaissance .Lorenzo the Magnificent,was another prominent member of the family who continued his grandfather's legacy .

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1400:The black death and the rise of florence

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1400:The black death and the rise of florence

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The black death began spreading throughout Europe. Somehow, by killing a big percentage of the European population, the plague improved the economy. Which allowed rich people to invest in art and display.

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Leonardo da Vinci, who was known for his dramatic and expessive artwork, was born on April 15, 1452. The Mona Lisa, The Last Supper are some of painting he had work on and many others. Some point during the early 1490s, da Vinci began filling notebooks related to four broad themes(painting architecture, mechanics, and human anatomy).

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The Gutenberg Bible, which also known as the 42-line Bible, was the the earliest major book printed in Europe using a mass-produced movable type. Johannes Gutenberg, who completed it about 1455 working in Mainz, Germany.

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This event began in earnest with Christopher Columbus in 1492 and ended in 1607. When he stumbled upon 2 unknown continents. A second event during The Age of Exploration, is when the Spaniards conquered 3 major civilizations in Central and South America and in the process unleashed a devastating exchange that killed aproximately 95 percent of the areas inhabitants between 1492-1650.

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Europe(Habsburgs Empire)Charles V faced conflicts with France,the Ottoman Empire,and protestants.

2.Protestant Reformation:started by Martin Luther in 1517.

3.France:France I fought against the Hasburgs.

4.England:Henry VIII founded the church of England.

5.Italy:Italian wars for territorial control.

6.ottoman Empire: Expansion under Suleiman the Magnificent

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The Peace of Augsburg (1555) allowed German princes to choose either Lutheranism or Catholicism as the official religion of their territories aiming to end religious conflicts in the Holy Roman empire .

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This was a religious movement that happened in the 1500s throughout Europe. it was aimed at improving the Catholic Church's corruption and resulted in the creation of Protestantism, which is a major branch of Christianity.

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The artist Filippo Brunelleschi discovered a method of architecture that would revolutionize art. Linear Perspective allows art to have depth and appear in 3D, which allows portraits and painting to seem more realistic, a factor defining the Renaissance Era.

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This event has a reputation for its achievements in painting, architecture, sculpture, literature, music, philosophy, technology, and exploration. The Italian Renaissance peaked in the mid-16th century as domestic argue and foreign invasions plunged the region into the turmoil of the Italian Wars.

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The European War of Religion began with the minor Knights' War (1522-1523), followed by the larger German Peasants' War(1524-1525). Germany, France, and the Netherlands each solved the religious problem by means of war, in which case the solution contained original aspects.

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The Scientific Revolution began with astronomy. The Scientific Revolution was the drastic change in scientific thought that took place during the 16th and 17th centuries. The change replacing the Greek view that had dominated science for almost 2,000 years. Science became an autonomous discipline, distinct from both philosophy and technology, and it also came to be regarded as having utilitarian goals.

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The Spanish Inquisition, established in 1478,was created to maintain catholic orthodoxy and to persecute heretics, especially converses (Jews and Muslims who had converted to Chistianity)

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The Fall of Constantinople in 1453 ended the Byzantine Empire and marked the rise of the Ottoman Empire, significantly impacting trade and the spread of knowledge.