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Yalta Conference (February 1945) Post war plans

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Yalta Conference (February 1945) Post war plans

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This key conference took place in Yalta, and focused on shaping the post-war world. Key agreements included the division of Germany into occupation zones, the formation of the United Nations, and the demand for unconditional surrender from Japan. Stalin also secured influence over Eastern Europe, setting the stage for Cold War tensions. Though intended to promote peace, many of its decisions contributed to geopolitical struggles in the years that followed. with the splitting of Germany being one of the most important decisions in modern history, causing crises across the world, and hardships for millions of germans up until the end of the 20th century

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Yalta Conference (February 1945) Post war plans

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Nuclear bombings of Japan in Hiroshima and nagasaki

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Nuclear bombings of Japan in Hiroshima and nagasaki

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At the end of ww2 President Truman had to make a decision, whether to continue island hopping and slowly and painstakingly take over japan, or to wipe out 2 urban areas with nuclear weapons and swiftly end the war with less militarial casualties but more civilian casualties. In the end Truman decided to use 2 nuclear bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, effectively putting an end to the war by nearly wiping out both cities, this did put an end to WW2 in the Pacific, however this unleashed the fact that we had atomic bombs in the first place. Kind of propelling us into an arms race with the soviets for nearly the rest of the 20th century.

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Speech given out by Winston Churchill at a local college in Missouri after Truman requested he speak. Churchill was the one who describes the seperation of western and eastern Europe as the "Iron Curtain". Signifying there differences economically, politically, diplomatically and socially. showing how communism and capitalism was spreading across both Europe and the world.

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Truman Doctrine first applied in Greek Civil war 3/12/47

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Truman Doctrine first applied in Greek Civil war 3/12/47

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The Truman doctrine said that all communism was bad and the U.S would do everything in their power to stop it, whether economic or militarily. This was first used in the Greek civil war to help stop the spread of communism. Which was a very successful plan across Greece who won the civil war and the Communists were defeated. Further promoting capitalism across the world and actively diffusing the spread of communism with the downside of having increased tensions with the Soviets during this time and for a majority of the Cold war

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after the destruction of Europe during WWII George Marshall came up with the Marshall plan, which was to help support with money however, the money could only be used to buy american products. This was also to help stop the spread of communism. This was a major success in all of Western Europe, helping rebuild what was lost in WWII. Food fuel money, and other supplies were given to Europe to help after the war which also helped Isolate communism in eastern Europe and because of the only american product sitiuation the East were not able to be rebuilt as well leading to many of their cities to still be broken down which led to many viewing the west in a more positive way compared to the east.

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the Berlin Blockade, and the Airlift (June 1948)

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the Berlin Blockade, and the Airlift (June 1948)

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The Soviet union Blocked off supplies from the allies from west Berlin because they wanted full controlled of Berlin, however The U.S came up with a plan to Fly in all of the supplies, food, gas and other needs were flown in, thousands of tons were distributed through this method and was a huge success for the west, further promoting anti-communist views across western europe.

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NATO otherwise known as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization was formed in early 1949 to help keep peace in europe while also attempting to contain Soviet ideas across the world. While also using something known as collective defense essentially saying if you attack one of us, you attack all of us. effectively helping the containment of communism however, the Soviets saw this as a threat and would later introduce the warsaw pact, further increasing the strength of the iron curtain across europe. Leading to increased tensions world wide.

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Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site, Kazakhstan

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Russia's first Atomic bomb test (August 20th 1949)

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Russia's first Atomic bomb test (August 20th 1949)

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after the United States developed the atomic bomb, the soviets with the help of spies, developed one of their own, this was the start of the arms race and later these nuclear weapons would cause the M.A.D ideology for both parties of the cold war. With the development of nuclear bombs the many from United States was in fear that the Soviet union would soon strike causing panic across the world and definitively jump starting the cold war with tensions building fast.

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Mao Zedong wins Chinese Civil war and creates the peoples republic of china.

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Mao Zedong wins Chinese Civil war and creates the peoples republic of china.

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after a 4 year cease fire during the events of WWII Mao Zedong is able to recoup his army and win the Chinese civil war, and now turns china into a communist nation. The US. is scared they are going to lose the cold war because the heart of Asia is now communist. And now that the Soviets have a very strong ally for the time being America is afraid communism is going to spread across all of asia and maybe even the middle east and other nearby regions, this further propels the cold war into a panic state because of M.A.D. and the fact that now the soviets aren't on their own as much for the time being.

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Feb, 1950: McCarthyism and the Red Scare takes hold in the US

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Feb, 1950: McCarthyism and the Red Scare takes hold in the US

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Macarthyism otherwise known as the red scare, was the widespread fear that others were communist spies, and that anyone could be accused, tried and found guilty for being communist for very little things all because everyone was so afraid of communism. for example lets say John random doesn't like pizza or some popular food, many could say he was a communist spy because he didn't like pizza a popular food or activity or something in America, and people would that's weird and then things would snowball and in turn John is looked on horribly because he doesn't like a certain thing

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Hydrogen Bomb testing site (March 1st 1954)

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Hydrogen Bomb testing site (March 1st 1954)

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first testing of a hydrogen Bomb (fusion bomb) which is up to 10000 times large than the bombs used on Hiroshima and nagasaki. This was the first of its kind and the U.S developed a small lead in the arms race of the Cold War. A atomic bomb uses nuclear fission, meanwhile a Hydrogen bomb uses nuclear fusion to create it's blast.

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The Transfermium Wars were a scientific dispute during the Cold War, centered on the naming rights for elements 104 to 106 on the periodic table. American and Soviet scientists both claimed to have discovered these elements first, leading to competing proposals for their names. The controversy lasted for decades, with each side refusing to recognize the other's naming conventions.

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Fidel Castro takes over Cuba (Jan. 1959)

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Fidel Castro takes over Cuba (Jan. 1959)

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On January 1st, 1959 the brutal dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista was ended after a revolution led by Fidel Castro, Castro a lawyer was imprisoned and then released, fled to mexico to attempt to rebel against Batista, this rebellion would last until 1959 where Castro took control stating he would open up elections however, this did not happen, and he turned Cuba into a Communist nation, where he ruled until resigning in 2008.

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Sputnik was the first satellite launched into space, and at the time, many thought since the soviets were able to put a satellite into orbit, they also had the technology to send nuclear attacks at very long distances. This further led to the widespread fear of communism and the Soviet union across the west and put the United States to also advance their space exploration.

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U2 spy plane flies in the stratosphere and gets shot down by the Russians, and Gary Powers gets put on a public trial. This looks really bad for the United States because as Mr. T would say it(it looks like they have there hands in the cookie jar) because the U.S denies any involvement, until they swap Powers for Abel a Soviet spy, along with this trade the U.S also receives economic student Frederick Pryor.

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named due to the wild pigs in the area, the bay of pigs invasion, The U.S funded and supported a revolution out of Guatemala and it fails miserably, and the U.S is caught spying and failing to invade a foreign country, this leads to the Cuban missile crisis and the eventual alliance of the Soviet union and Cuba

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Berlin Wall Memorial, Bernauer Straße, Berlin, Germany

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Aug 17, 1961: Construction of Berlin Wall begins

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Aug 17, 1961: Construction of Berlin Wall begins

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The Berlin wall was built to stop the people of east Berlin moving to west Berlin because over 2 million people had done so already after the division of the city, the construction of the wall led to a lot of tension from its citizens and the Soviet union and the United States and the soviets. leading to even more tension during the cold war.

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After a supply Blockade the world reaches def con 2 and very near thermonuclear war where a treaty was reached, The U.S would remove their missiles from Italy and turkey, and never invade Cuba, and in return the soviets would remove their nuclear weapons from cuba.

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Former KGB headquarters, Pagari tänav, Tallinn, Estonia

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Established in 1954 the KGB is a organization similar to Homeland security here in the US both policing in domestic and international affairs. This was the Soviets method of gaining intelligence across the world. Mostly against the U.S as they were created during the cold war.

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March 1954: CIA helps overthrow unfriendly governments in Iran and Guatemala

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March 1954: CIA helps overthrow unfriendly governments in Iran and Guatemala

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The CIA was involved in covert operations that led to the overthrow of governments in Iran and Guatemala during the early 1950s. Both operations were driven by Cold War geopolitics and U.S. fears of communist influence, though they had long-term results, particularly in terms of fostering resentment toward American interventionism.

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The Soviet Union sought to consolidate control over its satellite states and create a collective defense agreement that countered Western alliances. The pact functioned as a tool for maintaining Soviet influence in Eastern Europe, allowing Moscow to station troops in member states and intervene when necessary. It remained in place until its dissolution in 1991, following the collapse of communist regimes across the region.

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Sino is an old way to mean china, so communist china goes to war against the Vietnamese and in turn a neighboring country Cambodia goes communist. otherwise known as the Khmer Rouge and their leader pol pot is a ruthless dictator and is a mass murderer killing anyone tainted by western culture. Communist Vietnam is furious at these actions and invade and take control over pol pot. Now, China is mad at Vietnam for invading Cambodia and they are now invading Vietnam.

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Nov. 1979: Shah of Iran overthrown; Iran Hostage Crisis begins

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Nov. 1979: Shah of Iran overthrown; Iran Hostage Crisis begins

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The king of Iran, who inherited the throne from his farther, is very conservative, who is eventually overthrown by Iranian college students and the Shah flees to the U.S. And with Economic hardship on the line the Iranians take control of the United States' embassy. and for over 400 days 60 hostages are held in the embassy, this ruins President Carters image to the American public eye and when he sent in special forces to rescue them, the mission is botched. Forever altering the relationship between Iran and the U.S

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1983: Reagan proposes SDI or “Star Wars”

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1983: Reagan proposes SDI or “Star Wars”

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This was Reagan's idea to play defense instead of offense, instead of creating more nukes and other weapons, (M.A.D) instead he wanted to create a defense mechanism to shoot down nukes, this would be a more permanent solution against the strategic nuclear weapons. According to Mr T. if the defense was 90% accurate it still wouldn't be good enough because if they were sending 2000 of them 200 would get through which is devastating to the U.S

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1983: Reagan proposes SDI or “Star Wars”

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Rebellion in Hungary put down (NOV 1956)

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Rebellion in Hungary put down (NOV 1956)

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This Hungarian rebellion was the first on the eastern bloc, it was the first time that a country had gone against communism in eastern Europe, and at first it was a success and they were gaining some more independent ground, however, things quickly were overturned and hundreds were killed in the aftermath and thousands were injured, and the movement was quickly suppressed by the soviet union.

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Oct 1983: US troops invade and overthrow regime in Grenada

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Oct 1983: US troops invade and overthrow regime in Grenada

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Including constant airstrike, and relentless fighting, the U.S needs to contain communism in it's own backyard. They discovered lots of Cuban and soviet weaponry and military supplies, with hundreds of Cubans defending this position. Americans sent thousands of troops and a couple of days of fighting America takes over Grenada and repels communism away from the island. This is seen as a win against communism because America is containing it and not letting it spread to nearby areas.

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Oct 1983: US troops invade and overthrow regime in Grenada

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July-Aug, 1984: Eastern Bloc boycotts LA Summer Olympics

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July-Aug, 1984: Eastern Bloc boycotts LA Summer Olympics

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after the U.S did not enter in the 1980 Moscow the Soviets decided to do the same thing in the 1984 olympics, and the soviets were commonly not in the olympics prior to 1952 and the only reason they started participating was to prove they were better than the U.S creating an even stronger rivalry/tensions between each other.

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1985: Gorbachev begins “glasnost” and “perestroika” in efforts to reform the USSR

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1985: Gorbachev begins “glasnost” and “perestroika” in efforts to reform the USSR

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Because of the amount of Debt the Soviet union is in because of its military spending, Gorbachev introduces new programs: Glasnost and perestroika introducing new openness and transparent freedoms in Soviet society. Perestroika is economic reformation through a slight amount of capitalism with capitalism non foreign countries products, and with this will be too late and the Soviet union is forced by the people to give more freedoms to the public ultimately causing the collapse of the soviet union

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Nuclear test ban treaty ratified (July 1963)

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Nuclear test ban treaty ratified (July 1963)

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With the how close the world got to nuclear destruction both the soviets and the U.S realized that nuclear weapons as a whole were more of a burden than a help, so to limit them the Nuclear test ban was signed, this stopped even larger bombs from being created and further led to peace between the soviets and Americans. This is seen as a huge win world wide. and a huge sigh of relief because of how the Cuban missile Crisis happended

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Nuclear test ban treaty ratified (July 1963)

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The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, passed by the U.S. Congress in August 1964, significantly escalated American involvement in the Vietnam War. It was a response to attacks on U.S. naval ships by North Vietnamese forces in the Gulf of Tonkin. The resolution granted President Lyndon B. Johnson, who brought the authority to use military force in Southeast Asia without declaration of war. the United States thought it was framed as a necessary defense measure, although later some later argued that the incidents were either exaggerated or misrepresented, fueling questions about governmental transparency and the justification for war because of the fear of communism.

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First ICBM launched by the Soviets(August 1957)

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First ICBM launched by the Soviets(August 1957)

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With the development of a weapon capable of launching a nuclear attack from thousands of miles away changed the world Geopolitical stance forever both in the arms race, and in the sense that it indirectly threatened the west with nuclear warfare, with these new missiles being so long ranged it is very easy for an attack to come, leading to fear across America, and with this new fear the United States had to accelerated the arms race by creating more and increasingly more powerful weapons, which caused a cycle of who could create a bigger bomb. Overall this was a win for the Soviets because they had the upper hand for now...

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Jan 1989: Soviet troops withdraw from Afghanistan

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Jan 1989: Soviet troops withdraw from Afghanistan

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after a 10 year long war for the control of Afghanistan, using hit and run and guerrilla warfare the Soviets finally give up and retreat back to their mainland, this was because of the religious views of the afghan people, because they were of Islamic faith. Where communism states that religion is just a distraction, the afghans Heavily disliked this and the afghan regime fought their way out of communism. Gorbachev understood that with the circumstances of the war they were fighting was too expensive and Gorbachev backed out of the war.

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Jan 1989: Soviet troops withdraw from Afghanistan

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1989: Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria and Romania oust Communist governments

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1989: Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria and Romania oust Communist governments

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With these actions from Gorbachev, and the departure from Afghanistan, many countries started to have elections, and overthrowing ruthless communist dictators across the eastern European region, and the iron curtain started to break down across the area, with people being allowed to go west and east. Democracy was soon replacing their old governments with elections being held in 1990.

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Tiananmen Square, 王府井 Dongcheng, Beijing, China

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after seeing what's happening in eastern Europe, Many people in china are wanting reforms in china, and a civil protest started in Tianamen Square which ends in a very violent massacre including tanks. This looks really bad for china because they are shooting harmless people and are just shooting people for wanting change. and now after the introduction of the open door policy people want even more change like freedom of press and other wants and causes china to use propaganda to shut down these ideas. eventually leading to the tianamen square massacre after weeks of protesting.

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April 1965: US Marines sent to Dominican Republic to fight Communism

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April 1965: US Marines sent to Dominican Republic to fight Communism

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In April 1965, the United States deployed thousands of troops to the Dominican Republic in response to a civil war that started after the overthrowing of President Juan Bosch. Known as Operation Power Pack, was by President Lyndon B. Johnson as an effort to prevent a communist dictatorship from taking hold in the Caribbean. This lead to questions about the U.S interfering with Latin American affairs and how many would view this as a questionable however this did ultimately stop the spread of communism in the D.R

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April 1965: US Marines sent to Dominican Republic to fight Communism

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July 1965: US announcement to dispatch 200,000 US troops to Vietnam

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July 1965: US announcement to dispatch 200,000 US troops to Vietnam

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In July 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson announced a significant escalation of U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War, increasing troop levels significantly, with further reinforcements expected. This decision was driven by mounting Viet Cong aggression and the belief that a stronger military presence was necessary to prevent the spread of communism in Southeast Asia. Johnson also raised the monthly draft call signaling a deeper commitment to the conflict.

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North Vietnam Steel Co., Phố Đức Giang, Thượng Thanh, Long Biên, Hanoi, Vietnam

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1966: B-52s Bomb N. Vietnam in Operation Rolling Thunder

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1966: B-52s Bomb N. Vietnam in Operation Rolling Thunder

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Operation Rolling thunder was a plan to destruct transportation, industry plants, and air defenses to help the Vietnam war efforts. However, due to the strong air defenses by the Vietcong and help from other communist nations, the plan failed to reach it's objectives leading to it's cancellation in 1968. This was a win for communism as this was a turning point leading to the evacuation of us troops in Vietnam and led to Vietnam becoming communist.

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Aug 1968: Red Army crush Czechoslovakian revolt

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Aug 1968: Red Army crush Czechoslovakian revolt

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The Prague Spring of 1968 was a brief period of political reform in Czechoslovakia, led by Alexander Dubček, who sought to create a more democratic and open society. His government introduced greater freedoms, including free speech, media, and travel, alarming the Soviet Union. Fearing a loss of control, the Warsaw Pact forces invaded on August 20–21, 1968, crushing the movement. Despite nonviolent resistance, the occupation led to a return to strict communist rule. The Prague Spring became a lasting symbol of resistance, inspiring future movements like the Velvet Revolution of 1989 that ultimately ended communist rule in the country.

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Apollo 11 lands on the moon on July 20th 1969 

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Apollo 11 lands on the moon on July 20th 1969 

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The Apollo 11 moon landing on July 20, 1969, was a major victory for the United States in the Cold War's Space Race, proving its technological superiority over the Soviet Union. After years of competition, the achievement demonstrated that democracy and capitalism could drive innovation faster than communism, boosting U.S. global influence and national pride. It also shifted the focus of space exploration from rivalry to cooperation, eventually leading to joint missions between former enemies.

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Publications of the Pentagon papers 1971

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Publications of the Pentagon papers 1971

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In June 1971, the Pentagon Papers, a top-secret U.S. government study on the Vietnam War, were leaked by Daniel Ellsberg. The documents revealed that the U.S. government had misled the public and Congress about the war’s progress and intentions. The Nixon administration attempted to block publication, but the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the press, reinforcing freedom of the press. The leak fueled public distrust in the government and intensified opposition to the war.

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February 1972, President Richard Nixon made a historic visit to China, marking the first time a U.S. president had traveled to the People’s Republic of China. His trip ended 25 years of diplomatic isolation between the two nations and was a strategic move to improve relations with China while gaining leverage over the Soviet Union, The visit significantly altered the Cold War balance, driving a wedge between China and the Soviet Union and leading to formal diplomatic relations between the U.S. and China in 1979.

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The SALT I agreement, signed on May 26, 1972, between the United States and the Soviet Union, marked a significant step in Cold War diplomacy by limiting the number of strategic ballistic missile launchers each side could possess. It helped reduce tensions between the superpowers and established a framework for arms control, preventing an unchecked nuclear arms race. While it did not end competition, SALT I demonstrated that negotiation was possible, paving the way for future agreements like SALT II and START

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U.S supported coup overthrows chilean government Sept. 1973

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U.S supported coup overthrows chilean government Sept. 1973

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On September 11, 1973, the Chilean government led by President Salvador Allende was overthrown in a military coup orchestrated by General Augusto Pinochet. The coup ended Chile’s democratic socialist experiment and ushered in a 17-year military dictatorship. Allende died during the assault on the presidential palace, and the junta quickly banned political parties, suppressed opposition, and implemented free-market economic policies. The United States played a role in destabilizing Allende’s government, fearing the spread of socialism in Latin America. The coup remains one of the most significant events in Cold War history, marking a shift in Chile’s political landscape.

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The fall of the Berlin Wall on November 9, 1989, marked the end of Cold War divisions and symbolized the collapse of communist rule in Eastern Europe2. It led to German reunification and paved the way for democratic reforms across former Soviet-controlled nations. The event also signaled a shift in global politics, reducing tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union, and ultimately contributing to the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. The fall of the wall remains one of the most powerful moments in modern history, representing freedom and unity

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The German reunification on October 3, 1990, marked the official merging of East and West Germany, ending decades of division following World War II. The fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989 had already signaled the collapse of communist control in Eastern Europe, but reunification solidified Germany’s transition to democracy and capitalism. This event weakened the Soviet Union’s influence, as it lost a key ally in East Germany, and demonstrated the failure of communist regimes to sustain themselves. The reunification also accelerated the dissolution of the USSR in 1991, as other Soviet-controlled nations sought independence

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Aug, 1991: USSR dissolved - 15 Republics gain independence, including Russia. 

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Aug, 1991: USSR dissolved - 15 Republics gain independence, including Russia. 

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The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 marked the end of the Cold War and the dissolution of one of the world’s most powerful communist states. Economic struggles, political unrest, and Mikhail Gorbachev’s reforms—glasnost and perestroika weakened Soviet control. The failed coup against Gorbachev in August 1991 accelerated the decline, leading to the independence of Soviet republics. On December 25, 1991, Gorbachev resigned, and the USSR officially dissolved, leaving Russia and 14 other independent nations in its place. The collapse reshaped global politics, ending decades of U.S.-Soviet rivalry.

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Aug, 1991: USSR dissolved - 15 Republics gain independence, including Russia.

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Three aspects of rivalry mistrust and hostility that were short of military action are the space race, boycotting the Olympics, and the creation of Nato and the Warsaw pacts due to the understanding of M.A.D.

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Three aspects of rivalry mistrust and hostility that were short of military action are the space race, boycotting the Olympics, and the creation of Nato and the Warsaw pacts due to the understanding of M.A.D.

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Feb 22, 1980: US Hockey defeats USSR at winter olympics in Lake Placid, NY.

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Feb 22, 1980: US Hockey defeats USSR at winter olympics in Lake Placid, NY.

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Known as the Miracle on ice, on February 22, 1980, the United States hockey team pulled off one of the greatest upsets in sports history, defeating the Soviet Union 4–3 in the Winter Olympics at Lake Placid, New York. The heavily favored Soviet team had dominated international hockey for decades, but the young American squad, composed mostly of college players, stunned the world with their victory. symbolizing American resilience and Cold War tensions. The U.S. went on to win the gold medal after defeating Finland in their final match. The victory remains one of the most iconic moments in Olympic history.

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June-Aug 1980: US Boycotts Summer Olympics in Moscow

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June-Aug 1980: US Boycotts Summer Olympics in Moscow

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In 1980, the United States led a boycott of the Moscow Summer Olympics to protwst the Soviet Union’s invasion of Afghanistan. President Jimmy Carter pushed for the boycott, and 65 nations joined in refusing to participate. The move heightened Cold War tensions, demonstrating U.S. opposition to Soviet aggression while also sparking debates over the role of politics in sports. In response, the Soviet Union and its allies boycotted the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics, further deepening the tension between the two superpowers