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The bacterium that causes syphilis is the spiral shaped Treponema pallidum.

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The first stage of syphilis is when the bacterium has been in the body for up to 6 weeks and then produces a small painless lesion on the skin called a chancre. The disease is then transmitted via contact with the chancre. In females, the chancre usually forms inside the vagina, however, for males, the chancre is usually on the penis. The chancre will usually heal within 6 weeks, and makes it seem that the disease has run its course.

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The second stage of syphilis appears a few weeks after the first stage and usually is a pink rash that covers the whole body, and it can also come with joint pain, fever, or hair loss.

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The symptoms of the second stage of syphilis subside in about 3 months and if the disease is not cured, the disease progresses to the latent stage. Although the immune system may kill the bacterium on it's own, the symptoms of syphilis can come and go for years. The disease can progress to tertiary syphilis which can produce destructive lesions in the brain. It can also cause damages to bones, joints, and the cardiovascular organs. Tertiary syphilis can also lead to death.

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The treatment for syphilis is antibiotics but any damage that has already been done from the disease can not be reversed with antibiotics.

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Another way to prevent the spread of syphilis is to limit the number of partners you have.

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Newborns infected with syphilis can present with many health problems including deformed bones, skin rashes, jaundice, enlarged liver, etc. and if not treated with antibiotics, it can lead to hearing and vision loss.

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There are ways to prevent the spread of syphilis. One way is to use latex condoms and make sure that the condom covers any syphilis sores.