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a group of layers to which a mask is applied.

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a powerful feature that allows users to modify images or objects within the program to fit their creative needs.

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the spacing between individual letters or characters.

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The vertical space between lines of type

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Letter spacing, character spacing or tracking is an optically consistent typographical adjustment to the space between letters to change the visual density of a line or block of text.

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multiple controls for refining all the edges of a selection.

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Select the Sharpen Tool from the toolbar.

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llows you to paint blur effect on specific areas of an image.

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the ratio of the dimensions of a camera's imaging area compared to a reference format;

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darkens areas of an image.

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l allows you to lighten specific areas of your image without affecting hue or saturation.

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works on color saturation.

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simulates a brush smearing wet paint.

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removes the part of an image surrounding the selection.

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You draw it across a line that's supposed to be straight, and then Photoshop will do the actual straightening for you.

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A tool in some graphics editor applications that fills in a portion of the image with a certain color or pattern .

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allows you to create gradual changes of color and light across an image with power and precision.

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allows you to add horizontal text to your images.

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allows you to move your image while you're zoomed in to more than 100% and part of the image is out of view

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used for magnifying a selected part of the image.

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one of the basic tools found in graphic design and editing applications

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allow you fix imperfections, like scratches, wrinkles, dust spots, etc., causing them to disappear into the surrounding image.

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magically removes unwanted spots, marks, or small objects in your image.

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copies pixels from one area and applies them to another.

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can be used to retouch your photos.

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allows you to move a selection or entire layer by dragging it with your mouse or using your keyboard arrows keys.

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the range of brightness, from lightest to darkest, in an image.

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characterized by or exhibiting vibration; pulsating or trembling.

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a color or shade.

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In photography and image processing, color balance is the global adjustment of the intensities of the colors. An important goal of this adjustment is to render specific colors – particularly neutral colors like white or grey – correctly

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Colorfulness, chroma and saturation are attributes of perceived color relating to chromatic intensity.

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In photography and cinematography, a reflector is an improvised or specialised reflective surface used to redirect light towards a given subject or scene.

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Full-frame cameras are sometimes said to be more "professional" than APS-C cameras,

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A full-frame sensor is most simply deﬁned by its sheer size—36 mm by 24 mm

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 the ratio of the dimensions of a camera's imaging area compared to a reference format;

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a nondestructive way to hide parts of an image or layer without erasing them

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every change you make to a video or photo after you download the RAW file to your computer

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a small image representation of a larger image, usually intended to make it easier and faster to look at or manage a group of larger images.

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information about a visual file or resource.

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a digital camera that combines the optics and the mechanisms of a single-lens reflex camera with a solid-state image sensor and digitally records the images from the sensor.

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an image stabilization technology that minimizes blur caused by camera shake.

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a very wide-angle lens with a field of vision covering up to 180°, the scale being reduced toward the edges.

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a lens with a longer focal length than standard, giving a narrow field of view and a magnified image.

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1. a lens of fixed focal length.

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a lens suitable for taking photographs unusually close to the subje

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In photography, the golden hour is the period of daytime shortly after sunrise or before sunset, during which daylight is redder and softer than when the sun is higher in the sky.

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that moment just before sunrise or after sunset when the sun dips below the horizon.

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A triadic color scheme consists of three colors.

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the repeated exposure of a photographic plate or film to light, often producing ghost images.

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In photography, HDR stands for high dynamic range. Dynamic range is simply the range of the lightest tones to the darkest tones within a photo. Put another way — it's a measure of the light intensities from the highlights to the shadows.

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“Straight Out Of Camera”

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These two acronyms are often used interchangeably although they do have different meanings. PPI (Pixels Per Inch) refers display resolution, or, how many individual pixels are displayed in one inch of a digital image. DPI (Dots Per Inch) refers to printer resolution, or, the number of dots of ink on a printed image.

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the level of detail contained in an image.

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he proportional relationship between an image's width and height.

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to remove or adjust the outside edges of an image (typically a photo) to improve framing or composition, draw a viewer's eye to the subject, or change the size or aspect ratio.

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all about what a tool offers.

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used to open and save files, adjust the canvas size, access some of the editing tools, open and close various windows, and more.

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may display a full range of RGB colours, or shades of a specific color and everything in between, dependant on a users needs.

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a strip of icons used to perform certain functions.

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displays a visual representation of your workspaces,

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helps you override automatic exposure adjustments your camera makes in situations with uneven light distribution, filters, non-standard processing, or underexposure or overexposure

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shows how much your set exposure values deviate from the levels the camera believes are optimal,

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when you bracket your shots you take exactly the same picture of your subject at several different exposures.

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a specific part of the frame where the camera is able to focus on something

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a chemical process used in photography which changes the appearance of black-and-white prints to brown.

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a reduction of an image's brightness or saturation toward the periphery compared to the image center

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the lightest elements in an image,

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The Tonal Range That Lies Between The Extreme Highlights And Shadows, Lending A Sense Of Depth, Dimension, And Naturalness To A Photograph.

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the dark areas where a light source is blocked by an object.

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the very center tone between absolute back and absolute white.

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it takes a series of readings in zones that cover the entire frame, and then calculates the overall average exposure value.

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uses the center of the frame to base the exposure on.

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covers only the centre 6.2% of the frame in the viewfinder, thus providing precise metering only for the subject.

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evaluates light around the chosen focus point or centre of the frame.

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a shooting mode in still cameras where several photos are captured in quick succession by either pressing the shutter button or holding it down.

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a photographic technique that combines a slow shutter speed with camera motion to create a sense of speed around a moving object

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the art of creating photos by setting long exposure times on a camera and using a moving light source to “paint.

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of, relating to, or constituting a motion picture made so that when projected a slow action (such as the opening of a flower bud) appears to be speeded up

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the technique in which the camera's shutter is left open during a somewhat lengthy period of time.

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the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images

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A tripod has three legs (that's the “tri”). A monopod is a camera support with one leg (the “mono”).

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Motion blur is the apparent streaking of moving objects in a photograph or a sequence of frames, such as a film or animation

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The Bulb setting on camera shutters is a momentary-action mode that holds shutters open for as long as a photographer depresses the shutter-release button.

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the speed at which the shutter of the camera closes.

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the photographer selects an aperture, and the camera chooses an appropriate shutter speed based on the available light.

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a shooting mode whereby the photographer sets the shutter speed, while the camera automatically sets the Aperture.

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you're in charge of adjusting aperture

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the camera selects and sets both the shutter speed and the aperture. For any given brightness of light, the camera has been programmed to set a specific combination of shutter speed and aperture.

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It gives your camera complete control over its various settings, including the ISO, the aperture, the shutter speed, the autofocus mode, and even the flash.

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bokeh is the aesthetic quality of the blur produced in out-of-focus parts of an image, caused by circles of confusion.

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the distance between the nearest and furthest elements in a scene that appear to be "acceptably sharp" in an image.

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is the term used to denote aperture measurements on your camera.

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an opening, hole, or gap.

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a certain type of visual distortion.

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the visible silver crystals in a film negative's emulsion

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a device that allows the camera to convert photons – that is, light – into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the device.

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an arbitrary rating of film speed;

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The ASA (American Standards Association) scale is an arbitrary rating of film speed; that is, the sensitivity of the film to light. If everything else is kept constant, the required exposure time is inversely proportional to the ASA rating.

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sensitivity to light

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image magnification increases with the distance from the optical axis.