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Note. an image created by Openart.ai from prompt a Sudanese person performing cupping on another Sudanese person in a traditional setting.

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Traditional methods, deeply rooted in Sudanese culture, have significantly enhanced primary care services. One of them is cupping—known as Al-Hijama. This technique involves placing a glass cup against the skin and creating a vacuum through suction to draw blood to the surface, also called dry cupping. (Abdalbasit Mariod1,2023)

In wet cupping, the process goes after drawing blood to a specific area of the body, such as the back of the head, ankles, or stomach. Small incisions are made, and the blood is extracted. This procedure is believed to remove 'bad blood' from the body. The wound is then treated with a thick layer of ashes to promote healing.(Abdalbasit Mariod1, 2023)

REFERENCE:

Abdalbasit Mariod1, Haroon Elrashied Tahir3, Mohamed Ahmed Agab4. (2023). History of Traditional Medicine Practices in Sudan. International Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research

, 4(1), 31-36.

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Note. an image created by Openart.ai from prompt A Sudanese lady making Helo Mur drink holding corn crepes in hand.

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Sudanese favourite traditional drink during the month of Ramzan.

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Sudanese favourite traditional drink during the month of Ramzan.

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Helo Mur means 'bittersweet', synonymous with the Islamic holy month Ramzan.

Recipe of Helo Mur:

1. Prepare Corn: Dry harvested corn in the sun until fully dried. Grind into a fine flour. (Hammad, 2023)

2. Mix: Combine the corn flour with spices like fenugreek, cumin, and optional hibiscus. Soak in sugar and water for several days. (Hammad, 2023)

3. Cook: Spread the thick paste onto a grill plate over a traditional wood fire. Cook until it forms a thin, leather-colored film. Peel away and store. (Hammad, 2023)

4. Serve: Soak the stored film in water to create the drink. Serve chilled to cool off during Ramadan’s heat. (Hammad, 2023)

REFERENCE:

Hammad, A. (2023, 9 , April,2023). Sudan’s Specialty: Bittersweet Ramadan Drink. Kuwait times. https://kuwaittimes.com/sudans-specialty-bittersweet-ramadan-drink

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culturally responsive clinical working practice domain 3.2

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culturally responsive clinical working practice domain 3.2

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Description: A 35-year-old lady died due to a lack of understanding. The doctor explained everything to the daughter, but the daughter was also not proficient in English, and he was unaware of TIS service for patients.(Bird, 2010)

Evaluation: Interpreters are essential for clear communication, ensuring refugees understand medical procedures and consent, and reducing the risk of errors.

Analysis: A lack of interpreters can lead to losing life in some cases and getting into legal issues.(Bird, 2010)

Conclusion: Using interpreters is vital for ethical care and ensuring refugees' rights are respected.

Action Plan: Always engage interpreters to support clear communication and ask at the start if they need interpreters to support them through the process.(Bird, 2010)

Reference:

Bird, S. (2010). Failure to Use an Interpreter. Australian Family Physician, 39(4), 241–242. https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.031397538184087

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Note. an image taken from WHO webpage of cholera treatment.                      https://www.who.int/images/default-source/departments/wash/world-water-day-2023/cholera-dyk.png?sfvrsn=6568dc30_5

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Health concern and treatment for cholera and malaria cases coming from Sudan

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Health concern and treatment for cholera and malaria cases coming from Sudan

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Sudan is facing a cholera outbreak amid ongoing conflict, with 119 cases reported in three refugee sites and five deaths so far. Other waterborne diseases like malaria and diarrhea worsen the crisis. (direct, 2023; Mohamed, 2024)

Cholera Treatment: The primary treatment for cholera is rehydration therapy, which helps replace fluids and salts lost due to diarrhea and vomiting. It is diagnosed by taking a sample from your poo. (direct, 2023)

Malaria Response: Early health assessment and testing are crucial for malaria. Anyone showing symptoms should be promptly referred to a physician or hospitalized for proper care.(Christine Phillips, 2024)

Reference:

Christine Phillips, J. F. (2024). The Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide. The Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/malaria/

Direct, H. (2023, 2023). Cholera. Health direct. https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/cholera

Mohamed, E. (2024, 21, August,2024). What has caused the cholera outbreak in Sudan? Aljazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/8/21/what-has-caused-the-cholera-outbreak-in-sudan

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Fiqi, K. E. (2011). Sudan South Sudan Referendum - Jan 2011. In JPG (Ed.), (Vol. 5616 × 3744 pixels ): shutterstock.

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The Islamic calendar celebrates the Prophet's birthday on the twelfth day of the month, Rabi-I. There is a public holiday on this memorable day. (World Trade, 2010)
Religious recitations, presents, and feasting mark this day. Even though it is not in the Quran to celebrate this, it is celebrated worldwide. On this day, people celebrate by selling and eating street food in town squares, where Muslims join up to engage in entertainment and prayer. (World Trade, 2010)

Reference:

World, T. P. (2010). Sudan Society & Culture Complete Report: An all-inclusive profile combining our society and culture reports. World Trade Press.

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Panjinskaya, A. (2024). This FTA Prize Winning Designer’s Wedding Celebrated Sudanese Customs and Traditions. In weddings (Ed.). Arabia: Vogue Arabia.

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A traditional Sudanese ceremony known as "jirtig" is carried out to wish the newlyweds a good and prosperous marriage. The bride and groom dress in white, gold, and crimson. The bride is shielded from evil spirits as she enters with a Garmasis robe. A family member puts on beaded bracelets once they are seated. (CHABLANI, 2023)Following the application of traditional powders and oils, the pair sips milk from each other's cups to signify their connection and happiness. This ritual ensures happiness and good fortune. A wedding is incomplete without dancing; some Sudanese wedding songs like Wedding Song by Bakri Amaghrabi and The Ghanjari Groom - Al-Earis Al-Ghanjari. (CHABLANI, 2024)

Reference:

CHABLANI, N. (2024). This FTA Prize Winning Designer’s Wedding Celebrated Sudanese Customs and Traditions. Vogue Arabia. https://en.vogue.me/weddings/designer-eilaf-osman-sudanese-wedding-dubai-pictures/#:~:text=“The%20Jirtig%20is%20an%20ancient,to%20evoke%20Meriotic%20coronation%20robes.

Sudanesebridal Sudanese.(15, Jan 2019). Sudanese wedding songs

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dfx4YNHbSKQ

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Impact of social inclusion and non-discrimination as WHO social determinants on sudanese people arriving to Australia.

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Impact of social inclusion and non-discrimination as WHO social determinants on sudanese people arriving to Australia.

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91% of participants said they experienced discrimination, and 60% said they faced it last year. (Ziersch et al., 2020)As stated, social exclusion directly affects mental health, such as leading to depression, anxiety, isolation and many more." just because I come from a war-torn country does not mean I cannot learn"- "community consultation, ACT."(AM, June,2010)

Social inclusion and non-discrimination provide comfort and let people excel and forget the hurtful scenarios of life while going ahead in life. It also inhibits inclusive growth, reduces the cost of social services, improves mental and physical health, improves employment services, and increases productivity in the workplace.

References:

Hunt, X., Shakespeare, T., Vilyte, G., Melendez-Torres, G. J., Henry, J., Bradshaw, M., Naidoo, S., Mbuyamba, R., Aljassem, S., Suubi, E., Aljasem, N., Makhetha, M., & Bantjes, J. (2023). Effectiveness of Social Inclusion Interventions for Anxiety and Depression among Adolescents: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031895

Ziersch, A., Due, C., & Walsh, M. (2020). Discrimination: a health hazard for people from refugee and asylum-seeking backgrounds resettled in Australia. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 108. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-8068-3

AM, G. I. ( June,2010). Australian human rights commision. https://humanrights.gov.au/our-work/race-discrimination/projects/our-own-words-african-australians-review-human-rights-and