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Understanding of different theory that relates to crime, justice and punishment.

Understanding the importance of deterrence.

Understanding why do people commit crime.

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different theories of punishment, never thought of it from a class perspective before, only considered as government's form of control

different justifications of punishment, the balance between deterrence, retribution is dependent on the characteristics of the society

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looking at different theories of crime and how each have their own reasoning; whether they are relevant today

understanding different punishments and how they are applicable today

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1. Punishment reflects societal norms and power dynamics.

2. I used to understand punishment as a political aspect. However, through this course, I learnt that there is a complex interplay of social, political and economic factors.

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Initially, I thought I’d only be learning about the types of crimes in Singapore and other countries. Surprisingly, I learned more about what makes criminals an offender and how we rationalise crime itself. It makes the justice system more humane than an imposing system shown on television. It made me realise the importance of sociology like Marxism.

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hi anil! this was a very interesting module to start off uni in pss :) There was a lot of depth in the areas of crime, justice and punishment which i had not thought about before. The theories are certainly new to me and after learning about it, i see how it could possibly be included or reframe the way when i see cases in Singapore. The several aspects of Deterrence, Retributive, Reformative and the others have been reallyyy useful in thinking the planning and perspectives over the punishments and structures that are meted out in dealing with crime. A lot was covered on the pre-crime? and post-crime? which really encapsulates the whole idea of PSS :)

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Understanding the reasons of why some people commit crimes.

Why judicial corporal punishment is still relevant in Singapore, while other countries are moving away from it.

How different theories are applied to punishment.

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Through the seminars, I realised the importance of having to also consider the pov of the offenders and why they commit the crimes to better evaluate whether the punishments given would work.

Learning the theories has helped me understand the considerations put in place for punishments made and having to consider the impacts towards society as well.

It has been an interesting and insightful module that has broadened my thinking about crime and punishment :)

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There are different theories to punishments (Punish to deter, punish to rehabilitate etc)

There are different beliefs as to why people commit crime (Crime is needed for society to function etc)

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1. I can see the theories behind certain initiatives in prisons and the reasons for certain punishments in place.

2. I have more clarity due to the theories as to why there are certain criminogenic traits & behaviours for both inmates and members of public.

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Singapore has a strong focus on rehabilitation despite international criticism regarding the perceived draconian laws.

Methods of punishment vary significantly across different countries, depending on various cultural and societal factors.

Understanding of the various modes of deterrence theories in preventing crime; Analysis of how governments exert control over all aspects of society

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I havent got into the details and I didnt know there are many theories especially towards crime, justice and punishment. As much as its complicated, I feel that generally its really interesting. Its something I look forward to learn and find out more too

After learning all across the lesson, I find the information and theories interesting to learn

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Rationale behind deterrence strategy

Did not know that there are many theories of punishment, learnt that it is important to take them into consideration to implement a punishment

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Prior to the course, I never knew that punishments meted out where based on the theories of punishment. Learning about this was eye-opening and allowed me to make more sense of the punishments for criminal acts.

The different types of views (Foucault, Marxist etc.) were very intriguing and applicable to the differing points of views that people have

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Crime is a part of society. We can do all that we can to prevent but history shows that somehow or rather, crime still exists. We can only learn from theories and try our best to prevent and learn how to better tackle crimes but it’s likely that we may not be able to eliminate it entirely. Punishment also exists for a reason. Whether it is to deter, to reform or fulfil other functions of punishment, we can learn to balance preventive measures and punishment. It is not fair to sway more towards “human rights” and ignore entirely the function of punishment.

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different theories and motivations for criminal behaviors

the different theories for deterrence, punishments.

the biases theories to take note.

and good introduction of what motivate crime. Thank you Mr Anil!

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understanding theories that leads to criminal behaviors

rationalizing crimes

gaining perspectives beyond the norm of rationalizing punishments

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I gained better insights into why people commit crimes and the different theories that lead to it.

I learnt that punishment can be dealt in many different ways and there are 2 sides of the story. The perspective and understanding of the offenders is crucial in crime justice and punishment.

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thought-provoking and challenges current biasness of the views i hold towards the criminal justice system. I realised that laws and policies are put in place for a reason, but at the same time, just because our criminal justice system is already "good" it doesn't mean that there's no room for improvement. you also cannot satisfy everyone at the same time, which is why, the justice system has to be firm when doing their policing, though it then begs the question of whether the people in place are able to execute that? when humans are multi-faceted, complex, and hold many biases. much to think about.

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before attending this course, I did not know why government implement certain things to such clear understanding. for instance implementing for POLCAM, while for the obvious reason was to deter crime, it is only through this course that I learn it is actually through Foucault theories that goes back a long time.

another takeaway is learning punishment is not just about putting someone away. but it involves reformative as well. and understanding how reformative can prevent someone to reoffend

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Crime is complicated and there are many reasons why people commit them, and although humans have always tried to find different ways to explain the link between crime and society, there is no perfect explanation, thus it is best explained with a combination of theories. There is also no one-size-fit-all solution to crime so we have to keep our ways of sentencing updated.

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Before

1. Certain crimes can easily be eliminated

2. Justice and punishment can be easily served easily

After

1. Crimes cannot be completely eliminated but can be prevented through different means such as rehabilitation.

2. Different theories that study how justice can be served and govern how different authorities plays a vital role in understanding why people commit crime

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An extremely unique and insightful module! It is truly enlightening to learn the different motivations behind the regulation and protection of a society's safety and security.

This module really makes you think deep about the reasoning behind each punishment stated in the penal code. As Singaporeans, we generally only know that Singapore is a very safe country, but it was an eye-opener to learn what has made Singapore the way it is with the learning of various theories and concepts.

It was definitely not easy but a very well-worth module in the line of profession we strive to achieve.

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crime, justice and punishment from a philosophical / theoretical perspective is something very new to me, but i learnt about how these theories are applied to the local criminal justice system.

i also learnt that a lot of the punishments i previously perceived as draconian or strict (from a purely outside perspective) are actually meant as a form of deterrence. when applied, most sentences focus a lot more on the rehabilitation and reformation of the individual offender, which made me see the justice system in quite a different light

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Before going into pss103, I was not aware that there are different types and reasons for punishment— preventive, deterrence, retributive, reformative. I think I can safely say for a lot of us, growing up, we faced corporal punishment and it instilled a way of thinking into us that punishment was just to torture us for doing something wrong. But after pss103, I learned that there are different types and rationales for punishment. I think before this, when a crime occurs, it’s easy for us, from the outside looking in, to simply think “oh, just put him into jail, 20 years, simple”. But after this, I have a deeper understanding of the different punishments and how it is not limited to just incarceration

Before going into pss103, I had a distorted view of offenders, basically thinking that they are just “bad people” in general who do bad things. But after learning Marxist theories, Weber’s types of rationality, and more, I’ve become more aware that crimes don’t always happen for malicious reasons.

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There are different deterrence theory to deter a crime to take place, such as the idea is that the fear of consequences.

I also have better understanding of why people will commit crime through the different concept and theories.

Today I also learn about the biases in the Criminal Judicial System and how important to prevent that.

Now I read article or news and do a lot more thinking.

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Understanding crimes in a bigger picture. All along I thought crime is just an offence someone committed, get punish for it and the prison is just a place for them to do self relfection. After going through this module, then i realised there are many types of punishments and ways to deal with offenders

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How to punish people effectively and the different theories on why each punishment is more effective than the other.

Why different countries have different punishments.