# data[].attributes.body
Henri Matisse

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The worst enemy to creativity is self-doubt.

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The worst enemy to creativity is self-doubt.

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Sylvia Plath

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Anxiety is the handmaiden of creativity.

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Anxiety is the handmaiden of creativity.

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T.S. Eliot

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It is all very well to copy what one sees, but it is far better to draw what one now only sees in one’s memory. That is a transformation in which imagination collaborates with memory.

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It is all very well to copy what one sees, but it is far better to draw what one now only sees in one’s memory. That is a transformation in which imagination collaborates with memory.

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Edgar Degas

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A man paints with his brains and not with his hands.

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A man paints with his brains and not with his hands.

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Michelangelo

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The imagination imitates. It is the critical spirit that creates.

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The imagination imitates. It is the critical spirit that creates.

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Oscar Wilde

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Music is a higher revelation than all wisdom and philosophy.

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Music is a higher revelation than all wisdom and philosophy.

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Ludwig van Beethoven

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Rationalism is the enemy of art, though necessary as a basis for architecture.

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Rationalism is the enemy of art, though necessary as a basis for architecture.

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Arthur Erickson

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Skill without imagination is craftsmanship and gives us many useful objects such as wickerwork picnic baskets. Imagination without skill gives us modern art.

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Skill without imagination is craftsmanship and gives us many useful objects such as wickerwork picnic baskets. Imagination without skill gives us modern art.

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Tom Stoppard

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The waking mind is the least serviceable in the arts.

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The waking mind is the least serviceable in the arts.

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Henry Miller

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Anatole France

# data[].attributes.headline
Memory is a great artist. For every man and for every woman it makes the recollection of his or her life a work of art and an unfaithful record.

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Memory is a great artist. For every man and for every woman it makes the recollection of his or her life a work of art and an unfaithful record.

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Andre Maurois

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The moral backbone of literature is about that whole question of memory. To my mind it seems clear that those who have no memory have the much greater chance to lead happy lives.

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The moral backbone of literature is about that whole question of memory. To my mind it seems clear that those who have no memory have the much greater chance to lead happy lives.

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W. G. Sebald

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Vision is the art of seeing what is invisible to others.

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Vision is the art of seeing what is invisible to others.

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Jonathan Swift

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Literature becomes the living memory of a nation.

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Literature becomes the living memory of a nation.

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Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

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Whoever neglects the arts when he is young has lost the past and is dead to the future.

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Whoever neglects the arts when he is young has lost the past and is dead to the future.

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Sophocles

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I found I could say things with color and shapes that I couldn’t say any other way – things I had no words for.

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I found I could say things with color and shapes that I couldn’t say any other way – things I had no words for.

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Georgia O’Keefe

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There was a time when meanings were focused and reality could be fixed; when that sort of belief disappeared, things became uncertain and open to interpretation.

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There was a time when meanings were focused and reality could be fixed; when that sort of belief disappeared, things became uncertain and open to interpretation.

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Bridget Riley

# data[].attributes.headline
The moment an emotion or fact is transformed into a photograph it is no longer a fact but an opinion.

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The moment an emotion or fact is transformed into a photograph it is no longer a fact but an opinion.

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Richard Avedon

# data[].attributes.headline
Imagination and fiction make up more than three quarters of our real life.

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Imagination and fiction make up more than three quarters of our real life.

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Simone Weil

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My painting carries with it the message of pain.

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My painting carries with it the message of pain.

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Frida Kahlo

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I never paint dreams or nightmares. I paint my own reality.

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I never paint dreams or nightmares. I paint my own reality.

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Frida Kahlo

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Literature is my Utopia. Here I am not disenfranchised. No barrier of the senses shuts me out from the sweet, gracious discourses of my book friends. They talk to me without embarrassment or awkwardness.

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Literature is my Utopia. Here I am not disenfranchised. No barrier of the senses shuts me out from the sweet, gracious discourses of my book friends. They talk to me without embarrassment or awkwardness.

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Helen Keller

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The artist’s job is to be a witness to his time in history.

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The artist’s job is to be a witness to his time in history.

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Robert Rauschenberg

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To an engineer, good enough means perfect. With an artist, there’s no such thing as perfect.

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To an engineer, good enough means perfect. With an artist, there’s no such thing as perfect.

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Alexander Calder

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Advertising is the greatest art form of the 20th century.

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Advertising is the greatest art form of the 20th century.

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Marshall McLuhan

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Music happens to be an art form that transcends language.

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Music happens to be an art form that transcends language.

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Herbie Hancock

# data[].attributes.headline
I found I could say things with color and shapes that I couldn’t say any other way – things I had no words for.

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I found I could say things with color and shapes that I couldn’t say any other way – things I had no words for.

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Georgia O’Keeffe

# data[].attributes.headline
Art is a lie that makes us realize truth.

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Art is a lie that makes us realize truth.

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Pablo Picasso

# data[].attributes.headline
After silence, that which comes nearest to expressing the inexpressible is music.

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After silence, that which comes nearest to expressing the inexpressible is music.

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Aldous Huxley

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If we could but paint with the hand what we see with the eye.

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If we could but paint with the hand what we see with the eye.

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Honore de Balzac

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Painting is the only universal language. All nature is creation’s picture book. Painting alone can describe every thing which can be seen, and suggest every emotion which can be felt. Art reaches back into the babyhood of time, and is man’s only lasting monument.

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Painting is the only universal language. All nature is creation’s picture book. Painting alone can describe every thing which can be seen, and suggest every emotion which can be felt. Art reaches back into the babyhood of time, and is man’s only lasting monument.

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William Morris Hunt

# data[].attributes.headline
Everybody knows how fallible memory can sometimes be. You remember certain fragments precisely, but as soon as you try to join the fragments together, for a story, there is a certain – not falsification, but a shifting.

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Everybody knows how fallible memory can sometimes be. You remember certain fragments precisely, but as soon as you try to join the fragments together, for a story, there is a certain – not falsification, but a shifting.

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Gunter Grass

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Poetry involves the mysteries of the irrational perceived through rational words.

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Poetry involves the mysteries of the irrational perceived through rational words.

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Vladimir Nabokov

# data[].attributes.headline
All fiction relies on the real world in the sense that we all take in the world through our five senses and we accumulate details, consciously or subconsciously. This accumulation of detail can be drawn on when you write fiction.

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All fiction relies on the real world in the sense that we all take in the world through our five senses and we accumulate details, consciously or subconsciously. This accumulation of detail can be drawn on when you write fiction.

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Rohinton Mistry

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Music happens to be an art form that transcends language.

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Music happens to be an art form that transcends language.

# data[].attributes.body
Herbie Hancock

# data[].attributes.headline
I found I could say things with color and shapes that I couldn’t say any other way – things I had no words for.

# data[].attributes.subject
I found I could say things with color and shapes that I couldn’t say any other way – things I had no words for.

# data[].attributes.body
Georgia O’Keeffe

# data[].attributes.headline
Art is a lie that makes us realize truth.

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Art is a lie that makes us realize truth.

# data[].attributes.body
Pablo Picasso

# data[].attributes.headline
After silence, that which comes nearest to expressing the inexpressible is music.

# data[].attributes.subject
After silence, that which comes nearest to expressing the inexpressible is music.

# data[].attributes.body
Aldous Huxley

# data[].attributes.headline
If we could but paint with the hand what we see with the eye.

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If we could but paint with the hand what we see with the eye.

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Honore de Balzac

# data[].attributes.headline
Painting is the only universal language. All nature is creation’s picture book. Painting alone can describe every thing which can be seen, and suggest every emotion which can be felt. Art reaches back into the babyhood of time, and is man’s only lasting monument.

# data[].attributes.subject
Painting is the only universal language. All nature is creation’s picture book. Painting alone can describe every thing which can be seen, and suggest every emotion which can be felt. Art reaches back into the babyhood of time, and is man’s only lasting monument.

# data[].attributes.body
William Morris Hunt

# data[].attributes.headline
Everybody knows how fallible memory can sometimes be. You remember certain fragments precisely, but as soon as you try to join the fragments together, for a story, there is a certain – not falsification, but a shifting.

# data[].attributes.subject
Everybody knows how fallible memory can sometimes be. You remember certain fragments precisely, but as soon as you try to join the fragments together, for a story, there is a certain – not falsification, but a shifting.

# data[].attributes.body
Gunter Grass

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I’m interested in memory because it’s a filter through which we see our lives, and because it’s foggy and obscure, the opportunities for self-deception are there. In the end, as a writer, I’m more interested in what people tell themselves happened rather than what actually happened.

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I’m interested in memory because it’s a filter through which we see our lives, and because it’s foggy and obscure, the opportunities for self-deception are there. In the end, as a writer, I’m more interested in what people tell themselves happened rather than what actually happened.

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Kazuo Ishiguro

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Use the resources to set up questions such as: which quotes do students find the most and least insightful? Do they challenge or support your assumptions about this aspect of TOK? What do they reveal about the way this aspect of TOK interlinks with rest of the course?

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Use the quotes to provide students with a quick access point into this aspect of TOK, prompt discussions and debates in your classroom, and introduce a range of influential thinkers.

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We've arranged the quotes into six categories, which correspond to our Big Questions. See more on the BQs here.

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You can also apply them easily to the knowledge framework: Section 1 links to nature and scope; Section 2 links to ethics; Section 3, 5, 6 links to methods & tools; Section 4 links to perspectives.

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The essential function of art is moral. But a passionate, implicit morality, not didactic. A morality which changes the blood, rather than the mind.

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The essential function of art is moral. But a passionate, implicit morality, not didactic. A morality which changes the blood, rather than the mind.

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D. H. Lawrence

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I’ve handled colour as a man should behave. You may conclude that I consider ethics and aesthetics as one.

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I’ve handled colour as a man should behave. You may conclude that I consider ethics and aesthetics as one.

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Josef Albers

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For thousands of years art was seen as a source of responsible moral and ethical leadership. Today, taking that stance is almost seen as comic.

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For thousands of years art was seen as a source of responsible moral and ethical leadership. Today, taking that stance is almost seen as comic.

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Jack Beal

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Art itself is essentially ethical; because every true work of art must have a beauty or grandeur of some kind, and beauty and grandeur cannot be comprehended by the beholder except through the moral sentiment. The eye is only a witness; it is not a judge. The mind judges what the eye reports to it; therefore, whatever elevates the moral sentiment to the contemplation of beauty and grandeur is in itself ethical.

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Art itself is essentially ethical; because every true work of art must have a beauty or grandeur of some kind, and beauty and grandeur cannot be comprehended by the beholder except through the moral sentiment. The eye is only a witness; it is not a judge. The mind judges what the eye reports to it; therefore, whatever elevates the moral sentiment to the contemplation of beauty and grandeur is in itself ethical.

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Edward Bulwer-Lytton

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In a world that has ceased to believe in sin, the artist is responsible for the preaching.

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In a world that has ceased to believe in sin, the artist is responsible for the preaching.

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Albert Camus

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If a man devotes himself to art, much evil is avoided that happens otherwise if one is idle.

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If a man devotes himself to art, much evil is avoided that happens otherwise if one is idle.

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Albrecht Durer

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What is beautiful is moral; that is all there is to it.

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What is beautiful is moral; that is all there is to it.

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Gustave Flaubert

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The laws of morals and the laws of music are the same.

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The laws of morals and the laws of music are the same.

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Zoltan Kodaly

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I consider morals and aesthetics one and the same, for they cover only one impulse, one drive inherent in our consciousness – to bring our life and all our actions into a satisfactory relationship with the events of the world as our consciousness wants it to be, in harmony with our life and according to the laws of consciousness itself.

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I consider morals and aesthetics one and the same, for they cover only one impulse, one drive inherent in our consciousness – to bring our life and all our actions into a satisfactory relationship with the events of the world as our consciousness wants it to be, in harmony with our life and according to the laws of consciousness itself.

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Naum Gabo

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The work of art may have a moral effect, but to demand moral purpose from the artist is to make him ruin his work.

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The work of art may have a moral effect, but to demand moral purpose from the artist is to make him ruin his work.

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Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

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As a general truth, it is safe to say that any picture that produces a moral impression is a bad picture.

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As a general truth, it is safe to say that any picture that produces a moral impression is a bad picture.

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The Goncourt brothers

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The final purpose of art is to intensify, even, if necessary, to exacerbate, the moral consciousness of people.

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The final purpose of art is to intensify, even, if necessary, to exacerbate, the moral consciousness of people.

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Norman Mailer

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Art is never chaste. We forbid it to the ignorant innocents, never allow a contact with those not sufficiently prepared. Yes art is dangerous, and if it is chaste it isn’t art.

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Art is never chaste. We forbid it to the ignorant innocents, never allow a contact with those not sufficiently prepared. Yes art is dangerous, and if it is chaste it isn’t art.

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Pablo Picasso

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It is ridiculous to say that art has nothing to do with morality. What is true is that the artist’s business is not that of the policeman.

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It is ridiculous to say that art has nothing to do with morality. What is true is that the artist’s business is not that of the policeman.

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George Bernard Shaw

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Art is amoral; so is life. For me there are no obscene pictures or books; there are only poorly conceived and poorly executed ones.

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Art is amoral; so is life. For me there are no obscene pictures or books; there are only poorly conceived and poorly executed ones.

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Irving Stone

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The books that the world calls immoral are books that show the world its own shame.

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The books that the world calls immoral are books that show the world its own shame.

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Oscar Wilde

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Poetry heals the wounds inflicted by reason.

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Poetry heals the wounds inflicted by reason.

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Novalis

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I do not literally paint that table, but the emotion it produces upon me.

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I do not literally paint that table, but the emotion it produces upon me.

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Henri Matisse

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Photography is a major force in explaining man to man.

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Photography is a major force in explaining man to man.

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Edward Steichen

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Art is not a study of positive reality, it is the seeking for ideal truth.

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Art is not a study of positive reality, it is the seeking for ideal truth.

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John Ruskin

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The writer, when he is also an artist, is someone who admits what others don’t dare reveal.

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The writer, when he is also an artist, is someone who admits what others don’t dare reveal.

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Elia Kazan

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The purpose of art is washing the dust of daily life off our souls.

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The purpose of art is washing the dust of daily life off our souls.

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Pablo Picasso

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All religions, arts and sciences are branches of the same tree.

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All religions, arts and sciences are branches of the same tree.

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Albert Einstein

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Wilson Mizner

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Inspiration in Science may have to do with ideas, but not in Art. In art it is in the senses that are instinctively responsive to the medium of expression.

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Inspiration in Science may have to do with ideas, but not in Art. In art it is in the senses that are instinctively responsive to the medium of expression.

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Arthur Erickson

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The writer’s joy is the thought that can become emotion, the emotion that can wholly become a thought.

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The writer’s joy is the thought that can become emotion, the emotion that can wholly become a thought.

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Thomas Mann

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An artist is somebody who produces things that people don’t need to have.

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An artist is somebody who produces things that people don’t need to have.

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Andy Warhol

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Friedrich Nietzsche

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I think in art, but especially in films, people are trying to confirm their own existences.

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I think in art, but especially in films, people are trying to confirm their own existences.

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Jim Morrison

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Fiction reveals truths that reality obscures.

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Fiction reveals truths that reality obscures.

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Jessamyn West

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Art evokes emotion. It doesn’t have to be a thing of beauty.

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Art evokes emotion. It doesn’t have to be a thing of beauty.

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Eli Broad

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Art works because it appeals to certain faculties of the mind. Music depends on details of the auditory system, painting and sculpture on the visual system. Poetry and literature depend on language.

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Art works because it appeals to certain faculties of the mind. Music depends on details of the auditory system, painting and sculpture on the visual system. Poetry and literature depend on language.

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Steven Pinker

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True art is characterized by an irresistible urge in the creative artist.

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True art is characterized by an irresistible urge in the creative artist.

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Albert Einstein

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Elbert Hubbard

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Were I called on to define, very briefly, the term Art, I should call it ‘the reproduction of what the Senses perceive in Nature through the veil of the soul.’ The mere imitation, however accurate, of what is in Nature, entitles no man to the sacred name of ‘Artist.’

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Were I called on to define, very briefly, the term Art, I should call it ‘the reproduction of what the Senses perceive in Nature through the veil of the soul.’ The mere imitation, however accurate, of what is in Nature, entitles no man to the sacred name of ‘Artist.’

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Edgar Allan Poe

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Truly fertile Music, the only kind that will move us, that we shall truly appreciate, will be a Music conducive to Dream, which banishes all reason and analysis. One must not wish first to understand and then to feel. Art does not tolerate Reason.

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Truly fertile Music, the only kind that will move us, that we shall truly appreciate, will be a Music conducive to Dream, which banishes all reason and analysis. One must not wish first to understand and then to feel. Art does not tolerate Reason.

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Albert Camus

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Lucius Annaeus Seneca

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Life imitates art far more than art imitates Life.

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Life imitates art far more than art imitates Life.

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Oscar Wilde

# data[].attributes.headline
The moment you think you understand a great work of art, it’s dead for you.

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The moment you think you understand a great work of art, it’s dead for you.

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Oscar Wilde

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Without art, the crudeness of reality would make the world unbearable.

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Without art, the crudeness of reality would make the world unbearable.

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George Bernard Shaw