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Goal : support development of phonemic awareness, phonics, and fluency.

Activity : As a class, we will read a book together. The specific book is called “Rainbow Fish”

While reading the book together I will pause and ask questions about certain words and their meanings. While reading the book, I will emphasize on certain words such ad “happy” or “sad”.

After we have read the book I will ask my students to partner up with a buddy. They will share what they think of the book and creat their one rainbow fish together! We will then share our final project together and share some of our favorite key parts of the book, while rephrasing particular words.

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https://www.greatschools.org/gk/articles/10-ways-to-help-your-child-with-phonics/

https://www.readingrockets.org/blogs/shanahan-on-literacy/phonics-second-language-learners

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https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED612073.pdf

https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1077898.pdf

https://pin.it/38vYxgP

https://twistynoodle.com/a-is-for-apple-20-coloring-page/

https://phonicshero.com/phonemic-awareness/

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https://share.icloud.com/photos/01fKsIEKMAdeVp6fidbOkiYDQ

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The set of words that a student can read and understand.

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Comprehension means the reader understands what the book is about. They are able to read the words, and understand the vocabulary presented.

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A set of words a student can read and properly understand and identify.

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Comprehension and Vocabulary in the Classroom

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Comprehension and Vocabulary in the Classroom

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One developmentally appropriate classroom activity I would utilize in my classroom would be to read a story to the students and ask them to write a before, during and after about what they learned. I would ask them to write at least one new word they learned and describe the definition of the word and what it means.

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Comprehension and Vocabulary Resources at Home 

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Comprehension and Vocabulary Resources at Home 

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1. Ask students to ask their family members the meaning of core words found in a book sent home with them to read together.

2. Ask students to write and tell a story in properly sequence to their family members using new vocabulary they learned through reading a new book.

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5 Comprehension and Vocabulary Resources 

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5 Comprehension and Vocabulary Resources 

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Main Types of Reading Skills & Reading Comprehension Tips (unifyhighschool.org)

Key Comprehension Strategies to Teach | Reading Rockets

Vocabulary (nsw.gov.au)

Teaching Vocabulary | Reading Rockets

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At a glance

Reading comprehension can be challenging for kids.

Kids must master a number of key skills, like decoding, to fully understand what they're reading.

There are ways to help struggling readers build these skills at home and at school.

Here are six essential skills needed for reading comprehension, and tips on what can help kids improve this skill.

Decoding relies on an early language skill called phonemic awareness. (This skill is part of an even broader skill called phonological awareness.) Phonemic awareness lets kids hear individual sounds in words (known as phonemes). It also allows them to "play" with sounds at the word and syllable level.

Decoding also relies on connecting individual sounds to letters. For instance, to read the word sun, kids must know that the letter s makes the /s/ sound. Grasping the connection between a letter (or group of letters) and the sounds they typically make is an important step toward "sounding out" words.

What can help: Most kids pick up the broad skill of phonological awareness naturally, by being exposed to books, songs, and rhymes. But some kids don't. In fact, one of the early signs of reading difficulties is trouble with rhyming, counting syllables, or identifying the first sound in a word.

To read fluently, kids need to instantly recognize words, including words they can't sound out. Fluency speeds up the rate at which they can read and understand text. It's also important when kids encounter irregular words, like of and the, which can't be sounded out.

Sounding out or decoding every word can take a lot of effort. Word recognition is the ability to recognize whole words instantly by sight, without sounding them out.

When kids can read quickly and without making too many errors, they are "fluent" readers.

What can help: Word recognition can be a big obstacle for struggling readers. Average readers need to see a word four to 14 times before it becomes a " sight word " they automatically recognize. Kids with dyslexia, for instance, may need to see it up to 40 times.

Lots of kids struggle with reading fluency. As with other reading skills, kids need lots of specific instruction and practice to improve word recognition.

To understand what you're reading, you need to understand most of the words in the text. Having a strong vocabulary is a key component of reading comprehension. Students can learn vocabulary through instruction. But they typically learn the meaning of words through everyday experience and also by reading.

What can help: The more words kids are exposed to, the richer their vocabulary becomes. You can help build your child's vocabulary by having frequent conversations on a variety of topics. Try to include new words and ideas. Telling jokes and playing word games is a fun way to build this skill.

Reading together every day also helps improve vocabulary. When reading aloud, stop at new words and define them. But also encourage your child to read alone. Even without hearing a definition of a new word, your child can use context to help figure it out.

Teachers can help, too. They can carefully choose interesting words to teach and then give explicit instruction (instruction that is specialized and direct). They can engage students in conversation. And they can make learning vocabulary fun by playing word games in class.

4. Sentence construction and cohesion

Understanding how sentences are built might seem like a writing skill. So might connecting ideas within and between sentences, which is called cohesion. But these skills are important for reading comprehension as well.

Knowing how ideas link up at the sentence level helps kids get meaning from passages and entire texts. It also leads to something called coherence, or the ability to connect ideas to other ideas in an overall piece of writing.

What can help: Explicit instruction can teach kids the basics of sentence construction. For example, teachers can work with students on connecting two or more thoughts, through both writing and reading.

5. Reasoning and background knowledge

Most readers relate what they've read to what they know. So it's important for kids to have background or prior knowledge about the world when they read. They also need to be able to "read between the lines" and pull out meaning even when it's not literally spelled out.

Take this example: A child is reading a story about a poor family in the 1930s. Having knowledge about the Great Depression can provide insight into what's happening in the story. The child can use that background knowledge to make inferences and draw conclusions.

What can help: Your child can build knowledge through reading, conversations, movies and TV shows, and art. Life experience and hands-on activities also build knowledge.

Expose your child to as much as possible, and talk about what you've learned from experiences you've had together and separately. Help your child make connections between new knowledge and existing knowledge. And ask open-ended questions that require thinking and explanations.

6. Working memory and attention

What can help: There are many ways you can help improve your child's working memory. Skillbuilders don't have to feel like work, either. There are a number of games and everyday activities that can build working memory without kids even knowing it.

More ways to help with reading comprehension

Key takeaways

Decoding, fluency, and vocabulary skills are key to reading comprehension.

Being able to connect ideas within and between sentences helps kids understand the whole text.

Reading aloud and talking about experiences can help kids build reading skills.

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6 essential skills for reading comprehension

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Learn the basics of reading comprehension. Here are 6 skills kids need for reading comprehension, and how to help kids build them.

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How to Support Students in Understanding Comprehension and Vocabulary

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How to Support Students in Understanding Comprehension and Vocabulary

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Reading and learning words that are new to students should not only help students comprehend the text that is being read but also lead to a greater understanding of the world itself. Below are some strategies for teaching unfamiliar words that could be incorporated in the classroom

1. Tell the student the word.

2. Talk about the word, giving as much background as possible – a personal story.

3. Demonstrate how the word could be used in a sentence.

4. Discuss multiple meanings of the word with students

5. Practice visualization. For example – to teach the word "glide" ask students to visualize a person that they might know walking past them slowly.

6. Together with the student, compose a simple definition and have the student write it on board.

Then, really focus on instilling the word to the students.

After students understand the word properly begin to use it in hands on activities such as writing it on the board. On a separate piece of paper ask students to describe the word and use it in their very own sentences. Share with one another.

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References

Cabell, S. Q. (2023). Helping Young Children Read for Understanding. American Educator, 47(3), 21–22.

Smith, R., Snow, P., Serry, T., & Hammond, L. (2023). Elementary Teachers’ Perspectives on Teaching Reading Comprehension. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 54(3), 888–913. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1044/2023_LSHSS-22-00118