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"The Veil" focuses on the imposition of the veil (hijab) in Iran after the Islamic Revolution of 1979. During this period, people were supportive of the revolution until 1980 when bilingual schools shut down, and women were forced to wear the veil. People took to the streets, including Marjane's mom, whose photo was published in a magazine, revealing her face. Marjane's parents became extremely paranoid and were scared of persecution.

In this chapter, we learn about Marjane's religious beliefs and her desire to become a prophet. The one person she associates with her religion is her grandma. The three rules of her religion are to behave, speak, and act well. She forces her family to celebrate the traditions of her religion. Every night she spoke to God.

Some symbolisms and figurative language:

1. The Veil (Hijab): The veil serves as a powerful symbol in this chapter. It represents the imposition of the Islamic dress code by the Iranian government after the Islamic Revolution. Beyond its literal meaning, the veil symbolizes the loss of personal freedom and individuality. For Marjane, it becomes a tool through which she expresses resistance and challenges the authority that dictates her choices.

2. Individual vs. Society: The chapter explores the tension between the individual's desire for personal freedom and expression and the societal expectations imposed by the government. Marjane's reluctance to conform to the dress code represents her struggle against the conformity demanded by the state.

3. Rebellion and Defiance: Marjane's refusal to fully adhere to the dress code becomes an act of rebellion. Through her actions, she communicates her defiance against the government's attempts to control her body and identity. This rebellion becomes a recurring theme throughout the graphic novel as Marjane navigates the challenges of living in a restrictive society.

4. Loss of Innocence: The chapter also reflects the loss of innocence as Marjane, at a young age, is forced to confront the political and social changes happening in her country. The imposition of the veil marks a turning point in her childhood, and she begins to grapple with the complexities of identity and resistance.

5. Visual Elements: As a graphic novel, "Persepolis" uses visual elements to enhance its storytelling. The imagery of Marjane wearing the veil or resisting its full coverage is a powerful visual metaphor for her internal and external struggles. The stark contrast between the scenes with and without the veil emphasizes the impact of political ideologies on individual lives.

6. Metaphorical Language: Satrapi employs metaphors and symbolic language to convey the emotional and psychological impact of the veil. For instance, the veil becomes a metaphorical barrier between Marjane and her true self, reflecting the broader societal barriers created by the government.

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In "The Bicycle," Marjane Satrapi recounts her childhood experience with acquiring a bicycle during the Iran-Iraq war. The bicycle becomes a symbol of societal stagnation, reflecting how the community is stuck in the same place with no progress amidst the ongoing conflict. People are blinded by anger, hindering any collective forward movement.

Marjane idolizes Fidel Castro and aspires to be a revolutionary like him. She undergoes a shift in her beliefs, turning away from her desire to be a prophet, causing a rupture in her relationship with God. They stop communicating, and God leaves. Marjane attempts to distance herself from God.

During this time, Marjane overhears her parents discussing the Rex cinema fire, an event orchestrated by the government. The cinema is set ablaze, and the doors are closed to prevent civilians from helping. The police surround the cinema, creating a tragic and helpless situation.

Expressing her desire to participate in protests, Marjane is denied the opportunity by her parents. This leads to her emotional distress, and she finds solace in her connection with God, seeking help during this challenging period of her life.

Some symbolism and figurative language:

War as a Disruptive Force: The war becomes a pervasive backdrop, influencing every aspect of life. The scarcity of resources, including the difficulty in obtaining a simple item like a bicycle, reflects the disruptive impact of war on daily existence. The bicycle symbolizes normalcy that is elusive during times of conflict.

Resourcefulness and Determination: Marjane's determination to acquire a bicycle reflects the resilience of the human spirit. Despite the challenges, she persists in pursuing her goal. This determination becomes a broader metaphor for the Iranian people's resilience in the face of the hardships brought about by war and political turmoil.

Loss of Innocence: The war, and Marjane's experiences related to it, contribute to a loss of innocence. The bicycle, while representing childhood joy, also carries the weight of the harsh realities of the world around her. This loss of innocence is a recurring theme throughout "Persepolis" as Marjane navigates the complexities of growing up in a turbulent political environment.

Metaphorical Language: Satrapi employs metaphors to convey the emotional impact of the bicycle on Marjane's life. The bicycle becomes a vessel for her dreams and a means to transcend the limitations imposed by the war. The challenges she faces in obtaining it mirror the broader challenges faced by individuals in a society undergoing radical transformations.

Irony and Humor: Satrapi uses humor as a coping mechanism and a narrative tool. The absurdity of a child's quest for a bicycle in the midst of war adds an ironic layer to the story. The juxtaposition of a seemingly trivial desire with the larger context of war highlights the surreal nature of life during turbulent times.

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The Water Cell" delves into Marjane's family history, revealing that her grandfather was once the prime minister but was taken advantage of and eventually subjected to the brutal torture device known as the water cell. Intrigued by this dark part of her family's past, Marjane attempts to replicate a water cell in her bathtub out of curiosity.

Despite the sensitive nature of the family history, Marjane's parents choose to be open with her, believing she has the capacity and maturity to comprehend and understand the complexities of their shared history. This chapter highlights Marjane's inquisitive nature and the trust her parents place in her to grapple with the challenging aspects of their family's past.

some symbolisms and figurative language:

1. The Water Cell: The confined space becomes a metaphor for the restrictions imposed by war on individual freedom and safety.

2. Contrast of Childhood Activities: Satrapi contrasts the normal activities of childhood, such as playing with friends and going to school, with the stark reality of seeking refuge in the water cell during air raids. This stark contrast serves as a figurative device to emphasize the disruption and trauma inflicted upon the innocence of childhood by the harsh circumstances of war.

3. Visual Imagery: As a graphic novel, "Persepolis" relies heavily on visual imagery to convey emotions and experiences. The depictions of the water cell, the air raid sirens, and the expressions on the characters' faces serve as visual metaphors, allowing readers to viscerally feel the impact of the war on the characters.

4. Loss and Displacement: The water cell becomes a metaphor for the displacement and loss experienced by Marjane and her family. The need to abandon their home and seek shelter underground represents a broader theme of displacement and the disruption of a stable and secure existence.

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In "Persepolis" Marjanes father, went to a protest in which he took fotos which was illegal. When marjanes father was coming home he saw alot of people outside of the hospital. He saw a dead body, the wife of the deseased told marjanes father that her husband died of cancer. Later on he was used as a martyr in the protests against the king, without any reason because the king didnt kill him. After the woman started to use him as a martyr too, marjanes family started to laugh and marjane started laughing too, without reason because she didnt know what was happening. She was blindly following her families belives.

some symbolisms and figurative language:

1. Growing Up and Rebellion: Marjane's rebellious nature and experimentation with Western culture serve as a metaphor for the universal themes of adolescence and the search for identity. Her choices and actions reflect the struggles many teenagers face as they navigate the complexities of societal expectations and personal autonomy.

2. Visual Imagery: As with previous chapters, the visual imagery in the graphic novel contributes to the symbolic language. The depiction of Marjane in various settings, her changing appearance, and the contrasting visual elements between Iran and Austria add layers of meaning to the narrative.

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"The Letter" depicts Marjane's sense of shame regarding her family's privilege amidst the backdrop of social class differences that fueled the revolution. One powerful example is Marjane's relationship with Mary, who served as her caregiver. Mary, in love with her neighbor, engaged in a forbidden relationship that Marjane secretly facilitated by reading and writing love letters for them.

This narrative serves as a poignant symbol of the class divisions within society, with Marjane grappling with the realization of her family's position of privilege. The love between Mary and her neighbor becomes a metaphor for the genuine connections that are hindered by societal constraints.

The term "black Friday" used to describe the day of protest serves as a figurative expression, drawing parallels to the chaos and intensity of the infamous shopping day, suggesting a heightened state of unrest and upheaval.

The act of Marjane and Mary attending the protest becomes a symbolic gesture of defiance against the oppressive social structure. However, the consequences are severe, as Marjane's mother's subsequent slap serves as a harsh reminder of the limitations and repercussions of challenging societal norms.

Some symbolism and figurative language:

1. Power of Words: The use of words, both spoken and written, is a recurring theme in the graphic novel. In this chapter, the letter becomes a vessel for the expression of deep emotions. The power of words to convey complex feelings, provide comfort, or deliver distressing news is evident in the impact the letter has on Marjane.

emotional toll of being far away from one's family.

2. Visual Imagery: As a graphic novel, "Persepolis" relies on visual imagery to enhance its storytelling. The visual representation of Marjane's reaction to the letter, her emotional state, and the portrayal of the written words contribute to the figurative language. The illustrations amplify the impact of the narrative, providing a visual language that complements the written text.

3. Universal Themes: The chapter's exploration of family, love, and the challenges of separation touches on universal themes. The emotions Marjane experiences resonate with readers who may have faced similar situations, emphasizing the shared human experiences that transcend cultural and geographical boundaries.

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In "The Party," the political situation in Iran sees some improvement after a significant number of casualties. People begin to celebrate and engage in festivities. Marjane's father reassures her that things will get better now that the oppressive regime has been removed. However, underlying problems persist, and the situation is more complex than it appears.

In school, Marjane expresses her opinion that the king was chosen by God. Another student reports her, leading to her punishment. Meanwhile, there is a boy in her class who is the son of a well-known killer. Marjane takes it upon herself to torment this boy, driven by a desire for revenge. However, her mother discovers her actions and expresses outrage. She emphasizes that the child is not responsible for his father's deeds, and the boy himself is unashamed of his father's actions.

This experience prompts Marjane to reflect on her behavior and question whether she is turning into a bad person. The chapter explores the complexities of morality, revenge, and the impact of political turmoil on individuals and their relationships.

some symbolisms and figurative language:

1. The Party Atmosphere: The extravagant and decadent atmosphere of the party serves as a symbol of the excesses and superficiality of Western culture as perceived by Marjane. The party becomes a metaphor for the disconnection and disillusionment she feels in this new cultural environment.

2. Marjane's Reflection: Marjane's internal thoughts and reflections throughout the chapter serve as a form of figurative language. Her observations and reactions provide insight into her inner turmoil, cultural dissonance, and the clash between her Iranian identity and the Western culture surrounding her.

3. The Quest for Genuine Connections: The underlying theme of the chapter involves Marjane's search for genuine human connections. The superficiality and excesses of the party highlight the challenges she faces in finding meaningful relationships in this new cultural context. This theme adds depth to the narrative, emphasizing the importance of authentic connections in a world filled with contradictions.

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"The Heroes" unfolds with the escape of 3,000 prisoners, including Simac, a man with a wife and daughter. Simac's wife is the best friend of Marjane's mom. When Simac's daughter reveals that her father is dead, Marjane becomes worried and confides in her mother, inadvertently tattling on the truth. Simac's daughter, later on, becomes upset with Marjane for revealing the painful reality.

A friend of Simac, referred to as the "cat with nine lives" due to surviving constant torture, visits Marjane's house. This chapter vividly portrays the dehumanization caused by war, with characters enduring unimaginable suffering.

Marjane experiences a conflict of emotions as she grapples with the realization that her father is not a hero, while Simac, who has faced extreme adversity, is seen as one. In a moment of moral uncertainty, Marjane contemplates the idea of torturing people as a game but ultimately refrains from doing so. Later, she reflects on these dark thoughts and seeks solace in goodness, highlighting her internal struggle to maintain a sense of morality in the midst of war's dehumanizing effects. This chapter serves as a poignant exploration of the complexities and moral dilemmas that individuals face in times of conflict.

some symbolisms and figurative literature:

1. Marjane's Emotional Landscape: Throughout the chapter, Satrapi uses Marjane's emotional responses as a form of figurative language. Her grief, anger, and sense of loss serve as a lens through which readers can understand the broader implications of political oppression. Marjane's emotional journey becomes a way to explore the impact of such events on an individual's psyche.

2. Visual Imagery: As with the rest of the graphic novel, visual imagery is crucial. The illustrations depicting the friends story, Marjane's emotions, and the key itself contribute to the figurative language. The visual elements enhance the emotional impact of the narrative.

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In the chapter "Moscow," Marjane connects with her uncle Anoosh, who shares stories of war with her. This connection with Anoosh brings Marjane a sense of pride, as she sees him as a hero in her family. As Anoosh recounts his experiences and stories of wartime, Marjane finds herself reflected in him.

This chapter underscores the importance of familial connections and shared narratives in shaping one's identity, especially during times of conflict. Anoosh becomes a source of inspiration for Marjane, providing her with a connection to her family's history and a sense of pride in having a hero among her relatives. This emotional bond helps Marjane navigate the challenges and complexities of the turbulent environment around her.

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"The sheep" During this period, Uncle Anoosh stayed with Marjane's family, engaging in numerous political discussions. On one occasion, Marjane interjected with information she gleaned from the TV, only to be rebuked by her father for spreading what he believed to be false information. This incident underscored how both Marjane and society at large sometimes unquestioningly adhere to prevailing narratives, reflecting a tendency to follow rather than critically analyze.

As conditions deteriorated, many people, including Marjane's crush Bruce Lee, sought refuge in the USA due to the increasingly perilous and untenable circumstances. Despite being aware of the dangers, Marjanes family hesitated to leave due to concerns about preserving their social status. They feared losing their established community, lifestyle, and steady employment prospects. This reluctance highlights the significance that social class can sometimes hold over considerations of safety and prudence.

The family received distressing news of Mohsen Shakiba's death, a friend of Marjanes father who had been imprisoned. His demise signaled heightened government scrutiny, prompting another friend, Saimak Jari, and his family to flee, leaving behind only sheep.

Uncle Anoosh, still incarcerated, granted Marjane his sole visitor privilege, a gesture that she regarded with deep admiration and a desire to make him proud. Their meeting was poignant, marked by expressions of love, admiration, and mutual appreciation.

The escalating conflict forced Marjane and her family to seek shelter from bombings, signaling the onset of war and further intensifying the precariousness of their situation.

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Fundamentalist students seize the American embassy, taking hostages, including the closure of universities to enforce Islamic principles, denying Marjane her dream of visiting her friend Kaveh in the US. Marjane aspires to emulate Marie Curie's scientific pursuits but faces the imposition of veiling and must feign religious observance for her safety. Marjanes mother's assault for not wearing a veil underscores the family's struggles, with the veil becoming mandatory again due to claims about women's hair inciting men. Marjane participates in protests with her parents, witnessing violence for the first time, prompting their retreat. They briefly escape to Italy and Spain, but returning home reveals Iran's descent into war. Marjane's readiness to defend her country reflects her patriotism amidst the escalating crisis.

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At Ebi's office, Marjane and he heard a bombing and hurried home, where Marjane realized her father's love for the country equaled hers. The government ordered the release of jailed pilots. At school, they were tasked with writing a report about the war. Marjane delved into the historical context, drawing parallels to events 1400 years ago. Pardis's report stood out as the best in class.

She penned a letter to her father, promising to care for her mother and brother if anything happened to him. Tragically, her father passed away. As Marjane tried to comfort her mother by extolling her father's heroism, her mother responded, "I would rather my father be in jail than dead and a hero."

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Supermarkets lay barren, sparking conflicts among desperate shoppers. At the gas station, Marjane's father erupted in anger at her mother, prompting Marjane to defend her. In the midst of the chaos, her father's frustration turned towards Marjane, leaving her in tears. Regretful, he later apologized for his outburst. The scarcity was exacerbated by blockades on all routes out of town, trapping its inhabitants.

In the dead of night, Mali, her husband, and their two boys sought refuge in Marjane's home. Their materialistic focus clashed with the family's values. Marjane took on the responsibility of comforting and caring for the boys, striving to create a sense of calm amidst the turmoil. After a week, Mali gathered the courage to sell their jewelry to secure funds for a fresh start.

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In the newspapers, the staggering death toll was prominently displayed, prompting Marjane's mom to advise her to forget, yet the weight of the tragedy lingered, especially during school moments of mourning where self-flagellation rituals took place.

As her peers solemnly engaged in these rituals, Marjane began to adopt a more irreverent attitude, poking fun at the ceremonies and pranking teachers. Despite discussions between teachers and parents to address her behavior, little changed.

While girls diligently crafted winter hoods for soldiers, boys prepared for a future in the military. Mrs. Nasrine, the maid, handed a key to her eldest son, claiming it was a pass to heaven if he died in battle, leaving Marjane deeply disturbed.

Shahab, an older cousin who had recently joined the military just before the war, returned with a shocking revelation. He exposed the manipulative tactics used to coerce people into joining, revealing that "the key" was a deceptive promise of a better life in paradise, exploiting the aspirations of the poor.

As others explored fields with keys around their necks, Marjane found herself at her cousin Payman's party, adorned in a sweater and necklace crafted by her mother.