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Molds:

What are they?

Molds are a type of fungus that includes various species. They are multicellular organisms that grow in the form of multicellular filaments called hyphae. When many hyphae come together, they form a visible mass known as a mycelium. Molds can be found in various environments and play essential roles in decomposition, nutrient cycling, and the production of certain foods (such as cheese and certain fermented products).

What different types would be found?

Aspergillus: Commonly found in soil and decaying vegetation. Some species are used in the production of food and beverages.

Penicillium: Known for producing the antibiotic penicillin. Also used in the production of certain cheeses.

Cladosporium: Found in soil, plant material, and indoor environments. It can trigger allergies in some individuals.

Stachybotrys: Often referred to as "black mold," it can grow on materials with high cellulose content when they are wet. It is associated with indoor air quality issues.

Where are they found?

Indoor Environments: Molds can grow indoors on various surfaces where there is moisture, such as walls, ceilings, carpets, and damp areas like basements and bathrooms.

Outdoor Environments: Molds are widespread and can be found in soil, decaying vegetation, and on plant surfaces.

How are they prevented?

Control Moisture:

Keep indoor humidity levels below 60%. Use dehumidifiers if necessary.

Fix leaks promptly, including plumbing leaks and roof leaks.

Ensure proper ventilation in bathrooms, kitchens, and other areas prone to moisture.

Regular Cleaning:

Clean and dust regularly to prevent the accumulation of organic material where molds can grow.

Pay attention to areas prone to dampness, such as basements and crawl spaces.

Proper Ventilation:

Ensure good air circulation by using exhaust fans and opening windows when possible.

Use air purifiers with HEPA filters to help remove airborne mold spores.

Limit Indoor Plants:

Reduce the number of indoor plants, as soil can be a source of mold.

Yeasts

Single-cell organisms

There are four different types of yeast

Can cause yeast infection, too much yeast in the reproductive area, Candidiasis

Used in baking and yogurt

Found in vegetables and followers, plants etc

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What are they?

They are small germs/pathogens that infect and make people sick. They may infect animals bacteria and fungi.

Some of the diseases transmitted by viruses include but are not limited to

Respiratory illnesses.

Diarrhea and vomiting.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Skin conditions.

What different types would be found?

There are millions of viruses however the most common include:

Influenza viruses.

Human herpesviruses.

Coronavirus.

Human papillomaviruses.

Enteroviruses.

Flaviviruses.

Orthopoxviruses.

Hepatitis viruses.

Where are they found?

Viruses hide in the immune system and around the human body, so they are transmitted physically through one's touch cough etc.

How are they prevented?

The main method of prevention is practicing proper hand hygiene and wearing masks to avoid oral transmission.

They are small germs/pathogens that infect and make people sick. They may infect animals bacteria and fungi.

Some of the diseases transmitted by viruses include but are not limited to

Respiratory illnesses.

Diarrhea and vomiting.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Skin conditions.

What different types would be found?

There are millions of viruses however the most common include:

Influenza viruses.

Human herpesviruses.

Coronavirus.

Human papillomaviruses.

Enteroviruses.

Flaviviruses.

Orthopoxviruses.

Hepatitis viruses.

Where are they found?

Viruses hide in the immune system and around the human body, so they are transmitted physically through one's touch cough etc.

How are they prevented?

The main method of prevention is practicing proper hand hygiene and wearing masks to avoid oral transmission.

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Yeast

Yeast are single-celled fungi. It is found worldwide in soils and on plant surfaces. Are abundant in sugary mediums such as flower nectar and fruits.

They digest food and this allows them to obtain energy.

Yeast is used in baking bread and sugary foods.

To prevent yeast growth, have good hygienic steps and sanitation practices in the kitchen.

In food manufacture, yeast is used to cause fermentation and leavening.

There are different types of yeast that can be found, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is commonly used in baking, and Saccharomyces pastorianus, which is used in brewing lagers.

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yeast, any of about 1,500 species of single-celled fungi, most of which are in the phylum Ascomycota, only a few being Basidiomycota. Yeasts are found worldwide in soils and on plant surfaces and are especially abundant in sugary mediums such as flower nectar and fruits. There are hundreds of econo…

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What is bacteria:

Bacteria are microscopic living organisms that have only one cell there are millions of types of bacteria and some can be beneficial for your body while others may make you sick

What types of bacteria would be found:

The certain types of bacteria that can make you sick are called pathogens, they can cause diseases and/or infections

The different types of bacterias are:

Spheres or ball-shaped (cocci bacteria).

Rod-shaped bacteria (bacilli).

Spirals or helixes (spirochetes).

Where are they found:

They can be found all around the world, are vital to the ecosystem, and are even found in your body, like your skin, airways, mouth, digestive system, reproductive system, and urinary tract.

How can they be prevented?

Ways to prevent harmful bacteria from spreading into diseases or infections is to wash hands before eating, touching eyes, nose or mouth, avoid close contact with those who are sick, wear masks if sick or have coughs, and disinfect surfaces that are touched often

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1. Some of my eating habits is to mindfully pay attention to the taste of the food so i can enjoy it wholeheartedly. I always incorporate a variety of fruits ad vegetables but lack whole grains into my meals.

2. You have more ingredient choice in homecooked food than the shop-bought ones. This can help you to be able to look over allergies or any dietitian changes you prefer. While, homecooked food are healthier it is time consuming which shop-bought food lessens the amount of time consumed.

3. The biggest takeaways from learning about nutrition is about the benefits of each food group. This unit has impacted the way I view health and my overral health by seeing it in a brighter image than I used to as I used to suffer from eating disorder.

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How can understanding cultural food models promote tolerance and appreciation?

Understanding cultural food models promotes tolerance and appreciation because we get to learn the leading food groups are in each country, giving us a variety of new knowledge about how different people eat in other parts of the world.

Discuss how your cultural background influences your food choices and how you might incorporate elements from other cultures into your diet.

My cultural background influences me to eat dal bhat at least once daily. The Western world also influences me to incorporate their good group into my diet.

Are there any other factors that influence your own food choices? Are these influences positive?

Other factors influencing my food choices are my likes and dislikes of certain foods. Along with this, I believe that many times, the diet, culture and body image issues and past eating disorder habits have caused me to eat a lot of stuff that i think is "bad".

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1. How could you modify a typical American cheeseburger to be more nutritious?

rather than using fried chicken in between the bun, I would modify it to be not fried.

2. Using your country of choice, how could you modify this recipe to include foods/ingredients from your country of choice?

As I chose the Netherlands, I would exchange the cheese for greens such as lettuce for the burger.

3. How are the changes you made more nutritious?

I think changing the meet to be not fried benefits your body as it is not as oily then before

Along with this leaving cheese for some greens benefits the nutritional level ur getting from the vegetables.

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1. Individually research a country of choice and look at its guidelines for healthy eating.

1. What are the critical components of this 'healthy eating model'?

The critical components in the healthy eating model consist of a large portion of greens and fruit, while the second largest portion is grains, with protein not so crucial in the whole model.

2. How might this differ from the 'my plate' US guidelines?

This differs from the "my plate" US guidelines as protein and greens are the most important in the model, while in the Netherlands, it is grains and vegetables while proteins are recommended to be consumed less.

2. Discuss specific cultural factors that shape food choices, such as historical events, religious practices, economic conditions, and environmental resources. How is this relevant to your country of choice?

Many cultural foods in the Netherlands are mainly made out of grains, which could impact the portion size in the model. Also, people in the past would celebrate with bread with some sort of protein on the side with a lot of greens. This could affect the food model and the portions of the food group to be different than the food model from the US.

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What are the key points?

The early guide did not have any proportion and the importance between whole grain and refined.

The US did not use proper sources for their proportion ratio.

The fats were demonized because of their concept of being bad for health.

wrong information from my plate

Most food or drinks that seem healthy ( Ex: fruit juice) but quite not in some factors.

FATS

Creates hormones

Protects organs

Provides energy

Produces pHL

Do you agree with what he has to say? Why/why or not?

Yes, I agree with him as many "healthy" foods in the supermarket are made with a lot of sugar to fill in the removed macronutrients. Along with this, he mentions how water and fats are also important for out body and health.

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Here's Why Our Nutrition Guidelines Are Trash

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Do you think it's a good resource? Why/Why not?

I think it is a good resource as it mentions what foods are included in the food group and the benefits of each food group. For example, If you press one of the food groups on the plate, you will go into a site that mentions what kind of foods are included, why this food group should be in the daily meals, and why it's important. Along with this, it gives tips on diet and eating healthily.

It also considers other factors such as weight, height, and age to provide the portion benefited for the individual.

Are there any limitations of this model?

I believe there is one limitation of this model is that it does not get an indication about how exactly a portion should be. Along with this, it does mention allergies or cultural background which could hinder you from following this website.

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Find easy, low-cost recipes

View delicious recipes in our very own MyPlate Kitchen! Search by ingredient to use what you already have or browse by category to find something new. Save your favorites, make personalized cookbooks, and more!
Go to MyPlate Kitchen

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MyPlate | U.S. Department of Agriculture

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View delicious recipes in our very own MyPlate Kitchen! Search by ingredient to use what you already have or browse by category to find something new. Save your favorites, make personalized cookbooks, and more! Go to MyPlate Kitchen

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The six essentials nutrients- Minerals  (Jan 11) 

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The six essentials nutrients- Minerals  (Jan 11) 

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Function that minerals fulfill

building materials for our bones

influencing muscle and nerve function

regulating the body's water balance

components of hormones and enzymes and other

biologically active compounts

help maintain acid-base balance

keep the body pH natural

Where it can be sourced from

cereals

bread

meat

fish

milk

dairy

nuts

fruits (specially dried food)

Potential health implications of deficiency or excess

Deficiency

weak bones

fatigue

decreased immune system

Excess

nausea

vomiting

diarrhea

constipation

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WATER

keeps a normal temperature

gets the bowl movement moving

overhydration can cause water toxicity

cause an electrode imbalance if taken too much.

VITAMINS

vitamin helps to fight infection, makes your bones stronger

vitamin deficiency can cause weight loss, weakness

FATS

vital for cell function and energy

body warmth

eating healthy fats is the best as eating unhealthy fats causes medical challenges in the future.

Proteins

helps repair body tissues

balances fluids

can be found in eggs

if ate too little you can face fatty liver

if ate too much you can face constipation, bad breath

CARBOHYDRATES

used as an energy source for your body

to litter or too much can cause headaches or migraines

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“Mineral Deficiency | Definition and Patient Education.” Healthline, 28 Feb. 2014, www.healthline.com/health/mineral-deficiency#:~:text=An%20increased%20need%20for%20the.

Weyh, Christopher, et al. “The Role of Minerals in the Optimal Functioning of the Immune System.” Nutrients, vol. 14, no. 3, 2 Feb. 2022, p. 644, https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14030644.

Wooltorton, Eric. “Too Much of a Good Thing? Toxic Effects of Vitamin and Mineral Supplements.” CMAJ: Canadian Medical

Association Journal, vol. 169, no. 1, 8 July 2003, pp. 47–48, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC164945/#:~:text=For%20example%2C%20magnesium%20can%20cause.

“Нидерланды.” Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, www.fao.org/nutrition/education/food-based-dietary-guidelines/regions/countries/netherlands/ru/.