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The USA went threw many a hard time while they we still a new country. Theses decisions that they made are still impacting us to this day.

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The American mission was to be an “ empire for liberty with room enough for our descendants to the thousandth and thousandth generation.” They set out groups of people to explore places they haven’t discovered to expand the nation. Most of the people who moved to the west wanted to move there because of the new economic opportunities.

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Because of all of the settlers moving this impacted the native Americans communities. They were fighting to keep the settlers away from there homes so that they could maintain strong cultural traditions. This led to the Blackhawk war. The people of the Sauk and fox tribes were removed from there homes and transported to west of the Mississippi.

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The fort lamarie treaty helped Native American nations to keep they control of there nations and in return the native Americans would not attack settlers. The government made payments to them to keep the boundaries.

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The Oregon trail come about by Marcus and narcissi Whitman. They were Methodist missionary’s that moved to Oregon territories to set up schools to convert new Christian’s. Because there letter talked about how good the soil and rain fall was this prompted hundreds of Americans to travel to Oregon using the trail. Most of the people that traveled on the Oregon trail walked or pushed carts. The journey was very hard and lonesome and many people died due to fever,diarriea, and cholera.

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Mormons migrated on the Oregon trail westward. This group played a very important part in the colonizing of the west. Joseph smith and some other people came together to creat the church of the later day saints. After Joseph was murdered young moved his followers to Salt Lake City were they could practice there religion with out being persecuted. Later in 1849 this area was organized as a territory and Young was the Governor.

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Americans settled in the south to protect the land from Native American attacks. There was lots of tension between the Us and Mexico but when Mexico reached out and invited the Americans to live in Texas it was an opportunity that the Americans could not pass up.

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Tensions grew between Texas and Mexico as cultures collided. Lots of the settlers had slaves working for them but slavery was outlawed in Mexico so Mexico insisted that the settlers in Texas had to free there slaves. In retaliation Austin went to mexico to present a petition to the president which would strengthen greater self government. Austin was imprisoned for trying to change the law and this act started what was the Texas Revolution.

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The lone star republic was created when Texas set Santa Anna free after the treaty of velasco and Houston became the president of the Republic of Texas. March 2,1836 Texas declares independence from Mexico and Sam Houston invited the United States to incorporate taxes government to the United States. On December 29, 1845 texas became the 28 state.

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Tensions flared again between the United States and Mexico when Texas became a US state. When the idea of a war came about people in the us were very excited and volunteered to help the cause. War began in 1845 and in the congress there was a vote of 40 to 2 for the war. American troops in Mexico pushed on and slowly seized the territory. The war ended by the Americans winning and Mexico surrendering

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Mexico lost over 25,000 people to the war while the us only around 2,000 died on the battle field. One way the US gained the spoil of war was that they gained 1/3 of new land to settle in. Many good things happened because of this war like the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo which granted Mexico freedom of religion protection and property under the US rule.

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Many people migrated to California in search of gold and a better life. The Americans saw the west as a place where unlimited opportunities were waiting. Gold fever ran threw the people like a wild fire when they heard there was gold to be found. The gold Rush brought people to California which intern created more jobs.

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Boats and boating--Equipment and supplies

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This document has letter from the states against the Wilmot Proviso. 

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On August 8,1846 David Wilmont made tensions rise between the north and south by drafting an amendment to the bill proposing that slaver and involuntary servitude shall never exist. This meant that California, Utah

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The celebration of the admission of California when it became a state.

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In the late 1849 California held a convention and appointed a governor and a legislator. By 1850 they applied for the union.  Because the new constitution outlawed slavery many southerners were alarmed. They thought that because of the Missouri comprise they would be able to have slaves. In Manifest Destiny John O’Sullivan talked about why California had to join the union to protect against Mexico. This helped strengthen the case for the addition of California as a state.

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This is when the congress debate on the compromise.

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Henry Clay worked very hard to create a compromise that he hoped would settle the questions and controversy between free and slave states. This was later called the compromise of 1850. This was a ground breaking speech for clay but Calhounon presented his opinion to the southern states to explain his reasoning for slavery in the territories.  Calhounon made it clear that  he will not compromise on what he believed and would not except the compromise. Three days later Webster spork a speech that would be become one of the most famous speeches in the history of congress. He spook about both sides finding a equal playing field to compromise on. After this speech congress passed the compromise.

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Harriet Tubman and the salves she helped free part of the Underground Railroad.

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The Underground Railroad was developed by white abolitionists  and free African Americans. It was a way to help runaway slaves get to freedom in the north. Because of the fugitive slave act which meant that any runaway slave found in the north would be imprisoned and sent back to there owners there was lots of opposition from the northern states. Nine northern states passed laws on personal liberty which meant that slaves found in the north could not be put into prison and that they would be able to have a jury trial. Harriet Tubman was one of the most famous conductors and helped 300 slaves and here own parents get to safety in the north. She also made 19 trips back to the south to help free slaves. Harriets job was very dangerous but despite that not a single person that she helped got caught.

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Popular sovereignty and the Kansas Nebraska act 

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Popular sovereignty and the Kansas Nebraska act 

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Tensions in the north were already tight and it was only strengthened by the issue of slavery in the territory. In 1845 Douglas made a proposal to divide the territories of Nebraska and Kansas. He pushed for the building of a railroad from Chicago to san Francisco .he believed that popular sovereignty would be the most fair and democratic way to organize the new Governments.

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American Experience | The Pottawatomie Massacre | Season 1

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The massacre happened on may 24 when John brown and his followers kidnapped five people from there beds in an act against slavery. They cut off there heads and stabbed them .this was later known as the pottawatomie massacer and it put into play dozens of massacres throughout Kansas.

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American Experience
Clip: Season 1 | 1m 26s

On the night of May 24th, 1856, Brown and four of his sons dragged five pro-slavery men from their cabins, and hacked them to pieces with broadswords. "Brown is not simply evening the score in Kansas. He's really also trying to strike terror into the hearts of pro-slavery settlers."

Aired: 01/08/13

Rating: NR

Problems Playing Video? Report a Problem |

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American Experience | The Pottawatomie Massacre | Season 1

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American Experience Clip: Season 1 | 1m 26s On the night of May 24th, 1856, Brown and four of his sons dragged five pro-slavery men from their cabins, and hacked them to pieces with broadswords. "Brown is not simply evening the score in Kansas.

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The American Presidential Election of 1856

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During this time the whigs split because of the issue of slavery that was becoming a very prominent issue. The whigs split into the Democratic and Republican parties. The Republicans were so much stronger so they had more sway and influence on the presidency.

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The American Presidential Election of 1856

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The Republican Party chose John C. Fremont as there candidate while the Democratic Party chose James Buchanan.

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Lincoln’s position was on the topic of slavery was that slavery was immoral and should not be practiced. On the opposing side Douglas believed that people should be able to make there own choices on wether slavery was good or bad. By the end of the debates people viewed Lincoln as a potential presidential candidate for the republicans party.

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6th November 1860: Abraham Lincoln elected 16th President of the USA

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In may 1860 the presidential convention thought that there republican Candidate would be William H. Seward but it was not . Lincoln was the candidate of choice and was later elected into presidency.

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6th November 1860: Abraham Lincoln elected 16th President of the USA

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The south left the union because they did not want to follow the laws and wanted complete independence from the federal government. Theses southern states joined together to form the Confederacy. The nation awaited Lincoln’s inauguration in a confused state. They had no idea what was going to happen about the split of the north and south.

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The first battle was at fort Sumter. The union was blockaded in with only enough sun lies to last them six days. Lincoln executed a political maneuver that would help the people in fort Sumter. He sent in food ships top help them be able to stay longer. After all of that fort Sumter was blown to pieces and Anderson surrendered.

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Bull run was one of the first battles of the civil war and this battle took many lives on both sides

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The capital was the confederate capital for most of the war. The union tried to take it over by launching many attacks and lots of fighting. After the union burned down the capital the confederacy moved to Danville Virginia.

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Lincoln’s Memorandum regarding the Trend Affair

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In fall of 1861, the neutrality of Britain was tested when James Mason and John Slidell boarded the merchant ship, The Trent, were arrested by Charles Wilkes, an American. The British threatened to go to war against the Union and dispatched troops to Canada. Lincoln ended up freeing both men, restoring the peace.

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Lincoln and his Emancipation Proclamation

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January 1st, 1863, President Lincoln declared all slaves living in confederate areas were free. The Proclamation did not immediately free any slaves, and it only applied to non union areas behind confederate lines. The proclamation was considered military action, so the southern states union troops and slaves remained. The proclamation did immediately have a social affect though, giving the current war a moral purpose, but on the other hand it continued to antagonize the confederacy.

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Northern resentment of the drafts elicited riots, the worst one being held in New York, dominantly by Irish immigrants opposing republican war policies. Because of the draft and these riots, disease and poverty dominated the city. Mobs ran through New York for 4 days straight. By the end of these riots, more than 100 were dead.

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Gettysburg, considered the turning point of the war, crippled the south and made sure of the north’s definite win. In Chancellorsville, the south actually won against the north, but, they quickly rose up again because of general Jackson’s demise. Confederate soldiers, who had since been fighting barefoot, had received news that Gettysburg would provide them shoes. John Buford, directing Union Calvary, crossed their path and took a defensive position. Ultimately, the confederate took control of the town, but the north quickly devised an accidental plan. The Union and many Yankees outweighed the confederate. The second day of the battle was Union won. On the third day, the confederates were knocked back by the Yankees, who now held the Gettysburg high ground. The casualties of this battle were more than 30%, with 23,000 union men killed and 28,000 confederates killed.

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Grant won at Vicksburg which resulted in the ending of the civil war.

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The confederacy was losing hope and there want to fight. This lead to troops giving up and dissenting the fight.

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General lee realized he and his troops were surrounded and had no chance of escape so he choose to surrender.

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During the war there was a boom in African Americans that wanted to serve in the army. Also because England was a key component to the cotton market they stayed neutral on the civil war as to not upset one party or another.

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On both the confederacy and the union soldiers suffered from lack of food, illness, and harsh conditions. The harsh conditions that they had to fight in did not help the condition of the soldiers ether.

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After the war there still was conflicts between the two groups and tensions stayed for a while after. Slavery was abolished and all slaves were able to go free and have a life of there own.

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Slavery as bad as it is helped to shape who we are as a country.

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Netzley, Patricia D. "Richmond, Virginia." The Greenhaven Encyclopedia of The Civil War, edited by Kenneth W. Osborne, Greenhaven Press, 2004, p. 244. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX2277700336/UHIC?u=james_bchs&sid=bookmark-UHIC&xid=8e9c5e59. Accessed 18 Dec. 2022.

Hillstrom, Kevin, and Laurie Collier Hillstrom. "Ulysses S. Grant." American Civil War Reference Library, edited by Lawrence W. Baker, vol. 1: Biographies, UXL, 2000, pp. 159-170. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3410500029/UHIC?u=james_bchs&sid=bookmark-UHIC&xid=e5900ac6. Accessed 18 Dec. 2022.

Hillstrom, Kevin, and Laurie Collier Hillstrom. "General Horace Porter." American Civil War Reference Library, edited by Lawrence W. Baker, vol. 4: Primary Sources, UXL, 2000, pp. 135-148. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3410500123/UHIC?u=james_bchs&sid=bookmark-UHIC&xid=8b212ed3. Accessed 18 Dec. 2022.