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There are usually only two kinds of essays you need to be able to understand and write to get through 10th grade and those two are informative/expository and argumentative/opinion writing

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Informative essays are clearly different from argumentative ones even if they are made up of relatively the same parts.

In this situation your here to inform your audience, not convince them of anything. This means that you should not give your opinion or any form of personal bias. That also means that there is no need for a counter-claim/rebuttal.

The essay should be relatively structured the same as any other would.

Intro, Body/Evidence/Elaboration, Conclusion ( briefly restating the main idea and the evidence and facts given)

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An argumentative essay is a relatively short essay. Nothing really complex. It requires you to pick a side and state which side your on clearly, and then you need to defend your side by searching for evidence or looking for evidence in the sources given. These are the parts of the essay:

Claim – The main idea or argument the writer is trying to prove.

Evidence or elaboration – The facts and explanations that support the claim.

Counterclaim/ Counterargument – The opposite point of view or argument.

Rebuttal – The response that explains why the counterclaim is wrong or weak.

Conclusion – The final part that leaves a strong message and makes the reader think.

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Unfortunately, in order to understand meanings of text you have to have a good vocabulary. There are multiple methods and concepts you can use to build your vocabulary library.

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Denotation – The actual, dictionary definition of a word.

Connotation – The feelings, ideas, or emotions we connect with a word, which can be positive or negative.

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Context Clues are simply details that help the reader get a slight understanding of an unknown word.

Examples of context clues can be:

Definitions – The meaning of the word is directly explained in the sentence, often right after the word.

Synonyms – Words with similar meanings are used to help explain the new word.

Antonyms – Words with opposite meanings are used to show a contrast and help define the new word.

Examples – Specific examples are given to help you understand what the word means.

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Informational elements are the parts of informational work. These tend to refine information text in order to give the reader a clearer view of the details and what the text is about

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Rhetoric simply can be seen as the art of persuasion. Convincing someone of something.

There are 4 kinds of rhetorical appeals:

1. Ethos: Using someone's credibility and ethics to persuade an opinion. (Example: Psychologist suggesting scrolling on social media is bad for the brain)

2. Pathos: Using someone's emotions or feelings to persuade. (Example: Commercials encouraging you to donate by showing videos and images or sad people in need)

3. Logos: Using logic and reasoning to persuade. (Example: someone referring back to a statistic to support their argument)

4. Kairos: Using timeliness to encourage people to take action. (Example: the usage of the words, "One time oppourtunity")

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The main idea is just what the story is mostly about. Sometimes its clear and sometimes it takes some digging to truly find it. Also, try not to get it confused with something like theme. Themes are universal, Main Ideas are specific to the story.

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Literary elements are part of what makes literary work so good to read. They enhance the meaning of the story at hand and the impact of the text. The goal is to make the leave the reader with new thoughts or concepts to explore.

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Diction simply is the choice of words the author uses. This is usually used to convey what the author things about a certain topic or subject in the text in a subtle way. In                                                                                                 order the figure out the diction of a article or story, look for the connotation in words. Are they negative or are they positive. There are usually 4 common types of diction you will find in your everyday  life: 

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Types of diction:

Formal - Precise and well refined language with proper grammar. And example could be, "May I please borrow a pencil?"

Informal - More casual and laid back. Utilizes everyday speech that you would use maybe when conversing with friends or family. One example could be, "What's up?"

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Mood in simple terms, is the atmosphere you feel when reading an. You usually would understand the atmosphere based on the emotions you feel while reading. Maybe you would feel sympathetic or empathic. Maybe you feel indifferent and can't relate. Maybe the plot is sad. Whatever it may be, that is more than likely the mood of the text. Common and simple examples of mood is: Peaceful, Calm, Somber, Depressed, Anxious, Serious, and Funny.                                                                                       Tone is known as how the author feels towards the topic or a subject in a text. In the end the tone can be determined just by how the author presents their work. Different kinds of tone could be: Formal, Informal, and Upbeat.  

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If you needed help surviving 10th grade English class? This is the place to be. Here you will find everything you need to know about the contents that 10th grade English holds. Feel free to use this as just something to review whenever your heart tells you.

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1. Literary Elements

2. Informational Elements

3. Vocabulary

4. Writing

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Rhetorical device: a technique or way of organizing words to evoke a specific reaction or getting someone to think about something in a certain way.

Examples are :

Antithesis - Contrasting ideas are expressed by using parallel arrangements of words.

Rhetorical Question - A statement made in the form of a question with no expectation of an answer.

Allusion - Referencing something else in your work.

Anaphora - Repetition of words at the beginning of a phrase.

Analogy - A comparison between two things that is lengthy and explains the comparison.

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Figurative language is what adds a spark to the text. It can also be a fun way to get your audience to start thinking about the words they read rather than just reading on autopilot. There are many different kinds of of figurative language examples like:

Simile - Similes compare the similarity of two things using the words like or as.

Metaphor - It simply compares two things without using the words like or as

Personification - Giving an inanimate object or item human like traits or the sense of being alive.

There are many more examples but these are just 3 very common ones.