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Gustave Courbet, 'The Stone Breakers', Oil on canvas, 1849

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- approx. 1840-late 19th century
- Gustave Courbet, 'The Stone Breakers', Oil on canvas, 1849
- paint what we see and only what we see

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While Realism paints real-life scenarios, Impressionism and Post-impressionism question if these things are really what we see.

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Vincent Van Gogh, 'The Starry Night', Oil on canvas, 1889

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- approx. 1886-1905
- subjective vision of artist
- rejection of observation of real world
- look to memories and emotion for inspiration
- Vincent Van Gogh, 'The Starry Night', Oil on canvas, 1889
- luminescent
- short, painterly brushstrokes
- focus on artificial colors

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Claude Monet, 'Rouen Cathedral Series', 1892-1894

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- approx. 1886-1905
- subjective vision of artist
- rejection of observation of real world
- look to memories and emotion for inspiration
- Claude Monet, 'Rouen Cathedral Series', 1892-1894
- short, painterly brushstrokes
- artificial color palette
- dream-like, blurred

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While Post-impressionism mainly focuses on the expression of the internal feelings, thoughts, and experiences of the artist, Dadaism contrasts this, poking fun at the seriousness of art and questioning artists.

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Hans Arp, Untitled (Squares Arranged according to the Laws of Chance), Cut-and-pasted colored paper, 1917

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- approx. early 20th century to mid-1920s
- mocked materialism and nationalistic attitudes
- challenge artistic norms and question the role of the artist
- questioned artistic creativity, the definition of art, and purpose in society
- absurd, irrational, humorous
- Hans Arp, Untitled (Squares Arranged according to the Laws of Chance), Cut-and-pasted colored paper, 1917
- almost making fun of serious art
- leaving the artistic elements, such as pattern, up to chance

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While Dadaism played around with the humor of art, almost poking fun at it, Ab-Ex adopted the characteristic of automatism (painting/drawing without conscious thought), while also focusing on the process of the artist, as well as new techniques and subject matter.

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- approx. 1943 - mid-1950's
- break away from conventions in technique and subject matter
- spontaneous, improvised
- emphasis on the process of the artist
- AUTOMATISM: painting/drawing without conscious thought
Jackson Pollock, Autumn Rhythm: Number 30, Oil on canvas, 1950
- improvisation
- throwing paint
- allowing canvas to have a life of its own, not controlling or resenting the results