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One contemporary example that shows Popular Sovereignty in action today is the concept of "active liberty" championed by former US Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer. Breyer argues that our constitutional order is legitimated through the concept of active citizen participation--his idea is intimately tied to the concept of popular sovereignty which believes that the legitimacy of government derives from the will of the people. The article I have included is a book review of Breyer's book entitled "Active Liberty."

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Consent of the Governed - The New York Times

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A definition (in your own words) of your assigned Principle.

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A definition (in your own words) of your assigned Principle.

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It means that the power come from the people and not only from the government. the people decide what happens and who is in power.

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2)2-4 Quotes from the Constitution that explain Popular Sovereignty

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2)2-4 Quotes from the Constitution that explain Popular Sovereignty

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This first quote is from the preamble of the constitution: "We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America."

This second quote is from the tenth amendment: "The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people."

The Preamble shows popular sovereignty because it begins with “We the People,” proving that the Constitution and government are created by the people. The Tenth Amendment shows popular sovereignty because it makes clear that power belongs to the people unless they specifically give it to the government.

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Limited government is a system that protects individual rights by preventing the government from having absolute power. The idea was inspired by the enlightenment movement, especially by John Locke who thought that the government should only protect natural laws. It can be enforced by a constitution, and by holding government officials accountable to the law.

Source : Yale University Press

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Article I Section 8

"The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general. Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States"

Amendment V

"The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people."

Article IV, Section 1

"Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the

public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may by general Laws prescribe the Manner in which such Acts, Records and Proceedings shall be proved, and the Effect thereof."

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This article talks about federalism under Donald Trump, and how lately, under his presidency, there has been conflict over the share of power between the federal government and the regional governments. It also talks about how the disagreement between some of the states and the president/federal government has caused a surge in the state government and laws.

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The unprecedented attacks on states’ rights jeopardize American federalism and the separation of powers across political jurisdictions.

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A government system that divides different functions and powers in three by using different branches  (legislative, executive, and judicial), to avoid some having more power than others. It is used it to ensure liberty and fairness.

2) 2-4 Quotes from the Constitution that explain your principle.

Article 1 section 1:

“The Legislative Vesting Clause, along with the coordinate Executive and Judicial Vesting Clauses, delineate the powers the Framers accorded to the National Government’s Legislative, Executive, and Judicial Branches.”

“The doctrine of separation of powers, which the Framers implemented in drafting the Constitution, was based on several generally held principles: the separation of government into three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial;”

“the concept that each branch performs unique and identifiable functions”

google.com/url?q=https://www.ncsl.org/about-state-legislatures/separation-of-powers-an-overview&sa=D&source=docs&ust=1759186264032748&usg=AOvVaw06xsLqbh3UwqnnfINrGbZg

google.com/url?q=https://www.ncsl.org/about-state-legislatures/separation-of-powers-an-overview&sa=D&source=docs&ust=1759186264032748&usg=AOvVaw06xsLqbh3UwqnnfINrGbZg

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Image found on Quizlet

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Quotes from the constitution about limited government

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Quotes from the constitution about limited government

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Article 1 section 9

The privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it.

No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed.

Amendment 1

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

Amendment 4

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

Amendment 5

No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

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Article showing a use of limited government

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Article showing a use of limited government

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This article shows an example of limited government because the government wanted to indict someone but couldn't because of the grand jury requirement in the fifth amendment.

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In this document, Gallup News analyzes the increasing divide between the Democratic and Republican(not to be confused with the principle of republicanism) parties in the US and its effects on legislation and general political cohesiveness. This also shows the conflict of this divide with the original concept of republicanism which was founded on a unified people and defending an entire populations' collective interests (depending on the era, of course).

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U.S. Political Parties Historically Polarized Ideologically

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While Americans’ overall ideology held steady in 2024, the shares of Republicans identifying as conservative and Democrats as liberal saw new highs.

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This article talks about how the Trump Administration is willing to change the separation of powers. It also gives examples of how the electoral branch's removal powers impact the separation of powers as well as examples with the Supreme Court.

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The Uncertain Future of the Separation of Powers | The Regulatory Review

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Peter M. Shane discusses recent expansions of presidential power.

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source: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Flawessential.com%2Fall-blogs%2Ff%2Fseparation-of-power%3Fblogcategory%3DConstitutional%2BLaw&psig=AOvVaw1UjjYmodMhEYlCd0I1kdt-&ust=1759375464205000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CBkQjhxqFwoTCMiSpMCGgpADFQAAAAAdAAAAABAE

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https://ajbulava.wordpress.com/2018/07/13/original-intent-part-iv-the-republican-form-of-government-2/