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Participatory methods are designed to build self-esteem and a sense of responsibility for one’s decisions. They are designed for planning at community level and can be useful for identifying positive and negative behaviors related to hygiene. Participants learn from each other and develop respect for each other’s knowledge and skills.

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A participatory approach brings together representatives of all the local stakeholders. This is often a diverse group of users, health workers, NGO's, etc, who might not usually work together, might come from different backgrounds, and have different values and interests.
A constructive and democratic group learning and action planning process is initiated, often using visual methods of communication.

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Community mapping, transect walks, focus group discussions, gender role analysis, use of drawings, posters, role-play, theatre, and songs are examples of participatory methods.

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There are lots of participatory tools/techniques available to help guide the process. Three of the most popular approaches (overlapping rather than competing) are:

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There are lots of participatory tools/techniques available to help guide the process. Three of the most popular approaches (overlapping rather than competing) are:

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1. PHAST (Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation)

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1. PHAST (Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation)

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Developed in Eastern and Southern Africa in the mid-late 1990s, it consists of a participatory approach in which people learn about their situation, make plans to improve this and then change their behaviour. Special techniques, such as mapping and ranking, are used for this process of self-discovery and analysis. The approach can be used where initial latrine coverage is low.

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2. SARAR (Self-esteem, Associative strength, Resourcefulness, Action planning, Responsibility)

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2. SARAR (Self-esteem, Associative strength, Resourcefulness, Action planning, Responsibility)

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stimulates involvement in community-based activities of all kinds, not only by the more prestigious and articulate participants (such as community leaders or senior staff), but also by the less powerful, including non-literate community members.

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A generalized description which covers a wide range of techniques especially aimed at involving communities in decision-making and self-assessment and in the development of stakeholder partnerships.

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A skilled facilitator assembles representative groups from the community and creates an atmosphere where individuals feel free to express opinions openly on topics such as the environmental problems caused by excreta and how they can be mitigated. The facilitator is armed with key questions, but the conclusions emerge from the groups' open discussions and lead to ideas for action. Focus groups are helpful in the formative research phase, identifying the target practices and key messages for the different groups.

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In open meetings, local women and men have made a social map of their whole settlement (in small communities) or neighbourhood (in large communities). The techniques used depend on the levels of development. People draw in the soil, they fingerpaint or draw on paper, or use cut-and paste techniques. Techniques that require implements such as pens and scissors are less suitable for people without or with low literacy, often the women and the poor. Mapping can be used for many things, from what kind of families have and use what types of latrines, water sources or hygiene related skills to whether women and men from different classes and sections have equal access to education and training.

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A local team of women and men systematically walks through a cross-section of their settlement, reviews good and bad situations and notes these in their cross-section diagram.

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A household and/or school hygiene self-survey

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A household and/or school hygiene self-survey

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A survey is planned and implemented by a team of local women and men inhabitants or parents, teachers and students helped by a local health or NGO worker.

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When preparing a proposal, maybe you have heard the term participatory methods. Maybe your donor even requires you to show that you use participatory methods in your project planning. But what does this term actually mean, and why would a donor want you to use them? In this article we will give you an introduction to the concept.

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In the development field are approaches that include more voices into planning, implementation, and evaluation of development work. With enhanced participation from project partners, the hope is that projects become more widely accepted by the communities they operate in. This increases the likelihood of successful projects. Participatory methods were developed as tools to make it easier to include the voices of all concerned groups -including marginalized groups- into planning, implementation, and evaluation.

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Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA)

Participatory Learning and Action (PLA)

Community Mapping

Focus Group Discussions

Gender Role Analysis

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The Participatory Approach - AMT PBI_USD 2016

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Participatory approach| Different approaches to Curriculum theory| Knowledge and Curriculum | B.ed