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This refers to the people who preformed manual labor or wage based jobs with limited power or authority, often under close supervision without significant control over their work.

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This refers to the period, especially in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, when the Industrial revolution and mass production led to increased availability and affordable of goods, transforming consumption from a necessity- driven behavior to a source of self- expression and social participation.

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The Panic of 1873 was a severe economic downturn triggered by the collapse of Jay Cooke & Co. in September 1873. Fueled by over-investment railroads and other speculative ventures, the panic caused widespread business and bank failures, as well as a collapse of credit. The crisis resulted in social unrest, political realignments, and a period of severe economic hardship for millions.

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The Scientific Management was a management theory emphasizing increased worker efficiency and productivity through the application of scientific methods to work processes.

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The knights of labor was the largest 19th century American Labor organization, founded in 1869 by Uriah Stephens and led by prominence by Terence V. Powderly.

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The American Federation of Labor (AFL), founded in 1886 by Samuel Gompers, was a national federation of labor unions that focused on skilled craft workers and pursued "bread-and-butter" issues such as better wages, shorter hours, and improved working conditions through collective bargaining. The