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A picture shows John Cabot claiming what is now Canada in the name of King Henry VII in 1497.

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John Cabot explored Newfoundland and Labrador or Nova Scotia and he also might have explored the U.S. state of Maine. His voyages to North America lay the groundwork for Britain's later claim to Canada.

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Use this rubric to see what mastery looks like for this project

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Monuments of Jacques Cartier and Samuel de Champlain

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Jacques Cartier was a French explorer who traveled to what is now Canada in the 1500s

He explored the Gulf of St. Lawrence and claimed land for France

Later, Samuel de Champlain, known as the "Father of New France," founded Quebec City in 1608

Champlain worked closely with Indigenous peoples and helped set up fur trading posts

Their explorations were important because they opened the way for French settlements and trade in North America

Without their journeys, Canada might not have the strong French culture we see today.

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Canada would be a very different place without the fur trade, but the lives of Indigenous people would also be completely different. The fur trade brought them useful tools as well as hard times.
The Métis began making a living as trappers. They sold furs to three fur trade companies: Hudson's Bay Company, the North West Company, and the American Fur Company.

It fueled exploration, shaped Indigenous, and ultimately led to the development of Canada's western territories.

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Indigenous groups like Huron-Wendat, Iroquois, Cree, and Dene lived in the region before European settlers. French colonists, including fur trade, soldiers, and state sponsored brides. families relied on farming with the men often supplementing income through the fur trade. while the women help with house stuff like taking care of kids. French Canadians” are actually the descendants of French pioneers. These Acadians, Quebecois and other French-speaking people established Francophone communities in the 19th and 20th centuries. Immigration has contributed to Canada's demographic growth, cultural richness and socio-economic development.

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United Empire Loyalists were American colonists who supported the British cause and Crown during the American Revolution.

Forced from home United Empire Loyalists sought refuge in British Canada.

Most Loyalists settled in the eastern regions of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. Others settled in Lower Canada (Quebec) or Upper Canada (Ontario).

The Loyalist influx gave the region its first substantial population and led to the creation of a separate province, Upper Canada. Loyalists were instrumental in establishing educational, religious, social and governmental institutions.

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Early relationships between Indigenous peoples and newcomers were characterized by alliances and collaborations, often based on mutual respect and cooperation.

These relationships were forged through treaties, trade, and military alliances.

European arrivals had both positive and negative impacts.

Positives included the introduction of new technologies, economic systems, and cultural practices, potentially leading to economic growth and development.

Negatives included the displacement and oppression of indigenous populations, the introduction of devastating diseases, and the establishment of exploitative economic systems.

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https://www.rcaanc-cirnac.gc.ca/eng/1100100028574/1529354437231  https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/9869-IG-TNO-Online-Compressed.pdf                                            https://spcw.mb.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Aboriginal-Newcomer__Report_final.pdf                  https://www.nyu.edu/about/news-publications/news/2012/july/colonial-european-settlement-had-positive-effect-on-income-today-study-shows.html                           https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/precontact-and-early-colonial-era/old-and-new-worlds-collide/a/environmental-and-health-effects-of-contact     https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/colonialism

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they were created in 1873 to assert Canadian control over the northwest territories.

their role was enforcing laws, acting as a border patrol, and making peace with indigenous.

the northwest mounted police left a lasting impact of law and order.

they were a big part in Canadian history.

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https://rcmp.ca/en/history-rcmp/rcmp-origin-story         https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.864266/publication.html  https://gladue.usask.ca/index.php/node/2853             https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/north-west-mounted-police                                           https://parks.canada.ca/culture/designation/evenement-event/police-montee-creation-mounted-police      https://www.historicplaces.ca/en/pages/45_rcmp_grc.aspx#:~:text=With%20their%20westward%20advance%2C%20the,the%20infringement%20of%20M%C3%A9tis%20rights.

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Immigrants from :

Africa

Europe

Americans

South Asia

Asia

China

Europe

Philippines

India

Why did they come ?

seeking refuge from war or political instability

joining family

economic opportunities

hard for them :

not knowing English or french

hard getting jobs and houses

contributions :

add to the economy with different skills

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https://www.cicnews.com/2023/02/ircc-unveils-the-top-10-source-countries-of-new-immigrants-to-canada-in-2022-0233180.html       https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/immigration     https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/221026/dq221026a-eng.htm https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/221026/dq221026a-eng.htm               https://pier21.ca/research/immigration-history/settling-west-immigration-to-prairies                            https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/240618/dq240618b-eng.htm                                                                        https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/89-614-x/2005001/findings-resultats/4159099-eng.htm                                                 https://www.panelphysician.ca/blog/challenges-immigrants-face-when-moving-to-canada

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Why it was important to Canada’s development :

it connected eastern and western Canada

it grew Canadian towns and cities

enabled immigration

driving economic growth

Who built it ?

it was mostly Chinese but they were not paid enough and were working in dangerous conditions

the railway was funded by Americans and British

➔ How it changed Canada

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https://histoiredurailhistory.ca/confederation_en.html                           https://cpconnectingcanada.ca/our-history/                                         https://www.sanmagazine.ca/article/sea-to-sea-railway-%E2%80%93-canadian-pacific-railway                     https://canadiantrainvacations.com/blog/canadian-pacific-railway-facts  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Pacific_Railway          https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/canadian-pacific-railway-plain-language-summary 

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➔ What Confederation means
➔ When it happened (important date!)
➔ Why provinces chose to join

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For each post:

5-7 sentences (can be point form)

Include one image, map, or diagram

Cite your sources (give credit)

If using a website, copy and paste the address into the box at the bottom of the post

If using a book, type the author's name and book title into the box