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“Buck lived at a big house in the sun-kissed Santa Clara Valley.”

Analysis:

The word Santa Clara Valley is a name of city. it's also capitalized because of the form.

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“He growled menacingly.”

Analysis:

The word “growled” is a verb in past tense from which end with -ed. It’s express an action performed by subject. And it’s follow with adverb -ly.

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“…strong of muscle and with warm. long hair…”

Analysis:

The word warm is an adjective. It’s modifies the noun “hair” by its function.

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And he hurled himself savagely against the bar.

Analysis:

The word savagely is an adverb because it’s modifies the verb “hurled”(past tense from). Formally it ends with -ly, which is common from suffix of adverb and occur after a verb.

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“Manuel doubled a piece of stout rope around Buck’s neck under the collar”

Analysis:

The word “under” is a preposition because it’s showing relation between “neck” and “the collar”. Formally preposition is followed with noun (object of preposition).

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He was beaten (he knew that); but he was not broken

Analysis:

The word “but” is a conjunction because it is links two independent clauses. It is introduced the contrast of two sentences. It’s also can connect words, phrases or clauses.

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“All the stiffness and gloss had gone out of his beautiful furry coat.

Head noun: coat

Pre-noun modifiers: beautiful furry

(two adjectives before the noun)

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“a lusty last straw to the load dragged by the weak and starving animals”

Head noun: straw

Post-noun modifier: to the load dragged by the weak and starving animals.

(prepositional phrase modifying straw)

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He speedily learned that Perrault and François were fair men, calm and impartial in administering justice, and too wise in the way of dogs to be fooled by dogs.

Head adjective: wise

Intensifier: too

Prepositional phrase in the way of dogs functions as a complement to wise.

Together this forms a full adjective phrase.

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“Buck had accepted the rope with quiet dignity.”

Head: dignity

Preceded by preposition with and modifier quiet.

Functions adverbially, describing the manner of how Buck accepted the rope.

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Prepositional phrase functioning as an adjective

# data[].attributes.subject
Prepositional phrase functioning as an adjective

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“But she weighed one hundred and twenty pounds-a lusty last straw to the load dragged by the weak and starving animals”

Expanded with dragged by the weak and starving animals.

Head noun: load

Modifier: by the weak and starving animals describes who dragged the load → adjectival function.

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Prepositional phrase functioning as an adverb

# data[].attributes.subject
Prepositional phrase functioning as an adverb

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“He lay for the remainder of the weary night”

Preposition: for

Object: the remainder of the weary night

This tells when he lay, so the phrase modifies the verb (adverbial function).

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But Buck was neither house-dog nor kennel-dog.

Analysis: was is a linking verb connected subject which is "Buck" to subject complement which is neither-dog nor kennel-dog

The verb "was" doesn't show any action on do anything to an object , it is links subject to subject complement

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The day had been long and arduous, and he slept soundly and comfortably.

Analysis: verb is slept it doesn't need an object and there's adverbial phrase (soundly and comfortably) modifies how he slept.

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He carried the judge's grandson on his back

Analysis: "carried" is a verb and "the judge's grandson" is a direct object ( on his back not a second object it's a prepositional phrase)

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When the man brought him water, he drank eagerly and later bolted a generous meal of raw meat, chunk by

chunk, from the man’s hand.

Analysis: verb is "brought"

Indirect object is "him"

Direct object is “water”

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They called Sol-leks, which means the Angry One

Analysis: in this one the verb called is a complex transitive verb which means it’s coming up with a direct object and object complement

Direct object is Sol-leks (dog’s name)

Object complement is Which means the Angry One (describes an object8

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Example 1

Mercedes screamed, cried, laughed, and manifested the chaotic abandonment of

hysteria.

Type: Coordination of verb

Example 2

The Outsides were timid and frightened, the Insides without confidence in their masters.

Type: Coordination of adjective

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Example 1

Men felt these muscles and proclaimed them hard as iron.

Type: Coordination of verb phrase

Example 2

They were not half living, or quarter living.

Type: Coordination of adjective phrase

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Example 1

He was beaten, but he was not broken.

Example 2

He was hungry, for he had not eaten since the previous night.

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Example 1

Structure : that + subject + verb

Function : complement of the adjective “apparent”.

This clause tell what was apparent and the clause completes the meaning of apparent to Buck.

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Example 2

Structure : that + subject (he) + verb (stood)

Function : object of the verb “saw”

This clause tell what Buck realized in this situation or the idea that Buck understood.

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Example 1

Structure: whether (subordinator) + Buck (subject) + could start (verb phrase) + a thousand pounds (object)

Function: object of the verb “did not know”.

The clause expresses uncertainty / what he was unsure about (if Buck could pull the heavy load).

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Example 2

Structure: whether (subordinator) + it (subject) + heralded (verb) + peace or peril (object)

Function: object of the verb “knew”

This clause tells what Buck could sense if a sound meant danger or safety.

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Noun clauses beginning with wh-question words

# data[].attributes.subject
Noun clauses beginning with wh-question words

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Structure: where (wh-word) + he (subject) + was (verb)

Function: object of the verb “did not know”

Explanation:

This clause tells what he didn’t know which is his location.

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Noun clauses beginning with wh-question words 

# data[].attributes.subject
Noun clauses beginning with wh-question words 

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Structure: subordinator (what) + subject (it) + verb (meant)

Function: This clause functions as the Direct Object of the verb "understand."

The clause acts as a noun, serving as the direct object of the main verb "understand," specifying the thing Buck was trying to comprehend.

# data[].attributes.headline
examples using who, whom, which, or that

# data[].attributes.subject
examples using who, whom, which, or that

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Adjective clause : to which was added the dignity that comes of good living and universal respect,

Relative pronoun : which, preceded by the preposition “to”

Head noun :one hundred and forty pounds

Type : Non-restrictive adjective clause (adds extra information )

Function : modifies one hundred and forty pounds by adding extra descriptive detail.

Adjective clause : that comes of good living and universal respect

Relative pronoun : that

Head noun : the dignity

Function : describes what kind of dignity Buck had — the kind that comes from good living and universal respect.

# data[].attributes.headline
examples using who, whom, which, or that

# data[].attributes.subject
examples using who, whom, which, or that

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Adjective Clause : whom their tribesmen found with throats slashed cruelly open

Relative pronoun : whom

Head noun : hunters

Type : restrictive clause

Function : Whom is the object of the verb “found” within the clause.

# data[].attributes.headline
example using whose, where, when, or why

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example using whose, where, when, or why

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Adjective clause: where a ledge of barely submerged rocks jutted out into the river

Relative pronoun : where

Head noun: spot

Function: modifies a bad spot by describing its location.

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example with no relative pronoun (zero relative

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example with no relative pronoun (zero relative

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Adjective clause : and the dogs they wanted were heavy dogs, with strong muscles

Relative pronoun : omitted but it could be “that they wanted”

Head noun : dogs

Function : function as the direct object of the verb “wanted” (They wanted dogs). The full clause would be: that they wanted.

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• Conjunction: Because

• Analysis: This clause explains why the men were rushing into the Northland.

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• Conjunction: Wherever

• Analysis: This clause indicates the location of Buck's reaction relative to the hatchet strikes.

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• Conjunction: If

• Analysis: This clause sets a condition that must be met (striking the dog again) for the result (killing the man) to occur.

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• Conjunction: Before

• Analysis: This clause establishes the timing of the second shock, indicating it happened prior to his recovery from the first event.

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example of a non-restrictive (non-defining) clause

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example of a non-restrictive (non-defining) clause

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Adjective clause : which position was filled by Spitz.

Relative pronoun : which

Head noun : the leader

Function : The clause is set off by a comma and provides extra, non-essential information about the leader. Which r

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Reduced Adjective Clause (Present Participle)

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Reduced Adjective Clause (Present Participle)

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• Evidence: The phrase "hiding his mangled hand" follows and modifies the noun "man." It functions as an adjective describing what the man is doing.

• Full clause before reduction: "...the man [who was] hiding his mangled hand..."

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Reduced Adjective Clause (Past Participle)

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Reduced Adjective Clause (Past Participle)

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• Evidence: The phrase "known as College Park" immediately follows and modifies the noun "flag station." It carries a passive meaning (the station receives the action of being known).

• Full clause before reduction: "...flag station which was known as College Park."

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Reduced Adverb Clause (Present Participle)

# data[].attributes.subject
Reduced Adverb Clause (Present Participle)

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• Evidence: The phrase "suffering intolerable pain" modifies the subject "Buck" and the main verb "attempted." It explains the condition or cause attending the main action.

• Full clause before reduction: "While he was suffering intolerable pain..."

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 Reduced Adverb Clause (Past Participle)

# data[].attributes.subject
 Reduced Adverb Clause (Past Participle)

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• Evidence: The phrase "Shorn of its glamour and romance" initiates the sentence and modifies the subject "Arctic travel." It indicates the reason or state of the subject.

• Full clause before reduction: "Because it was shorn of its glamour and romance..."

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• Evidence: The construction "having + past participle" (having cleaned) indicates that this action was completed prior to the main action of the sentence (hurried).

• Full clause before reduction: After they had cleaned out their part of the camp..."