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Influenza has been around all throughout history including the Spanish flu. The flu also affects less people older than the age of 65 a shocking detail.

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I have learned that leprosy is an ancient disease that is rare but normally is caused from poverty and not proper hygiene.

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This is an aegypti mosquito it is the only mosquito that can spread the yellow fever disease.

/www.ecdc.europa.eu

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The pandemic reappeared in waves in different regions over the next two hundred years, ending ca. 750 CE https://origins.osu.edu/

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I learned that from this picture is shows the facility where treatments for leprosy took place.

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Public health | Definition, History, & Facts | Britannica

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"In fact more U.S soldiers died more from the 1918 flu than were killed in battle," Spanish Flu - Symptoms, How It Began & Ended.

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I have learned from this picture that Yellow Fever is a disease that has no cure. Yellow fever is a disease that is transmitted when Aedes aegypti and Haemogogus mosquitos are present. Yellow fever | World Mosquito Program

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Obese Man Courting a Tuberculosis Patient: Dropsy and Consumption, Early 19th Century (Caricature)

from this ive learned that tuberculosis was a beauty standard

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Obese Man Courting a Tuberculosis Patient: Dropsy and Consumption, Early 19th Century (Caricature)

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Obese Man Courting a Tuberculosis Patient: Dropsy and Consumption, Early 19th Century (Caricature) by Thomas Rowlandson as fine art print. ▷ Buy now

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The earliest piece of evidence found of leprosy was found on a skeleton in India. The skeleton was dated back 4,000 years ago.

www.britannica.com/science/leprosy/History

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It's caused by mosquito

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About 8% of the of the U.S. population gets ill from the flu each season. https://www.cdc.gov/

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In lupus, the immune system, meant to defend against infections, produces autoantibodies that mistake the body’s own cells as foreign, causing other immune cells to mistakenly attack healthy tissues.

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What Is Lupus?

Lupus, an autoimmune disease, is a chronic and complex illness that affects millions of people worldwide. In lupus, the immune system, meant to defend against infections, produces autoantibodies that mistake the body's own cells as foreign, causing other immune cells to mistakenly attack healthy tissues.

Lupus can affect any part of the body, causing widespread inflammation and tissue damage. The most commonly impacted areas are the joints, skin, brain, lungs, heart, kidneys, and blood vessels.

Here are some basic facts about the disease, its symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE)

CLE causes rashes or lesions on the skin. There are multiple subtypes of CLE, many of which can appear or worsen with sun exposure.

Drug-induced lupus (DIL)

DIL is a temporary autoimmune condition triggered by certain medications taken for months or years. It causes lupus-like symptoms such as joint pain, fatigue, muscle aches, rash, and sometimes fever. Unlike SLE, DIL rarely involves the kidneys or central nervous system. Once the medication is stopped, symptoms usually improve, though it could take several weeks or months for them to fully resolve.

Neonatal lupus syndrome (NLS)

NLS occurs when certain lupus-related autoantibodies cross the placenta from the mother to the infant. These autoantibodies can cause temporary skin, liver and blood abnormalities, which typically resolve within six months. The most serious complication - congenital heart block - may be permanent and require a pacemaker.

The most serious health risks are cardiovascular disease, kidney disease and stroke. Specifically, people with lupus are at an increased risk for atherosclerosis (the deposition of fats, cholesterol, and other substances along the lining of the arterial wall). In some people, inflammation can occur in the heart muscle (myocarditis) or the membrane that surrounds it (pericarditis). Lupus can also cause inflammation of the heart valves, which can result in valve damage and heart murmurs.

When the disease affects the kidneys, it's called lupus nephritis, and patients generally require intensive drug treatment to prevent permanent damage. Lupus can also affect the brain and/or spinal cord. This is called neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE). Because its symptoms can mimic those of other conditions, diagnosis is complex. Possible features include headaches, cognitive impairment (e.g., memory issues, slowed processing), mood disorders (e.g., depression or anxiety), movement disorders (e.g., tremors), vision problems, seizures, psychosis (e.g., confusion, hallucinations), strokes, or peripheral neuropathies (nerve pain, numbness, tingling).

There is no single test to definitively diagnose lupus, and it could take months or even years to be sure. Typically, your doctor will conduct a complete medical history and physical exam, including blood tests. The doctor may also perform skin and kidney biopsies (extracting tissue samples that are then examined under a microscope) to make a diagnosis.
Learn more about a lupus diagnosis

You may need to see different kinds of doctors to treat the many symptoms of lupus. Once you're diagnosed, your primary physician for lupus is usually a rheumatologist, who treats arthritis and other diseases that cause swelling in the joints. Depending on your specific diagnosis, the rheumatologist may then send you to a clinical immunologist for treating immune system disorders, a nephrologist (kidney disease), a hematologist (blood disorders), a dermatologist (skin diseases), a neurologist (nervous system), a cardiologist (heart and blood vessel problems) or an endocrinologist (glands and hormones).

A treatment plan may aim to:

Prevent or treat flares

Prevent or reduce organ and joint damage

Reduce swelling and pain

Support overactive immune responses to prevent further tissue damage

More about treatment options

While there is currently no cure for the disease, there is hope for people living with lupus. The complexity of the disease - its unpredictable course, diverse manifestations, and underlying immune system imbalance - makes a single, universal cure unlikely. However, research continues to advance in promising and powerful ways.

Personalized approaches based on individual genetics, disease activity, and treatment responses are redefining how lupus is diagnosed, monitored, and managed. Patients are increasingly seen through the lens of their unique clinical and molecular profiles - symptoms and biological traits that guide diagnosis and treatment - rather than a generalized framework.

The landscape is rapidly evolving with innovations like:

Advanced biomarker discovery (identifying biological clues) and genetic profiling (decoding DNA patterns) that help doctors detect lupus earlier, predict how it may behave, and tailor treatments to each individual

Predictive analytics, which uses data to forecast disease progression and guide treatment decisions

Engineered cell therapies, including CAR T-cell approaches that reprogram immune cells to target disease-causing cells

These developments hold promise for earlier diagnoses, safer and more effective treatments, and - in the long term - potentially targeted therapies tailored to different lupus subtypes.

Increasingly, patient-centered care is at the heart of it all - ensuring therapies align not only with biology, but also with the lupus lived experience.

The Lupus Research Alliance continues to lead the funding of groundbreaking studies, supporting efforts to refine diagnostic tools, improve targeted treatments, and ultimately, find cures for lupus.

Lupus is one of the most challenging autoimmune diseases to understand and treat. It occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells and tissues, leading to inflammation and damage across multiple organs. As a chronic condition, lupus requires long-term care and careful management.

What makes lupus especially complex is its unpredictable nature - it affects each person differently, with symptoms that can be subtle, intermittent, or mimic other illnesses. This variability often delays diagnosis and complicates treatment decisions. That's why lupus is sometimes called "the disease with 1,000 faces." But there are many more faces - and minds - working towards cures. Researchers, clinicians, and patient advocates are pushing the boundaries of science to transform this complexity into clarity and hope.

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Lupus, an autoimmune disease, is a chronic and complex illness that affects millions of people worldwide. In lupus, the immune system, meant to defend against infections, produces autoantibodies that mistake the body's own cells as foreign, causing other immune cells to mistakenly attack healthy tissues.

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Alexander the Great died from Malaria June 323 BC. Malaria: The Past and the Present - PMC

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Despite its name, researchers believe the Spanish flu most likely originated in the United States. One of the first recorded cases was on March 11, 1918, at Fort Riley in Kansas. Purple Death: The Great Flu of 1918 - PAHO/WHO | Pan American Health Organization

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"We know now that influenza, or flu, is caused by a virus – but for many years it was thought to be caused by a bacterial infection. In 1892, German scientist Richard Pfeiffer isolated a small bacterium from the noses of patients with flu, naming it ‘bacillus influenzae’."

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I found a timeline of the history of Influenza

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Influenza - "The H1N1 influenza pandemic that swept across the world from 1918 to 1919, sometimes called “the mother of all pandemics”, involved a particularly virulent new strain of the influenza A virus."