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Songhai: Greatest university for learning Timbuktu 13th-16th c- ideas of astronomy, medicine, and mathematics
Kongo: Kingdom located in west-central Africa, and created trade with Portugaul
Asante: Located in west Africa, traded with Portugal with gold and slaves
Zulu: Located in south Africa. Led by warrior Shaka, British empire took them over.
Ethiopia: Trades with Portugal and other Europeans for weapons and maintained independence from Europeans.

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Sahara Desert: Worlds largest Africa desert
Niger river: Main river of west Africa, moves through the countries of Niger and Mali
Congo river: Second longes river behind the Nile
Horn of Africa: Part of Northeastern Africa includes the countries of Somalia and southeastern Ethiopia
Cape of good hope: Located in south Africa, names after the explorer Bartholomew Dias.

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Songhai: While Islam was practiced by rulers, most people remained loyal to their indigenous religions.
Asante: Practiced indigenous religion and use and indigenous people

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Social and cultural patterns in East Africa  

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Social and cultural patterns in East Africa  

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Ethiopia
-Influence of Christianity, Judaism, and and Islam through trade.
- Differences in religion, and European interation caused conflict.

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Social and cultural patterns in Central and Southern Africa 

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Social and cultural patterns in Central and Southern Africa 

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Kongo
- Portuguese missionaries were successful in converting rulers to christianity, resulting in the conversion of the entire kingdom
- The art of Kongo was elaborate, using wood, cloth, and terra-cotta
Zulu
- Practiced of indigenous,  characterized by ancestral sprits and the use of of magic occurred.
- History passed through oral traditions in the indigenous language

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-Political system: Ruled by monarch who commanded the military and controlled an imperial bureaucracy
- Economic system: Economy based on trade of slaves and gold to North Africa across the Sahara desert and overseas

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- Political system: Elimination of clan traditions in favor of a unified government under a central leader.
- Economic system: Economy based on trade of slaves and gold to North Africa across the Sahara Desert and overseas

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- Political system: Ruled by a monarch centered on Christianity
- Economic system: Economy based on trade of gold, ivory, and frankincense across the Sahara Desert and overseas

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- Political system: Ruled by monarch with centralized power over a bureaucracy
- Economic system: Economy based on agriculture, metallurgy, and trade of ivory and slaves

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- Political system: Ruled by a monarch with centralized power over a bureaucracy
- Economic system: Economy based on entirely on agriculture and livestock.