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Parent-Teacher Conferences: Guide for Parents - Child Mind Institute

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A school psychologist offers advice on nurturing this critical relationship between educators and parents when it comes to parent-teacher conferences.

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For many teachers, parent conferences are often accompanied by a sense of dread. There are the parents who push back on any critique, the ones who don't understand how to help, and the ones who never show. The meetings aren't that much easier for parents, who rush to squeeze them in on a workday or feel the teacher isn't understanding their child.

But parent-teacher meetings can be productive. We've gathered five common concerns-from both teachers' and parents' perspectives-and identified strategies to improve attendance, communication, and student outcomes.

Problem: It's difficult to get parents to show up.

Solution: There's possibly nothing more frustrating than parents who don't come to a conference or meeting at all.

According to a 2008 study from the U.S. Department of Education and the National Center for Education Statistics, more than one in five parents reported that they didn't regularly attend parent-teacher conferences.

In many cases, both parents work and it's challenging to schedule times that work for them, as most conferences are held in the afternoon, says Charles Saylors, former president of the National Parent Teacher Association (PTA), as reported by NPR. Saylors encourages scheduling morning and evening conferences when parents are out of work-or even visiting students' homes, if possible.

Guidance from George Hall Elementary in Mobile, Alabama, may help. Experiencing low attendance at larger family events, the school started looking more closely at families' needs and restrictions. Since many George Hall families work shifts, the school began hosting events near the start or end of shift times. The school held events from 4 to 6 p.m., so there was still enough light out for families to walk home afterward.

But sometimes parents simply forget. A range of education tech tools, like Remind and ClassDojo, now enable teachers to keep parents abreast of school and classroom happenings, which can provide the nudge parents need to remember. Many schools have found that quick text messages work just as well, and a number of services will translate texts into different languages.
Problem: Discussions of a student's performance leave a parent confused.
Solution: Quickly handing over a report card or assessments in a conference can leave parents uncertain of their child's performance-or how to help.

A practice used by Maureen Holt, a reading specialist at Humboldt Elementary School in Dewey-Humboldt, Arizona, may alleviate this issue.

Holt has found it helpful to share student data with parents regularly, not just at a conference or meeting. Every three weeks, she sends home data folders containing printouts about specific skills students are tested on, graphs showing how each student performed, and descriptions explaining the assessment data and any confusing terminology used to explain it.

Holt also hosts a data night at the beginning of the year at which she explains the folders to parents, and she schedules one-on-one parent meetings as needed or when requested throughout the year.
Problem: Parents have a hard time hearing negative feedback about their child.
Solution: The joke that parents think their kids are perfect does have some truth.

To handle tricky situations when you have to give negative feedback at conferences, an approach suggested by Joe Hirsch, a leadership coach and former curriculum developer, might help.

Hirsch recommends avoiding the "feedback sandwich" and instead following a framework of context, observations, emotions, value, and input. First, name the context-the time and place-where the problem occurs, like during small-group interactions. Next, share specific and objective observations about what happened. Then describe how the student's actions impact others emotionally and why that matters. Lastly, ask parents for input on how the issue can be resolved productively, so you approach the problem as partners.

Terri Eichholz, an elementary teacher of over 25 years, also suggests being proactive and getting ahead of the feedback. "Don't wait for problems to arise. Make it a point to communicate frequently and positively so that you have already developed a relationship before you hit bumps in the road," she says.

When parents are not native English speakers, there's a greater chance that feedback given during a conference may be misinterpreted or misunderstood. The video tool Spotlight, which translates report cards from English into other languages, helped Oakland Unified School District in California break down this barrier. Each video uses a parent's home language to explain report card terminology, highlight areas in which a student needs to improve and grow, and provide recommendations for how parents can help their child at home.
Problem: Students aren't getting the feedback on how they can improve.
Solution: There's no a guarantee that parents are actually sharing what they learn at a conference with their child.

To help students take ownership of their learning and keep lines of communication open between school and home, Wildwood IB World Magnet School, a K-8 public school in Chicago, has student-led conferences twice a year. Students present a portfolio of work to their parents and teacher, and respond to reflection prompts like, "I have been successful at..." and "I still need help with...." The week before the conference, students spend 10 to 15 minutes a day learning about what makes a good student-led conference and practicing their presentations.

And in student-led conferences at the middle school at University Park Campus School, a 7-12 public school in Worcester, Massachusetts, students share their strengths and weaknesses, set academic and behavior goals, and ask for support where needed. They use guided templates for creating the agenda, reflecting on how the meeting went, and making any needed changes by the follow-up meeting a few weeks later. In 11th grade, the student-led meetings are college and career focused. Students discuss their career interests and hopes for college, then create an action plan so they're ready to apply.

"School is not here to happen to students," says Dan St. Louis, University Park's principal. "They are an active participant."
Problem: Parents don't know how to help their kids improve.
Solution: Helping parents support their kids can be as simple as giving parents a handout-or it can mean an overhaul of the traditional parent-teacher conference.

While working as the director of community education in Creighton Elementary School District in Phoenix, Maria Paredes developed Academic Parent-Teacher Teams (APTT), a new take on parent-teacher conferences that is now used by schools all over the country.

In this model, all parents are brought together in a large group setting three times a year to discuss the entire class's academic data with the teacher. The goal is to get parents out of isolation and connect them to other parents who might be able to provide advice or the support they need to help their child. Parents also meet individually with the teacher to look over their child's performance, and then help create a 60-day academic plan for their child with specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and timely (SMART) goals for the student. The plan and the results are reviewed by parents, students, and the teacher during the year, with modifications made as necessary.

But sometimes a conference is just not enough time.

At Design 39 Campus, a K-8 public school in San Diego, conferences and quick exchanges with teachers proved insufficient for parents to feel confident to support their children's academic growth at home. In response, the school established parent workshops in which teachers invite parents into the classroom during the school day. Students share their work with their parents for the first half hour, and then teachers give a 30-minute presentation just for parents that builds on the work students are doing in school. Afterward, teachers provide related resources-games, websites, readings-that families can take home to use with their children.

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5 Strategies for a Successful Parent-Teacher Conference

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Parent-teacher conferences don't have to be such a headache. Educators weigh in on how to solve common problems.

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What Are Common Parent Workshop Topics? - Aspiring Teacher Guide

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Parent Mental Health Awareness Workshops: A Step-by-Step Guide

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Master how to organziae parent workshops for mental health awareness. Plan, design, and promote impactful events for your community.

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Family Connections Workshop Series for Staff and Parents | HeadStart.gov

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Explore these six workshops, three for professionals and three for parents. All of the workshops focus on knowledge and skills related to strengthening relationships with adults and children and promoting family well-being.

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ParentPowered - Evidence-Based Family Engagement

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The academic achievement connection

As the old adage goes, "It takes a village to raise a child," and in the realm of K-12 education, that adage couldn't be more accurate. Let's paint a vivid picture - a student who feels the unwavering support of both their school and family, like two sturdy pillars standing below their feet, providing encouragement, guidance, and collaboration. This student isn't just acing their academics; they're blossoming with personal growth and radiating self-assurance.

It's also vital to understand that academic achievement, social-emotional development, improved student mental health, and stronger social connections are the delicious fruit that this powerful collaboration bears.

Narrowing the achievement gap

With this in mind, let's shine a light on the notorious achievement gap, the disparity in academic performance between groups of students - a widespread challenge in our educational landscape. It's not just a theoretical concern; it's a real and tangible issue that needs to be addressed. With the strong backing of research from organizations like the National Committee for Citizens in Education, family engagement emerges as a bridge to close this gap.

When families actively join the educational journey of their child, it levels the playing field for students from diverse backgrounds, especially those who have been historically underserved. The achievement gap extends far beyond mere test scores; it's about ensuring all students have equal access to opportunities and resources. Family engagement's positive influence can do wonders in narrowing these educational disparities, guaranteeing every student, no matter where they come from, gets a fair chance at success.

Fostering family-school partnerships

School administrators, teachers, and staff play a key role, too. They are the architects of a friendly, engaging school environment where family-school partnerships can bloom, steadily closing the achievement gap while improving well-being, family relationships, and social-emotional skills.

Creating a unified school community

The success of family-school partnerships hinges on the collective efforts of school administrators, staff, and the broader school community. These key players work in unison to foster a nurturing and inclusive school climate. Here's a glimpse into how each member of the school community plays a unique part in enhancing engagement:

Creating pathways for effective engagement

Engaging families can be a multifaceted endeavor, considering the ever-busy schedules and varied backgrounds that families bring to the table. With the right strategies, the gap between home and school can be bridged effectively.

Communication strategies for effective family engagement

By acknowledging the diverse backgrounds and experiences of families, schools can recognize that not all parents have access to the same information. Establishing open lines of communication is key in fostering these relationships.

Here, we'll explore practical strategies your school community can implement to achieve just that.

We get it, introducing family engagement strategies in schools can seem like a tough task. But here's the good news: ParentPowered curricula align smoothly with the standards of all 50 states, ESSER, Title I, III, IV, and V, the Head Start Early Learning Outcomes Framework, PFCE Framework, and Quality Improvement initiatives. What's more, teachers won't have to add extra work to their load as the curriculum offers engaging activities for the entire family for them. It's a win-win. Take a look at these sample messages to see examples of the evidence-based learning activities families receive.

The value of face to face interaction

Parent-teacher conferences are invaluable opportunities for meaningful dialogue between educators and parents. These conferences enable parents to gain insights into their child's school life, from their A+ moments to areas that could use a little extra love. Beyond grades, conferences can also provide a platform for parents to express their thoughts and ideas. So, it's crucial for school administrators to organize and encourage these conferences to ensure that they are accessible and convenient for all families.

Consider these helpful tips for successful, inclusive conferences at your school:

Here, educators can breathe life into dynamic information sessions and workshops. By taking the school to the community, educators can engage parents in familiar and comfortable settings, making it easier for them to participate actively in their children's education.

Moreover, it's all about embracing the magic of informal moments. School events like sporting matches, school plays, and extracurricular activities provide casual yet valuable opportunities for parents to interact with teachers and school staff. It's in these spontaneous interactions that partnerships come to life.

Empowering all families: equitable approaches to family engagement

Research shows that families, especially those from underserved communities, often encounter various barriers when trying to participate in their children's education. These barriers can range from limited access to transportation, busy work schedules, or unfamiliarity with school processes due to cultural differences.

Family engagement strategies for schools that center equity

Family-school partnerships for equity involve collaborative efforts aimed at leveling the educational playing field. For instance, schools can organize regular meetings where parents and teachers discuss strategies to help struggling students. These partnerships may also encompass community involvement, where local organizations provide resources like tutoring or mentoring programs, ensuring that all students have access to support beyond the classroom.

In these partnerships, families aren't just bystanders; they're the driving force. They actively participate in school decisions, influencing curriculum choices, and contributing to the creation of a more inclusive, diverse, and vibrant learning environment.

Overcoming common barriers to engagement

When it comes to developing family engagement strategies, one size does not fit all. It is important to adopt innovative and equitable approaches that consider the unique challenges families may face. Removing barriers to engagement is paramount, ensuring that all families, regardless of their circumstances, can actively participate in their children's education.
Communication Tools School Accessibility
Another important factor in equitable family engagement is recognizing the diverse cultural background of families. Cultural diversity can impact the way families engage with schools. That's where cultural responsiveness comes into play.

The power of cultural responsiveness in family engagement

Every family brings their own unique cultural backgrounds, values, and ways of communicating to the educational journey. These differences can have a big impact on how families and schools interact, how they see the education system, and how involved they are in their child's learning. But here's the thing: research tells us that acknowledging and respecting these cultural nuances is vital for meaningful family engagement.

Cultivating cultural responsiveness

Prominent scholar Dr. Karen Mapp, known for her work at the Harvard Graduate School of Education, stresses the pivotal role of cultural responsiveness in family engagement. Her research emphasizes building collaborative relationships between schools and culturally diverse families.

To put Mapp's insights into practical use, schools can consider initiatives such as a culturally inclusive curriculum that integrates diverse cultural perspectives, thereby honoring family knowledge and traditions. Additionally, creating opportunities for parents to share their cultural expertise during school events, like international festivals or heritage days, can foster authentic parental involvement in shaping school programs and activities. This approach ensures that cultural diversity is not only acknowledged but actively embraced within the school environment.

Remember, culturally responsive family engagement is not about knowing everything about a community's culture but rather being aware of the need for cultural sensitivity, curiosity, and openness. Specific training for school staff can help build cultural proficiency and create a school culture where diversity is valued.

Empowering student success through family engagement: your next steps

Now, you might be wondering, "Where do I start?" We understand that implementing these strategies can be challenging. That's why we're here to assist you. ParentPowered offers evidence-based family engagement programs designed to facilitate the journey toward student achievement.

About the author
Megan Okrand is a former High School History teacher turned writer taking her passion for education outside of the classroom and onto the World Wide Web. Connect with her on LinkedIn.

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12 Practical Family Engagement Strategies for Schools

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When paired with ParentPowered programs, these hands-on family engagement strategies for schools give your students and community a boost.

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How to Conduct Workshops for Early Childhood Families

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How to Conduct Workshops for Early Childhood Families

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How to Conduct a Workshop for Early Years Parents

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Parent Workshops: Strengthening the Learning Community

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Supporting Families to Boost Students’ Success

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Family Engagement with Schools: Strategies to Build Strong Partnerships

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Removing Language barriers for caregivers

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Removing Language barriers for caregivers

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Parent Changemaker: Fighting to Remove Language Barriers for Families

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Removing Barriers - How a rural school uses a food club to combat food insecurity, teach life skills

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Working with families with trauma histories

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Working with families with trauma histories

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Ways to help families with generational poverty

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Ways to help families with generational poverty

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Edutopia is a free source of information, inspiration, and practical strategies for learning and teaching in preK-12 education. We are published by the George Lucas Educational Foundation, a nonprofit, nonpartisan organization.

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Promoting Inclusivity in Education: 7 Key Strategies for Supporting the LGBTQ+ Community - Effective School Solutions

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Wondering how you can support the LGBTQ+ community in your schools? Read our 7 key strategies to promote inclusivity.

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Supporting Our Immigrant, Refugee, and Undocumented Students & Families - Puget Sound Educational Service District 121

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Supporting Our Immigrant, Refugee, and Undocumented Students & Families - Puget Sound Educational Service District (PSESD) is striving to become an Antiracist Multicultural Organization. PSESD is one of nine regional educational agencies serving school di

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The US school system-recently immigrated families

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The US school system-recently immigrated families

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How to Navigate the U.S. Education System as an Immigrant Parent

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Tips for working with immigrant families 

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Tips for working with immigrant families 

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Engaging Immigrant Families: Strategies and Tools for Early Childhood Educators

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504 Evaluation Process: What Parents NEED to Know to Get a 504 Plan

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Complex to Simple: Special Needs Parenting Support

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Do THIS Before the IEP: 5 Tips for Parents Before EVERY IEP Meeting

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20 Ways to help your child success at school!

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As a parent, you are your child's first and most important teacher. When parents and families are involved in their children's schools, the children do better and have better feelings about going to school. In fact, many studies show that what the family does is more important to a child's school success than how much money the family makes or how much education the parents have. There are many ways that parents can support their children's learning at home and throughout the school year. Here are some ideas to get you started!

Develop a partnership with your child's teachers and school staff

1. Meet your child's teacher. As soon as the school year starts, try to find a way to meet your child's teacher. Let the teacher know you want to help your child learn. Make it clear that you want the teacher to contact you if any problems develop with your child. Talk with your child's teacher offers some great tips for developing a partnership with your child's teacher.

If you feel uncomfortable speaking English, don't let a language barrier stop you. What you have to say is more important than the language you say it in! Ask the school to find someone who can interpret for you. There may be a teacher or parent liaison who can help. Or you can bring a bilingual friend or relative with you.

2. Get to know who's who at your child's school. There are many people at your child's school who are there to help your child learn, grow socially and emotionally, and navigate the school environment. Who's Who at Your Child's School describes the responsibilities of teachers, administrators, and district staff. Each school is different but this article will offer a general introduction to personnel of your child's school.

3. Attend parent-teacher conferences and keep in touch with your child's teacher. Schools usually have one or two parent-teacher conferences each year. You can bring a friend to interpret for you or ask the school to provide an interpreter. You can also ask to meet with your child's teacher any time during the year. If you have a concern and can't meet face-to-face, send the teacher a short note or set up a time to talk on the phone. For more ideas about how to prepare for parent-teacher conferences, see Tips for Successful Parent-Teacher Conferences at Your Child's School.

Support your child academically

4. Find out how your child is doing. Ask the teacher how well your child is doing in class compared to other students. If your child is not keeping up, especially when it comes to reading, ask what you or the school can do to help. It's important to act early before your child gets too far behind. Also be sure to review your child's report card each time it comes out. For more information, see How To Know When Your Child Needs Extra Help.

5. Apply for special services if you think your child may need it. If your child is having problems with learning, ask the school to evaluate your child in his or her strongest language. The teacher might be able to provide accommodations for your child in class. If the school finds out your child has a learning disability, he can receive extra help at no cost. For more information, see Where To Go For Help.

6. Make sure that your child gets homework done. Let your child know that you think education is important and that homework needs to be done each day. You can help your child with homework by setting aside a special place to study, establishing a regular time for homework, and removing distractions such as the television and social phone calls during homework time. Helping Your Child With Homework offers some great ideas for ensuring that your child gets homework done.

If you are reluctant to help your child with homework because you feel that you don't know the subject well enough or because you don't speak or read English, you can help by showing that you are interested, helping your child get organized, providing the necessary materials, asking your child about daily assignments, monitoring work to make sure that it is completed, and praising all of your child's efforts. Remember that doing your child's homework for him won't help him in the long run.

7. Find homework help for your child if needed. If it is difficult for you to help your child with homework or school projects, see if you can find someone else who can help. Contact the school, tutoring groups, after school programs, churches, and libraries. Or see if an older student, neighbor, or friend can help.

8. Help your child prepare for tests. Tests play an important role in determining a students grade. Your child may also take one or more standardized tests during the school year, and your child's teacher may spend class time on test preparation throughout the year. As a parent, there are a number of ways that you can support your child before and after taking a standardized test, as well as a number of ways you can support your child's learning habits on a daily basis that will help her be more prepared when it's time to be tested. Learn more standardized tests and general test-taking in How to Help Your Child Prepare for Standardized Tests.

Get involved with your child's school

9. Learn what the school offers. Read the information the school sends home, and ask to receive information in your native language if necessary. Talk to other parents to find out what programs the school offers. Maybe there's a music program, after-school activity, sports team, or tutoring program your child would enjoy. Remember to keep track of events throughout the school year.

10. Volunteer at your child's school and/or join your school's parent-teacher group. Teachers appreciate it when parents help out at the school! There are many ways you can contribute. You can volunteer in your child's class or in the school library. You can make food for a school event. If you work during the day, you can attend "parents' night" activities or your child's performances. At most schools, a group of parents meets regularly to talk about the school. This group is usually called the PTA or PTO. The meetings give you a good chance to talk with other parents and to work together to improve the school. How to Get Involved in Your Child's School Activities offers some more ideas that you can get involved, especially for busy parents.

Get informed and be an advocate for your child

11. Ask questions. If something concerns you about your child's learning or behavior, ask the teacher or principal about it and seek their advice. Your questions may be like these - What specific problem is my child having with reading? What can I do to help my child with this problem? How can I stop that bully from picking on my son? How can I get my child to do homework? Which reading group is my child in?

12. Learn about your rights. It's important to know what your rights are as the parent regarding special services, English instruction, immigration status, and more. Learn more in Your Rights as the Parent of a Public School Student.

13. Let the school know your concerns. Is your child doing well in school? Is he or she having trouble learning, behaving, or studying? Is there a problem with another student, teacher, or administrator? If you have a concern, How to Let the School Know About Your Concerns describes some steps to take.

Support your child's learning at home

14. Demonstrate a positive attitude about education to your children. What we say and do in our daily lives can help them to develop positive attitudes toward school and learning and to build confidence in themselves as learners. Showing our children that we both value education and use it in our daily lives provides them with powerful models and contributes greatly to their success in school.

In addition, by showing interest in their children's education, parents and families can spark enthusiasm in them and lead them to a very important understanding-that learning can be enjoyable as well as rewarding and is well worth the effort required.

15. Monitor your child's television, video game, and Internet use. American children on average spend far more time watching TV, playing video games and using the Internet than they do completing homework or other school-related activities. How to Monitor TV Viewing and Video Game Playing and Help Your Child Learn to Use the Internet Properly and Effectively offer some ideas for helping your child use the media effectively.

16. Encourage your child to read. Helping your child become a reader is the single most important thing that you can do to help the child to succeed in school-and in life. The importance of reading simply can't be overstated. Reading helps children in all school subjects. More important, it is the key to lifelong learning. Learn more in Fun Reading Tips and Activities and Fun and Effective Ways to Read with Children.

17. Talk with your child. Talking and listening play major roles in children's school success. It's through hearing parents and family members talk and through responding to that talk that young children begin to pick up the language skills they will need if they are to do well. For example, children who don't hear a lot of talk and who aren't encouraged to talk themselves often have problems learning to read, which can lead to other school problems. In addition, children who haven't learned to listen carefully often have trouble following directions and paying attention in class. It's also important for you to show your child that you're interested in what he has to say. Talking With Your Child offers some great ideas for using conversation to stimulate language development.

18. Encourage your child to use the library. Libraries are places of learning and discovery for everyone. Helping your child find out about libraries will set him on the road to being an independent learner. Remember that libraries also offer a quiet place for students to complete homework, and are often open in the evening. Learn more about resources for students in Library Services for School-Aged Children.

19. Encourage your child to be responsible and work independently. Taking responsibility and working independently are important qualities for school success. You can help your child to develop these qualities by establish reasonable rules that you enforce consistently, making it clear to your child that he has to take responsibility for what he does, both at home and at school, showing your child how to break a job down into small steps, and monitor what your child does after school, in the evenings and on weekends. If you can't be there when your child gets home, give her the responsibility of checking in with you by phone to discuss her plans. Learn more in Encourage Responsibility, Independence, and Active Learning.

20. Encourage active learning. Children need active learning as well as quiet learning such as reading and doing homework. Active learning involves asking and answering questions, solving problems and exploring interests. Active learning also can take place when your child plays sports, spends time with friends, acts in a school play, plays a musical instrument or visits museums and bookstores. To promote active learning, listen to your child's ideas and respond to them. Let him jump in with questions and opinions when you read books together. When you encourage this type of give-and-take at home, your child's participation and interest in school is likely to increase.

Recommended Resource from Understood.org

For more great ideas, take a look at the bilingual resources on Partnering with Your Child's School from Understood.org, a free website focused on learning and attention issues.

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Twenty Ways You Can Help Your Children Succeed At School

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As a parent, you are your child's first and most important teacher. When parents and families are involved in their children's schools, the children do better and have better feelings about going to school. In fact, many studies show that what the family does is more important to a child's school success than how much money the family makes or how much education the parents have.

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Tips for families. How can you support your child in public school?

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Tips for Parents | Washington State Governor’s Office of the Education Ombuds

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Explore your child's schooling options!

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We’ll guide you through seven types of Washington school choice and provide education resources and news to help you make informed decisions.

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Let’s Talk About Teacher Mental Health – Mental Health Advice For Education

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How we can support educators' mental health this academic year

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Better Support for Teachers’ Mental Health

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Behind every lesson plan and classroom success is a teacher carrying the weight of long hours, emotional demands, and growing expectations. Yet, while we count on teachers to shape future generations…

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Supporting Teachers With Anxiety and Depression

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Administrators can create a environment that helps all teachers feel a sense of belonging, even when they are struggling with stress, anxiety, or depression.

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Teachers: Protecting Your Mental Health | Mental Health America

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According to several studies and reports, teaching is one of the most stressful jobs in the country. The American Federation of Teachers’ 2017 Educator Quality of Work Life Survey found that 61 percent of teachers said their jobs were always or often stressful—more than double the rate of non-teaching working adults—and 58 percent said they had poor mental health due to stress levels [1]. That was before the COVID-19 pandemic hit, and since then, the transition to online learning, debates over reopening, and individual safety concerns are making teachers’ mental health worse. [2]

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School can be a joyful place for many students, full of growth, friendship, learning and connection. But at the same time, students can experience a lot of negative influences on their mental wellbeing during the school day. Bullying, social media , academic stress and prejudice can all make it difficult for youth to do well and thrive both in and out of the classroom.

Teachers can be some of the most impactful people in the lives of children and teens, with numerous opportunities to positively impact their students' mental health. Here are some smart, actionable strategies for educators to better support student mental health in Kentucky.

1. Create a Safe and Supportive Classroom Environment

The classroom needs to be a safe space where students can have the opportunity to learn and feel comfortable. As a teacher, it's important to encourage open communication and set a precedent for mutual respect. Be intentionally inclusive of students regardless of their race, ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic situation, learning differences or sexual orientation. This lays the groundwork for students to interact with kindness towards each other, too.

Ideas for a Supportive Classroom Environment:

Create calming zones for students to use when they need a break, like a cozy corner for silent reading or a table set aside for free art and writing.

Partner with your students to create classroom rules that promote respect

Teach students to speak up for one another if they see someone being treated unfairly or unkindly.

Be accommodating of learning disabilities or sensory issues by adapting assignments and activities for students who need it, or keeping the lights dim and any music or noise quieter.

2. Build Strong Relationships with Students

Building strong relationships with your students goes hand-in-hand with creating a classroom environment where they feel safe and supported! If a student feels like their teacher genuinely listens to them and cares about not just their academic success, but them as a person, they are more likely to do well and have a positive impression of their school days.

Show interest in students' lives, listen actively and validate feelings. This builds trust and helps students see you as their advocate!

Ideas for Building Relationships:

Learn the names of students' parents, siblings and pets.

Pay attention to which subjects and learning methods each student prefers.

Have quality time incentives, like taking the whole class to the field for a spontaneous game of kickball or planning a field trip if all students maintain passing grades by the end of the semester.

Write encouraging notes on assignments, affirming students when you notice them trying their best.

Have a pause in the school day to celebrate each student's birthday (don't forget to include winter break and summer vacation birthdays too!)

3. Recognize Signs of Stress or Mental Health Challenges

Every student is different, and you may not know what they are experiencing outside of the classroom. As a teacher, you can make a difference by watching for signs of stress or mental health challenges in your students' behaviors and intervening to help them get the help they need if necessary. Here are some signs you may notice during the school day that a student is struggling with high stress or other mental health difficulties:

Withdrawal from classmates and classroom activities

Sudden changes in behavior, like becoming more emotional or aggressive

Difficulty concentrating during lessons

Falling asleep in class or other signs of physical exhaustion

A sudden drop in grades

Lack of classroom participation (when they previously were more engaged)

4. Incorporate Social-Emotional Learning (SEL) Activities

Whether you're an elementary school teacher who is with your class all day or a high school teacher who only gets a group of students for an hour at a time, social-emotional learning (SEL) activities are a great way to take breaks between lessons and encourage good mental health throughout the school day. These could be mindfulness exercises, journaling breaks or a daily check-in before starting the lesson or school day.

Mindfulness exercises, journaling or check-in circles. Find resources for new ideas, and talk about how these can be valuable at any age.

Ideas for SEL Activities:

5. Encourage Healthy Routines and Self-Care

While you can't monitor every aspect of every student's lifestyle, there are things you can do as their teacher to encourage healthy routines and self-care in the classroom. Taking breaks between lessons (or even in the middle of a lesson!) can help students not feel mentally fatigued and learn that it's okay to take time to relax. Here are a few more ideas for encouraging self-care in the classroom:

Have a five-minute dance break

Keep a bag of soft indoor snowballs in your desk and toss them at students to start a spontaneous "snowball fight"

Have combs, toothbrushes and other simple hygiene products to give out (privately) if a student seems to be struggling with hygiene maintenance

Keep an open dialogue with school counselors or social workers if a student in your classroom seems to need additional support with personal care

6. Collaborate with Families and Caregivers

Always communicate with parents and caregivers, especially if you have concerns about their student. Families don't see the day-to-day at school and may not notice as soon as you do that their child needs support. You can be an advocate for their child's wellbeing by providing resources and working together to develop a plan that supports the student both at school and at home.

Ways to Include Families and Caregivers:

7. Know When and How to Refer for Additional Support

If a student could benefit from additional support, KVC Kentucky's Behavioral Health Services offer professional care tailored to youth, individuals and families. Learn more and make a referral here .

What Happens at School Doesn't Stay at School

Every experience a student has during their school day has a chance to make a positive or negative impact on their life, and every encouraging word or show of support helps. By implementing these strategies and being intentional as a teacher, you can help your students thrive academically, socially and emotionally.

If you're looking for even more strategies and insights to help your students, take a look at KVC Kentucky's resources to support student mental health in Kentucky.

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7 Classroom Strategies That Strengthen Students' Mental Health

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Teachers play a critical role in student wellbeing. Learn practical ways educators can support student mental health in Kentucky schools.

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Supporting Students in Distress | Student Mental Health Matters | PBS LearningMedia

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Teachers can be great sources of support for students in distress. In this video from Classroom WISE, teachers describe how they initiate a conversation, listen non-judgmentally, provided reassurance, and come up with plans to support students.

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5 Ways Schools Can Support Mental Health

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5 Ways Schools Can Support Mental Health

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5 Ways Schools Can Better Support Student Mental Health

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Research Paper (Supporting Mental Health in Schools)

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Research Paper (Supporting Mental Health in Schools)

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8 Strategies for Supporting Mental Health (Adults & Kids)

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8 Strategies for Supporting Mental Health (Adults & Kids)

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Eight Strategies For Supporting Student Mental Health in Schools | MaiaLearning

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Useful education updates from MaiaLearning

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As an educator in the classroom and a former principal on the South Side of Chicago, I've seen firsthand the challenges that students and staff alike face. American Education Week provides a crucial opportunity to shed light on an issue that continues to be ignored: the need to support the mental health of both students and educators.

In schools, the traditional focus on academic achievement must evolve to include the holistic well-being of everyone who walks through those doors. The American education system needs to be full of mental health champions. And it can be. Below are a few simple ways that school boards, administrators, and communities can invest in creating a healthy and thriving school environment for students and staff alike.
Supporting Students' Mental Health

Cultivate a Safe, Structured, and Inclusive Environment: Invest in a school environment where students feel safe and valued. Foster an inclusive atmosphere, free from discrimination and harm. Creating this kind of environment provides structure and routine for students. Trust is started early in the school year as a result. In addition, implementing programs and workshops that promote diversity, equity, and inclusion can make a significant difference for staff.

Encourage Open Communication: Students deserve a safe space to discuss their feelings and concerns. Students thrive in a predictable and reliable learning environment. Foster open dialogue by establishing peer support systems, counseling services, and mental health resources. By normalizing conversations around mental health, students will be more likely to reach out when they need assistance.

Incorporate Mindfulness and Stress-Reduction Techniques: Teach students techniques for managing stress and anxiety. Simple practices like mindfulness meditation, deep breathing exercises, or yoga can go a long way in helping students cope with the pressures of academic life.

Supporting Educators' Mental Health

Offer Professional Development and Training: Equip staff with the knowledge and skills they need to address students' mental health and ways they can support their own. Training on recognizing signs of distress, offering support, and managing their well-being will equip teachers to conquer the challenges they endure. Engage in innovative thinking when it comes to staff wellness events. Occasionally, set aside professional development time and invite staff to participate in a wellness activity.

Create a Supportive Work Environment: A school's leadership plays a significant role in creating a supportive atmosphere for staff. Encourage collaboration, flexibility, and work-life balance. Acknowledge and celebrate their achievements regularly.

Provide Access to Resources: Ensure that teachers have access to mental health resources and support networks. Establish a confidential avenue for seeking help and counseling services. Let them know that their mental health matters and that seeking help is not a sign of weakness. In preparation for this, understand the mental health offerings available through health benefits, city/state resources, and beyond, and then share them with your staff.

Schools can no longer afford to focus solely on academics and student achievement while ignoring the mental health of both students and staff. The burdens of everyday life that we all carry do not disappear when we enter the school building. Students must learn, and teachers must teach, but these responsibilities aren't a license to ignore the critical need to address mental well-being.

No longer are Teacher Appreciation Week festivities or dress-down days enough to support our educators. The challenges we face are beyond teacher burnout and the setbacks brought on by the pandemic. We are facing a crisis that demands immediate attention. Our teachers and students need more support from local school districts, state officials, and our federal government. It's time to prioritize mental health in education, not just for one week, but as an ongoing commitment to the well-being of our community. Together, we can make a difference and provide the support our students and staff deserve.

Engage in practices to support mental health in your school: foster open dialogue, advocate for mental health resources, use stress reduction strategies, and push your school to prioritize well-being.

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Mental Health in Schools: How to Support Students AND Educators

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Active Minds mobilizes young adults to lead a transformative movement in mental health, forever changing how it is valued and prioritized in society.

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Supporting Mental Health (for teachers) pt. 2

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Supporting Mental Health (for teachers) pt. 2

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A Guide for Teachers: How To Improve Mental Health in School

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In today’s fast-paced and demanding educational landscape, educators must prioritize the mental well-being of their students if they want to improve student outcomes.

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Young people today show troubling signs of declining mental health, and more than half of children with mental health issues have an unmet need for mental health care. Schools rely on school counselors, psychologists, and community mental health providers to support students’ mental health; however, their ability to provide needed supports is strained.

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Adolescence can be exciting and challenging at the same time. It's when teens undergo many changes in their bodies and try to establish their independence and identity. This life stage makes them prone to experiencing strong and negative feelings[*].

During difficult situations, coping skills for teens will minimize their stress. Coping healthily helps them feel better, function well at home and in school, and transition successfully into adulthood.

101 Best Coping Skills for Teens

Our coping strategies for teens include physical exercises, games, positive affirmations, and relaxation techniques. Instruct a teen to spend time each day practicing these skills and use them more often.

1. Bake - Baking is a mindfulness activity. It allows teens to express themselves.

2. Blow bubbles - This is a breathing exercise that brings them to a state of calmness[*].

3. Brainstorm solutions - Encourage them to think of 3-5 ideas to tackle their own problem. You can also brainstorm together.

4. Build something - Cool DIY ideas include a ship in a bottle and a catapult!

5. Call a friend - Good friends serve as stress buffers.

6. Clean or organize your bedroom - It's no secret that the appearance of a messy bedroom creates more mental stress.

7. Close your eyes and relax - Think of peaceful images, such as a waterfall or a sunset.

8. Color - Coloring books aren't just for kids!

9. Compliment someone - Here's a nice thing to say to a friend: "You are always so helpful!"

10. Cook dinner for your family - Explore quick and easy dinners. For example, chicken and veggies stir-fry or chicken tenders.

11. Count to 100 or 1000 - Teens can use this especially when they feel very overwhelmed and panicky.

12. Cry it out - Crying in upsetting situations helps reduce the intensity of one's emotions. A study also showed that crying makes a person feel better when they have a close friend nearby[*].

13. Dance - Dance off stress with your favorite happy song in the background.

14. Daydream - Imagine your dreams coming true. Think about a vacation spot on your wishlist!

15. Do a puzzle - You'll be able to find lots of stress relief puzzles online, from 300-piece to 1,000-piece puzzles. Puzzles are one of the best brain exercises.

16. Do a word search puzzle - Word search puzzles won't only improve your teen's vocabulary, but they also improve their problem-solving skills.

17. Don't be so hard on yourself - Instead, practice self-compassion. Give yourself a gentle hug!

18. Draw - Teens who are stuck in repetitive thoughts can sketch or doodle to relax their minds.

19. Drink hot tea - Teas that help with anxiety include peppermint and chamomile.

20. Eat healthy foods - Avoid highly processed foods, especially those that are full of sugar.

21. Engage in a hobby - Is your teen passionate about playing a musical instrument? Photography? Collecting coins? Encourage these fun hobbies.

22. Exercise - Any form of exercise, such as biking, running, or swimming benefits their mental health.

23. Feel your pulse - This brings awareness to their heart rate, especially when they're feeling on edge.

24. Forgive someone - Forgiveness is positively associated with reduced anxiety and depression[*].

25. Garden - Encourage your teen to help a senior manage their gardens or help your community garden!

26. Get a drink of water - Or try lemon water for a boost of vitamin C!

27. Get a good night's sleep - Helpful sleep tips for teens include spending 1 hour before bedtime listening to calming music.

28. Get a hug - Interpersonal touch reduces feelings of loneliness.

29. Get out in the sun - Exposing themselves to natural sunlight boosts vitamin D, which is essential for mental health[*].

30. Get up and move around - Run, dance, or do a household chore.

31. Go fishing - Take your teen fishing as a way to detox digitally and appreciate nature.

32. Go for a brisk walk - All they need is a pair of sneakers!

33. Go for a hike - Make hiking even more fun with trail games.

34. Go for a jog - Parents can turn jogging with their teens into a regular form of exercise for mental and physical health.

35. Go swimming - Play some swimming games too, such as scavenger hunt.

36. Go to a movie - Or make it a family movie night at home with some healthy snacks.

37. Go to a park - This is a great alternative to video games.

38. Go to the library - Teens who love reading as a hobby can exercise their brains by exploring books in the library while also reducing their stress.

39. Laugh - Send your teen a funny quote to make them laugh.

40. Learn something new - This allows teens to advance their skills, which increases their self-confidence.

41. Limit caffeine - Caffeine can be found not just in coffee, but also energy drinks.

42. Listen to birds - Or play a "3-hour relaxing music with birds singing in the background" if your teen is at home.

43. Listen to music - The best music for lowering stress is one that has no lyrics.

44. List your positive qualities - Positive traits include humble, respectful, and proactive.

45. Make a collage - This activity is a creative way to express their thoughts, feelings, and goals in life.

46. Massage your neck and shoulders - Massage is a natural stress-reliever.

47. Meditate - This controls racing thoughts. Explore some meditation apps to download.

48. Paint outside - Let them paint rocks and vases!

49. Pet an animal - Pets, such as dogs and cats, provide social interaction and emotional support.

50. Play a card game - This gives them a good mental challenge and distracts them from anxious thoughts.

51. Play a sport - The best sports for teens include basketball, swimming, golf, and football.

52. Play music on an instrument - Guitar is the most popular instrument, but they can also learn to play the violin, piano, and drums.

53. Practice mindfulness - Mindfulness techniques, such as journaling and writing a gratitude list, bring them back to the present moment.

54. Practice tai chi or qi gong - These are mind-body practices that do not only improve mood, but also strength and flexibility.

55. Practice yoga - Calming yoga poses include the Cat-Cow Pose and the Reclining Bound Angle Pose.

56. Read inspirational quotes - For example, "Make happiness a priority and be gentle with yourself in the process."

57. Replace negative thoughts with positive thoughts - To do this, teens can ask themselves, "What would I say to my best friend in this situation?"

58. Ride a bike - Take them to a bike park.

59. Rip up newspaper - Any sheet of paper also works.

60. Say YES to social opportunities - Encouraging your teen to volunteer together with their friends is one way they can solve problems and make a positive difference in the world.

61. Sing a song - Choose songs that soothe the soul.

62. Spend time in nature - Visit a local nature site. Eat a healthy meal in the garden. Do yoga in the park.

63. Squeeze ice - Here's one of the coping skills for teenagers that prevent panic attacks.

64. Stargaze - Also, they can take a picture of the night sky and paint it.

65. Stretch - Stretching relieves muscle tension caused by stress and anger.

66. Take a break - There are many ways for teens to take a break from stressful thoughts, such as turning off their phones, drinking a glass of water, and playing solitaire.

67. Take a cold shower - Cold showers have an anti-depressive effect[*].

68. Take a nap - Limit their nap to 20 minutes to avoid interrupted sleep at night.

69. Take a warm bath - Help your teen out by adding epsom salts and essential oils into their bath.

70. Take pictures - Fun and interesting photoshoot ideas include rain portraits and cityscapes.

71. Take three deep belly breaths - It's a simple way for teens to relax no matter the time and place.

72. Talk to someone you trust - Qualities of a trustworthy friend include honesty, attentiveness, and dependability.

73. Tell yourself, "I can be patient in this moment." - You can also talk about the benefits of patience and how it helps them become a successful adult.

74. Tell yourself, "I can find the humor here." - One way that parents can encourage humor is by practicing it at home.

75. Tell yourself, "I can handle this." - Parents can also remind their teens of their strengths, such as resourcefulness and resilience.

76. Tell yourself, "I got this." - Believing in themselves will motivate them to take positive action.

77. Tell yourself, "I have faith this will work out." - Do this instead of dwelling on the reasons why something won't work out.

78. Tell yourself, "I'm in control of myself." - In addition, they can engage in simple self-care strategies, such as going out for a walk, taking a 20-minute nap, and eating a healthy snack.

79. Tell yourself, "I'm letting this one go." - This gives teens a feeling of personal freedom. In contrast, holding on to pain has negative consequences.

80. Tell yourself, "I'm not going to let this get to me." - This doesn't mean ignoring problems, but rather to accept, stop complaining about them, and focusing on the present.

81. Tell yourself, "Relax, it's okay." - They can also practice relaxation strategies like deep breathing and visualization.

82. Tell yourself, "Something good will come from this" - This encourages teens to remain hopeful. It reduces their fears.

83. Tell yourself, "What can I learn from this situation?" - This encourages teenagers to grow from challenges.

84. Tense and relax your muscles - This is a progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) technique to reduce feelings of tension. It also helps with sleep.

85. Think of a peaceful place - Or they could create their own peaceful place at home!

86. Think of three things you are grateful for - Gratitude makes life so much better.

87. Unplug from electronics - A review paper found that the excessive use of digital technology decreases a teenager's well-being[*].

88. Use a relaxation app - Try downloading popular apps like Calm and Headspace.

89. Use a stress ball - Some stress balls have positive quotes written on them!

90. Use essential oils - Lavender and jasmine are popular essential oils.

91. Visualize yourself calming down - Be as specific as possible. They can also imagine themselves calming down in a quiet and peaceful environment.

92. Volunteer - Volunteer ideas for teens include helping younger students with their homework and donating their time at an animal shelter.

93. Watch an inspirational movie - Has your teen watched "The Pursuit of Happyness?" Try it.

94. Watch funny YouTube videos - Try searching for "funny animals" or "cute babies."

95. Watch the sunset - Pack a picnic, too!

96. Write a letter - This lets teens put their experience into perspective.

97. Write a list of your top ten coping skills - This can include talking with a trusted friend and taking their dog out for a walk.

98. Write a poem - This can be an opportunity to discuss their thoughts and feelings on a topic that concerns them the most.

99. Write down current and future goals - Also, explain the difference between short-term and long-term goals.

100. Write in a journal - They can write about their most recent challenge and brainstorm healthy ways to overcome it.

101. Yell into a pillow - Screaming into a pillow helps a teen let their anger out without harming others.

Download our 101 Coping Skills for Teens

Did you enjoy this list? Get our coping mechanisms for teens in a PDF format. You can print it and hang it on your teen's wall as a reminder to practice these skills. Download it now!

1. American Psychological Association. Teens

2. Janz P, Dawe S, Wyllie M. Mindfulness-Based Program Embedded Within the Existing Curriculum Improves Executive Functioning and Behavior in Young Children: A Waitlist Controlled Trial. 2019 September 10

3. American Psychological Association. Why we cry. 2014 February

4. American Psychological Association. Forgiveness can improve mental and physical health. 2017 January

5. Penckofer S, Kouba J, Byrn M et al. Vitamin D and Depression: Where is all the Sunshine? 2011 June 01

6. Shevchuk N. Adapted cold shower as a potential treatment for depression. 2007 November 13

7. Dienlin T, Johannes N. The impact of digital technology use on adolescent well-being . 2022 June

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Discover these coping skills for teens who may be dealing with stress and anxiety related to school demands, problems with friends, and other triggers. We also provide a printable version of these skills that you can download right away.

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Being a teacher is fulfilling. It's an ever-changing career that inspires. But it's also exhausting, mentally and physically.

Often those outside of the profession see only 13 weeks of holiday, a 9am - 3:30pm day plus a few INSET days thrown into the mix, leaving some to ponder why we struggle at times.

Many do not see the burdens placed on schools, senior leaders and teachers. Not only do we seem to be trying to teach the next generations the knowledge and skills needed for a successful life, we're also being asked to play a huge societal role without adequate funding.

It's not a surprise therefore, that many leaders and classroom teachers, both new and experienced face burnout at some point in their career.

But what is burnout and how can it be avoided?

What is occupational burnout?

Most of us get stressed at work at some point. Burnout occurs as a result of sustained stress that never subsides. This is due to prolonged periods of intensity and excessive demands on energy, strength and resources.

Herbert Freudenberger coined the term in the 1970's. He recognised that professions which involve a strong sense of morality or purpose, and commitment from workers who sacrifice themselves for the good of others, were most at risk.

It's no wonder that teachers and everyone working education are at risk of burnout. Accountability pressures, workload and hours can increase stress and pay remains low in comparison to other graduate roles. On top of this, teachers and others in education have taken on a raft of social responsibilities during the pandemic.

With such statistics it's no surprise that so many teachers are leaving the profession.

84%

of teachers described themselves as stressed in the 2020 Teacher Wellbeing Index

51%

have considered leaving teaching over the past two years

68%

said workload was their main reason for considering leaving

How can burnout be avoided?

Sadly, there is no definitive answer to this. As individuals, our stress tolerances vary. What we do need is an understanding of the signs of burnout and the proactive measures that can be put in place to avoid it. We need to look after ourselves and those we work with, if we are to keep great teachers teaching.

Recognising the signs

Burnout is considered to have a wide range of symptoms however, three main signs of the condition are:

Exhaustion

For teachers this may include both emotional and physical exhaustion. Evidence of this may be frustration and irritability, mood swings, impaired concentration, chronic fatigue and insomnia as well as physical symptoms such as increased illness, palpitations, gastrointestinal pain, headaches and dizziness.

Detachment from the job

For teachers this may develop through cynicism and pessimism towards teaching, students, colleagues or the school itself. The person with burnout may prefer to avoid contact and involvement with others, and experience a loss of enjoyment from the things that once brought pleasure.

Reduced performance

For teachers this may develop through negative feelings, lack of productivity and poor performance. Evidence of this may be feelings of hopelessness and apathy, low self-confidence, increased irritability with one's self and others, increased time spent completing tasks and apathy to want to do so.

"We need to look after ourselves and those we work with if we are to keep great teachers teaching."

Whilst it may not be possible to eliminate burnout within the profession, there are ways we can take action to avoid it in ourselves.

Tips for avoiding burnout

If you feel like you might be reaching a point of burnout, perhaps you're exhausted, emotional and easily agitated, take a day or two to recoup. Your mental health is just as important as your physical health. Whether it's a school day that you take off sick, a weekend or school holiday; take the time to relax and recover when you need to.

It can be tempting to pack weekends with activities to keep yourself entertained so you don't just work through them. It can be tempting to go to work even when you haven't slept well and you can feel your eyes closing. It can be tempting to want to spend time entertaining family or friends but sometimes you need to take that break. You need to stop rest and relax. Make sure you do.

Please make use of the support available to you. Sometimes it's hard to speak to people you are close to and even harder to speak to a stranger. They listen, support and can coach and guide to help you discover solutions that are best for you. So remember the free and confidential helpline is here 24/7 throughout the UK on 08000 562561 for all education staff. Download this poster for your staffroom now!

"The qualified counsellors on the Education Support helpline are fantastic and helped me stay in teaching!"

And after burnout?
Reaching burnout doesn't need to be the end of your career in teaching. It just means you stepping back for a little while. Whether that means taking time off, relinquishing a responsibility or changing schools, it is possible to continue a successful teaching career after experiencing burnout.

After my experience of burnout, I was torn between moving out of teaching or trying another school. During my time off, I was encouraged to apply to one more school. I panicked it would be more of the same; relentless workload, high expectations and limited support so at the interview I asked how they support staff wellbeing and was pleased with the response.

If you're applying elsewhere after a period of burnout, don't worry. If a school is worth working in, they will understand your experiences and will not hold it against you. Be honest, as it's the only way to reduce the stigma surrounding it.

To read more on Victoria's experiences and advice on tackling workload visit her blog, MrsHumanities.com, follow her on twitter (@MrsHumanities) and check out her book 'Making it as Teacher.'
Sign up to our newsletter for more mental heath and wellbeing resources, news and events straight to your inbox.

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Teacher, Victoria Hewett, talks about her experiences of burnout and how to avoid it

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Edutopia is a free source of information, inspiration, and practical strategies for learning and teaching in preK-12 education. We are published by the George Lucas Educational Foundation, a nonprofit, nonpartisan organization.

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*Correspondence: joy.nwokomy.jcu.edu.au †These authors contributed equally to this work.

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“SHIELDing” Our Educators: Comprehensive Coping Strategies for Teacher Occupational Well-Being

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Background: Teaching is a physically and mentally challenging profession that demands high emotional involvement, often leading to stress and anxiety. Understanding how teachers cope with these demands is essential for enhancing their well-being and…

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3 Benefits of Creating a Calm Classroom Climate - SHAPE America Blog

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Implementing practices and procedures that help create a calm classroom environment can assist in establishing those all-important teacher-student

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Why Edify | STRONG Framework for Teachers

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The Calm Effect: How Teacher Energy Shapes the Classroom

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There has never been a more challenging time for teachers than in recent years. Educators have been persistently worried about caring for not only their students' academic learning, but also their students' social and emotional well-being.

The pandemic, climate crises, and global conflicts have left teachers with so much more to shoulder for their students-while they themselves try to cope with everything that is happening. Yet, while many teachers are barely able to stay afloat in these turbulent times, we often hear them lamenting that they feel like they are not doing enough for their students.

But what do students really need?

Years of research in the field of social-emotional learning (SEL) has demonstrated that when students have supportive relationships with their teachers, they experience better well-being and success in school. And this remains true beyond just the early years of school-with middle and high school students showing more positive outcomes when they are surrounded by caring and supportive teachers.

What does it mean to be a caring, supportive teacher? Despite the growing interest in studying this question, there still remains a lack of consensus across both research and practice. And even less is known about how students themselves think about what it means to be a caring teacher.

My colleagues and I recently published a study in the Journal of Adolescent Research in which we went directly to students to ask what makes a caring teacher. Their responses aligned with an emerging perspective from education researchers: that the most authentic, wholehearted educators are calm, clear, and kind. The good news is that these characteristics may not only help students but also support teacher well-being during these difficult times.

What do students say about caring teachers?

According to education researchers, one crucial but ill-defined aspect of educators' expertise are the skills that allow them to teach mindfully and bring their whole selves to the classroom. In a recent chapter by Kevin J. Hulburt and his colleagues, they propose three characteristics to be key: being "calm in body, clear in mind, and kind-hearted." The Calm, Clear, and Kind (CCK) framework combines decades of research regarding the emotional labor of teaching, SEL, and contemplative approaches to education.

The significance of being calm, clear, and kind makes intuitive sense to many educators. But are these qualities the things that students feel they need from their teachers? And what do these qualities really look like in the classroom?

In early 2020 (pre-pandemic), we posed a question to a diverse group of approximately 200 sixth- and seventh-grade students at public middle schools in British Columbia, Canada: "What are three things that teachers do to show they care?"

What we learned from our analysis of students' responses is that their characterizations of caring teachers were reflected in the three categories of calm, clear, and kind.

Be calm. In the CCK framework, "calm in body" refers to a teacher's ability to remain calm and regulate their own stress in the face of the challenges inherent in teaching. In doing so, teachers are less reactive and better able to support students with their own emotion regulation.

Many students described a caring teacher using themes that represented both teachers' tendencies to themselves be calm, not reactive, and patient, as well as a teacher's ability to foster a calm atmosphere among students in their classroom. Specifically, they described a caring teacher as one who "does stuff calmly like not yelling" and "take[s] time to explain the work" and "creates a calming environment to work in." Some other comments from students were "be patient when someone doesn't understand the material," "they don't yell," and "they help you calm down."

Be clear. The CCK framework describes "clear in mind" as a teacher's capacity to remain present with their students and to stay curious and in tune with their needs. It also emphasizes the importance of teachers listening and maintaining clear, democratic communication with their students.

Almost half of the students we surveyed emphasized the importance of qualities such as being clear ("They explain the work well") and democratic communication ("They listen to your ideas"), active listening ("They listen with their eyes"), presence ("notice your feelings even if other people don't"), and good classroom management skills ("resolve a problem before it gets big"). Other examples from this category included "talk to the students as if they're her friend," "listen to you when you talk," and "they are open-minded," which highlights the ever-present need of early adolescents to feel heard.

Be kind. According to Hulburt and his colleagues, "kind in heart" encompasses more than just having a nice personality. It includes practicing non-judgment and expressing warmth and connection, cultivating trust and respect, and attending to the needs of students.

This aspect of the framework is grounded in teachers' compassion, both toward their students' experiences and backgrounds (which includes trauma-informed practices), and with themselves. Practicing self-compassion for themselves is highlighted as an important component of building a compassionate approach with their students.

Almost all students we surveyed used at least one kindness-related theme to describe a caring teacher. Students generated a wide range of kind themes, from friendliness and warmth ("They say hi to you in the morning") to deeper expressions of empathy, compassion, and trustworthiness, such as "They understand how you are feeling" and "They help you when you['re] sad." Students also frequently mentioned helpfulness as a signal of teacher caring-from helpfulness in school ("helps me when it looks like I don't understand") to help with personal problems ("help with friends")-which emphasizes the importance of not only being attuned to students' needs but also attending to them.

Mindful teaching and teacher well-being

Despite students' suggestions being relatively intuitive and "simple," we all experience ourselves that it is not always easy to be calm, clear, and kind in every moment. Particularly when we ourselves are stressed or busy.

Fortunately for teachers, there is an inextricable link between being calm, clear, and kind and your own well-being.

The CCK framework emerged from the field of mindfulness in education. Work in this field has included investigating the role of contemplative practices (for example, loving-kindness meditation) in cultivating compassionate and resilient classrooms. The CCK framework is grounded in the two major tenets of mindfulness-self-awareness and non-judgment-and outlines the ways these practices and skills are particularly relevant for educators. For example, calm-in-body starts with teachers' awareness of their own emotional triggers, followed by approaching students' behaviors with curiosity instead of judgment.

Practicing mindful teaching not only leads to better relationships with students (which in turn reduces external stressors for teachers), but also seems to benefit teachers' own health and well-being.

For instance, a 2016 study by Tori L. Crain and her colleagues showed that teachers in Canada and the U.S. who participated in a mindfulness training program experienced improvements in mood, quality of sleep, and satisfaction both at work and home. What's more, a study by Summer S. Braun and her colleagues demonstrated that more mindful teachers had lower levels of job stress, burnout, depression, and anxiety and, at the same time, more emotionally supportive interactions with their students.

In essence, what students say they need from their teachers may in fact be exactly what teachers need, as well. So, what can teachers do to show they care?

1. Ask students directly for what they need. Much can be learned by listening to students' own voices-in research and practice.

2. Feel empowered in what you are already doing. So many teachers naturally show up in the ways their students need, in part by knowing the importance of truly listening to them. Students did not identify complicated teaching strategies or skills. Instead, they admit to needing their teachers to be present, warm, kind, and helpful, and to listen to them. So many teachers already put this at the forefront of their teaching and should feel empowered that they are already doing exactly what their students need.

3. Attend to your own well-being. This will increase your capacity to be more intentional about a mindful and compassionate approach with your students.

4. Explicitly try out some mindfulness practices. Incorporating personal practices throughout the day, and also actively modeling some mindfulness activities with students in the classroom, can help positively shift the classroom culture. For example, try doing some mindful breathing as you brush your teeth or commute to work, or experiment with a morning body scan with your students to become more aware of what you (and they) are bringing into the classroom each day.

5. Be kind to yourself. It is not easy to be calm, clear, or kind all the time. Note: That's where the self-compassion piece comes in! It is OK to not get it right all the time.

In the end...try to do your best to be calm, clear, and kind with your students and yourself. For many, this may just mean committing to be more intentional about trying to be mindful throughout the day. Or it could mean seeking out additional training or resources to help you build and strengthen your mindfulness muscles!

Greater Good wants to know: Do you think this article will influence your opinions or behavior?

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Calm, Clear, and Kind: What Students Want From Their Teachers

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Researchers asked students what makes a caring teacher-and these same qualities may help support your well-being as an educator.

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Anxiety Grounding Techniques: Finding Calm in Chaos | AAP

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Michael Lam, MD, MPH, Justin Lam, ABAAHP, FMNM

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Six Effortless Grounding Techniques That You Can Begin Using Today!

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Life can be chaotic, and it can be nearly impossible to focus. These easy to follow grounding techniques could turn everything around.

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This teacher pushed back against burnout by revisiting her core beliefs about teaching and her students—and by taking some time off.

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Try grounding techniques rooted in the outdoors!

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Grounding in Nature: A Mindfulness Practice for Kids — Thriving Minds

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Mindfulness is the practice of paying attention to the present moment with curiosity and without judgment. For children, mindfulness can be a valuable tool in developing emotional regulation, focus, and resilience. Spring is a perfect time to practice mindfulness outdoors, as the season brings new s

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Helping Foster Coping Skills in Teens (For Guardians) 

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Helping Foster Coping Skills in Teens (For Guardians) 

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A Parent Guide to Healthy Coping Skills for Teens

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Stressful situations require strong coping skills. This article offers you an in-depth run-down of coping skills for teens.

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Calming & Grouding Techniques (Ages 4-11)

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Calming & Grouding Techniques (Ages 4-11)

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Try these excersizes with students before tests, after transitions, and for brain breaks!

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Grounding exercises are activities that children can use to reduce anxiety and focus on the present moment.

Grounding exercises work by engaging the senses and interrupting the mind and body's automatic response to anxiety.

There are many grounding exercises that can help kids.

Worrying is a normal part of life, especially during times when we anticipate negative outcomes for certain situations. Unfortunately for many people, the habit of worrying can grow into feelings of anxiety. And it isn't just adults that experience this; children are susceptible to anxiety too. In fact, about 5.8 million children nationwide have anxiety problems [*].

When children are anxious, we have a natural tendency to want to help them feel better. However, not everyone is familiar with the techniques that are effective against anxiety. In this article, we'll be discussing grounding techniques for children, an approach that helps develop the skills needed to deal with anxiety as it occurs. And with enough practice, children will learn how to manage anxiety on their own.

What are Grounding Exercises?

Grounding exercises are activities that both adults and children can use to bring them back to the present moment. There are various types of grounding activities for kids, from quick strategies like deep breathing to more formal techniques, such as meditation. There is no right or wrong way to ground oneself as different strategies work for each individual. The goal is to find one that anchors you in the here and now.

Grounding techniques are helpful for situations where children may find themselves overwhelmed or confused by distressing thoughts and emotions. Kids also experience strong emotions, stressful circling thoughts, or painful memories and flashbacks. Doing grounding exercises can help bring them back down to earth.

How Ground Exercises Help Manage Anxiety and Worries in Kids

Effective grounding exercises engage the senses through techniques like visualization and deep breathing to redirect anxious thoughts and feelings. Involving the other senses such as hearing, touch, taste, and smell can help kids regain control over their thoughts and physical responses. This works by interrupting the automatic response to anxiety, allowing the mind and body to return to a state of safety.

Grounding exercises should be done as soon as sensations of distress or anxiety surface. Practicing the techniques this way enables children to use them when negative feelings intensify.

10 Calming Grounding Exercises for Kids

There are many grounding techniques for kids that are effective at combating symptoms of anxiety. Here are some examples:

5-4-3-2-1 Grounding Technique

This grounding exercise is a simple one that children can start with. All they need to do is pay attention to their senses. Slowly and steadily, have your child identify five things they can see, four things they can hear, three things they can smell, two things they can touch, and one thing they can taste. The 5-4-3-2-1 grounding technique is effective because it helps children focus on something tangible using their senses. It helps the mind focus, slowing down any racing thoughts that may be contributing to feelings of anxiety. Using a guided worksheet may be an easier way to do this particular exercise.

Roots Technique

Focusing on a specific image can help a child feel more grounded and safe. Ask your child to imagine that they are trees with roots extending from their feet and into the ground. Continue describing how their roots reach deep down into the earth, all the way to the center of the planet, where it anchors them. It will help create an image that they are stable and firm instead of unsteady and unsure.

Belly Breathe Technique

Taking slow, deep breaths is an easy way to slow down the rush of anxious symptoms. To help your child do this exercise properly, have them " belly breathe." This means taking a deep breath in through the nose until the belly expands. Hold the breath for just a few seconds before letting the air out, all while imagining negative thoughts and feelings to exit the body at the same time. Repeat this exercise several times to help reduce feelings of anxiety.

A-B-C Around the Room Technique

This exercise is similar to the 5-4-3-2-1 technique in that it uses the senses to draw focus away from anxious thoughts and feelings. But instead of identifying sensations, children are asked to name something in their environment according to the letters of the alphabet. Start by asking your child to find something that starts with A, then B, then C, and so forth. Let them go through as many letters as they can before checking in with how they feel. Alternatively, children can use a similar exercise from the 2-4-6-8-10 technique to find 10 objects in the room of a particular color. This may be easier than finding things that start with letters.

Stretching Technique

Anxiety causes the body to tense up in anticipation of something dreadful. One way to reduce this unpleasant sensation is to ease muscle tension, which can be done with a simple stretching exercise. This activity can be done almost anywhere. Start with a simple stretch, such as bending over forward with arms dangling "ragdoll style" - an easy way to reduce tension. Another simple stretch that kids can do is reach up to the sky with both hands before tilting to the right and then the left.

Hugging Technique

Firm pressure is an excellent way for kids to feel more stable and grounded. For this exercise, children can either place their left and right hands on opposite shoulders and squeeze for a self-hug. It helps to pair this action with an affirmation, such as "I am grounded" or "I am in control." Alternatively, parents or guardians can give children a firm hug while saying the affirmation together. Repeat this exercise as many times as needed.

Walking Technique

Sometimes relieving anxiety can be done with something as simple as a walk. The key is to do it slowly and mindfully. Ask your child to pay attention to how the ground feels as they walk softly in their shoes. They can also focus on which part of their feet come into contact with the ground. Slowing down, being aware of their steps, and paying attention to their surroundings while walking can help reduce anxiety. Research has found positive associations between physical activities, such as walking, and overall psychological well-being, including reduced anxiety [*].

Reorientation Technique

Anxiety often comes with worried thoughts about improbable scenarios. It can be easy for a child to spiral into this pattern of thinking when they experience anxiety. Reorienting the moment can help them slow down and stop this cycle. Simply have your child name facts about the present moment. You can give them a card with prompts to help them recognize the facts. It can look something like this:

Hand Tracing Technique

This is an activity that many kids love. Start by getting a piece of paper and a writing instrument (a pencil, crayon, or market will do). Lay the paper flat on a surface and have your child put their hand on the paper. Using the writing tool, let your child trace their hand. Once they are done, add patterns or color the inside of the hand. This allows children to focus on the sensation of the crayon or pencil moving next to their hand instead of the anxious feelings. Coloring and drawing patterns is also a great way to focus on something more productive than negative emotions.

Stomp Stomp Blow Technique

Sometimes an active grounding exercise is needed to manage strong feelings of anxiety. Have your child stomp their left foot, then stomp their right foot, and then exhale quickly but deeply. Ask your child to focus on the feeling of their feet on the floor as they continue the pattern of stomp, stomp, blow. Have them imagine that they are kicking out and blowing away their anxious thoughts.

Help Kids Manage Anxiety and Worry Today with These Grounding Exercises

These grounding exercises work in various ways. Some allow children to focus their attention on observable objects in their immediate environment. Others are effective at redirecting and reducing anxious physical energy or slowing down racing thoughts. Kids that need help with their anxiety can use a combination of these techniques to find stability and peace.

References:

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Data and Statistics on Children's Mental Health. 2022.

2. Yang W, Wong S, Sum R, et al. The association between physical activity and mental health in children with special educational needs: A systematic review. September 2021.

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Michael Vallejo, LCSW, November 14, 2022

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10 Grounding Exercises for Kids to Manage Anxiety and Worries

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Anxiety plagues not just adults but children as well. Learn more about the different grounding techniques for children that can help manage and reduce anxiety.

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How to Support Children Through Abuse-Related Trauma

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Parents do everything they can to protect their children. But sadly, many kids have gone through trauma.

A trauma is any event that is deeply upsetting, scary, or harmful. Things like abuse, violence, accidents, or natural disasters can be traumas. Becoming homeless, losing a parent, or a serious illness can be traumas too.

Traumas are serious events that cause kids to fear for their life or safety.

After a trauma, the emotional effects can last a long time. It can be hard to move on. For some kids, trauma can lead to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

But kids can recover after trauma. There is therapy that can help. Kids also need extra support and comfort from parents.

How Does Trauma Affect Kids?

Trauma affects a child's sense of safety and trust. After a trauma, kids can still feel tense or scared. Some feel alone, sad, angry, or guilty. They may think they are to blame for what happened to them. For some kids, there's a loss of self-esteem or dignity. For some, there's deep grief.

Trauma also can affect a child's mood, behavior, or sleep. Some kids become depressed. They might act grumpy or seem sad. Some get in trouble more often, or do worse in school. Some have new fears, or trouble sleeping. Some have upsetting memories, called flashbacks. Often, kids avoid things that remind them of what they've been through.

After a trauma, some kids share how they feel. But other kids keep things to themselves. They may try to hide how they feel, or try to push it out of their minds. They may think others expect them to "get over it." Some just don't have words for their feelings. For any of these reasons, a parent might not know what their child is going through.

How Does Therapy Help Kids Heal After a Trauma?

Therapy gives kids a way to safely share their feelings, tell their story, and get support. In therapy, kids learn to talk about what they've been through. They learn coping and calming skills. They learn to adjust the way they think and feel about the trauma. Slowly, they learn to face things they used to avoid. Therapy helps kids find their own courage and gain confidence.

Child therapy for trauma is called trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (or TF-CBT). Therapy includes talk, play, and learning activities that heal trauma.

TF-CBT helps parents too. It's natural for parents to feel upset about what their child has been through. In therapy, parents get the support they need. They get advice on how to help their child at home.

In TF-CBT, parents can play a big role in their child's healing. They are coached to listen in ways that help their child open up, talk, and feel close. They help their child practice coping skills at home. They share in the good feelings as their child makes progress.

How Can I Find Therapy for My Child?

Talk to your child's doctor. Let them know what your child has been through. Your child's doctor cares about your child's mental health too.

Ask your child's doctor to refer you to a trained child therapist who can help. You might need to take your child to therapy once a week for a few months. But you'll see progress along the way.

How Can I Give My Child the Extra Support They Need?

After a trauma, kids need your support and comfort more than ever. Be sure to:

Spend time with your child. Do things that are soothing, relaxing, or fun. Cook together, take a walk, play, read, make art, or sing. Try to do this every day, even if it's only for a few minutes.

Parent with patience and warmth. Use kind words. Give praise when your child is doing well or trying hard. Let your child know you're proud of them. Be patient when they make a mistake. Show them how to try again.

Show love. Use hugs, smiles, words, and caring actions to show your love. Use soothing words and offer comfort when your child is upset.

Have soothing routines. Take a few minutes at bedtime (or any time) to read a story, snuggle together, or sing to your young child. For older kids, make it a routine to give a good night hug, along with a few minutes to talk, listen, or laugh together. Those extra few minutes with you can help your child feel calm, safe, and relaxed.

These may seem like small things - things you already do. But giving extra support and time keeps your child feeling loved and close to you. After a trauma, that closeness matters more than ever.

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Helping Your Child Heal After Trauma (for Parents) - Nemours KidsHealth

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Kids can recover after trauma with help from therapy and extra support and comfort from parents.

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Family Separation in the Foster Care System: Supporting BIPOC Children’s Ecosystem - Monarch Family Services

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The U.S. Administration for Children and Families released a revised rule that addresses a longstanding inequity faced by relatives and kin caregivers and the children they care for in foster care. The revised rule, for the first time, explicitly allows states to use kinship specific commonsense foster care licensing standards.

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Black, Indigenous, and youth of color (BIPOC) are overrepresented in the foster care system and face barriers to permanency that are unique to their experience. They need adults who will prioritize the importance of their race and culture and give them opportunities for self-advocacy.

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Kids Books Read Aloud "The Rabbit Listened" by Cori Doerrfeld

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A Friend for Henry by Jenn Bailey and Mika Song / Children's Story Time Read Aloud

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Substance Use Disorder – Casey Family Programs

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Several strategies are available to the child welfare system to lessen the traumatic impacts that parental substance use disorder can have on families.

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Offices within local communities are responsible for receiving and investigating reports of suspected child abuse and neglect. Reports are received by Child Protective Services (CPS) located in each community office and assessed to determine whether the report meets the legal definition of abuse or neglect and how dangerous the situation is.

Find your local intake number to report abuse or neglect or use the map below.

Questions that will be asked when you call

1. The name, address and age of the child.

2. The name and address of the child's parent, guardian or other persons having custody of the child.

3. The nature and extent of the abuse or neglect.

4. Any evidence of previous incidences.

5. Any other information which may be helpful in establishing the cause of the child's abuse or neglect and the identity of the perpetrator.

You do not need to have all of the above information when you call to make a report, but the more accurate information you can provide, the better equipped the offices will be to assess the child's safety.

Be sure to check out:

COVID-19

Continue to Report Child Abuse and Neglect - April 16, 2020

Child Abuse Prevention Month Mandatory Reporter Graphic

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Department of Children, Youth & Families

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Offices within local communities are responsible for receiving and investigating reports of suspected child abuse and neglect. Reports are received by Child Protective Services (CPS) located in each community office and assessed to determine whether the report meets the legal definition of abuse or neglect and how dangerous the situation is.

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What Is Trauma For Kids-Teens - Childhood Trauma #Trauma #TraumaAwareness

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Strategies for a Trauma-Informed Classroom | Student Mental Health Matters | PBS LearningMedia

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This segment from the documentary Resilience: Hope Lives Here, showcases strategies for trauma-informed classrooms.

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Welcome to the Well Beings Educator Toolkit! This is a comprehensive, curated collection of resources for use by educators, administrators, school support staff, counselors, social workers, and first responders who work directly with, and for, young people.

The Well Beings Educator Toolkit includes resources from WETA National Programming, including Ken Burns Presents Hiding in Plain Sight: Youth Mental Illness, and various partner organizations who are experts in their field and have significant experience producing materials to support students.

We believe that a school is a community and it is important that every level of that community works together to support students. That is why we work with our partners to adapt existing materials to produce a curated toolkit with lesson plans, professional development, workbooks, discussion guides, arts and performance assets for classrooms, access to helplines and support, and resources to support caregivers' own needs - each tailored to serve the broader education community.

The materials in the resources section below are available in several formats from our partner websites including downloadable PDFs, printable posters, art files, infographics, videos, PowerPoint decks and much more.

The Toolkit is designed to grow as new materials and resources become available and will be updated regularly.

For the latest Well Beings updates, subscribe to the Well Beings newsletter here.

Hiding in Plain Sight: Youth Mental Illness is now streaming on PBS Passport.

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Well Beings Educator Toolkit - Well Beings

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An educational resource kit for educators, administrators, school support staff and counselors who work directly with, and for, young people.

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When children have questions about violence, many adults have questions about how to help children cope with the tragedy. Some adults may wonder how much information children should be exposed to, or what to say to their children about their safety. Others may look for ideas on what to say when children ask why this tragedy happened or how they can help people who have been affected.

Organizations around the country have pulled together their resources to provide some guidance and many of these organizations are publishing materials in multiple languages. Here are some tips for getting started, as well as additional recommended resources. The original article is also available as a PDF in English and Spanish.

Note: Many of these suggestions originally appeared in Fred Rogers Talks About Tragic Events in the News.

Talking with Children About Tragedy in the News

First, find out what your child or student knows about the event. Even if you haven't yet discussed it together, the child may have heard the news from media sources or classmates. The child's perception of what has happened may be very different from the reality.

Assure the child that it is ok to talk about sad or scary events. It is also ok to admit to feeling sad, scared, or angry and to acknowledge that you are having those feelings too. In an interview with Good Morning America, expert Willow Bay advises, "Establish that there is no question too scary for your child to talk about." Likewise, Mr. Rogers writes, "If we don't let children know it's okay to feel sad and scared, they may think something is wrong with them when they do feel that way."

Encourage questions, both now and in the future. David Schonfeld, MD, writes, "Like adults, children are better able to cope with a crisis if they feel they understand it. Question-and-answer exchanges provide you with the opportunity to offer support as your child begins to understand the crisis and the response to it."

Reassure the child that many people are working to keep them safe. When a child has questions such as, "Why did this happen?" or "Am I safe?", Ms. Bay encourages parents to talk about the many people who work every day to keep kids safe.

In sharing information, be honest, but be mindful of the child's age. The National Association of School Psychologists offers these helpful guidelines in its tips for talking with children about violence (available in multiple languages below). Examples related to school shootings are included with the tips:

Early elementary school children need brief, simple information that should be balanced with reassurances that their school and homes are safe and that adults are there to protect them. Give simple examples of school safety like reminding children about exterior doors being locked, child monitoring efforts on the playground, and emergency drills practiced during the school day.

Upper elementary and early middle school children will be more vocal in asking questions about whether they truly are safe and what is being done at their school. Some students may need assistance separating reality from fantasy. Discuss efforts of school and community leaders to provide safe schools.

Upper middle school and high school students will have strong and varying opinions about the causes of violence in schools and society. They will share concrete suggestions about how to make school safer and how to prevent tragedies in society. Emphasize the role that students have in maintaining safe schools by following school safety guidelines (e.g. not providing building access to strangers, reporting strangers on campus, reporting threats to the school safety made by students or community members, etc.), communicating any personal safety issues to school administrators, and accessing support for emotional needs.

Remember that it is ok to admit that you don't have all of the answers. Mr. Rogers offers the following: "If the answer is 'I don't know,' then the simplest reply might be something like, 'I'm sad about the news, and I'm worried. But I love you, and I'm here to care for you.'"

Be patient. If the child doesn't have much to say yet, give him some time and let him know he can come back with more questions or to talk about the events when he is ready. If he shows signs of depression and anxiety over time, speak with the child's pediatrician or a school counselor for guidance.

Other important steps

Turn off the news. Media images can add to the trauma of a tragedy, particularly for young children. Images on the television, in video, and on the Internet can be confusing and disorienting as dramatic images are repeated over and over again. Mr. Rogers notes that "Someone who has died turns up alive and then dies again and again," while Dr. Elaine Ducharme explains that this can lead children to believe that the tragedy has happened many times. In addition, the live coverage and the closeness of the TV images can add to the sense of danger. If the child does see these images, help her understand that she is far away from where the news has happened.

Look for "kid-friendly" sources of information. These might include children's books, magazines and websites for children who want to learn more. For more information about using children's literature, see After the Crisis: Using Storybooks to Help Children Cope. Websites about current events for kids are listed below.

Encourage the child to express feelings and ideas through familiar activities. Professor Bonnie Rubenstein recommends writing, painting, and singing. Play may also be helpful, but Mr. Rogers encourages adults to help children come up with "safe" make-believe scenarios such as helping someone at a hospital rather than reenacting the tragedy.

Talk about people who are helping. Mr. Rogers notes that whenever his family learned about bad news, his mother encouraged him to "look for the helpers." These may include first responders, volunteers, doctors, or community members. Let your child know that even though bad things happen, the world has many good people who want to help.

Ask the child for ideas on how to help. This might include fundraising, collecting donations, or being pen pals, as well as ways to make a difference closer to home through a community project. Mr. Rogers also suggests talking about ways that adults can help, such as making a donation or writing a letter to an elected official.

Keep up your routine. Normalcy will help the child deal with difficult feelings, as will doing fun things that you both enjoy. Remember that kids still need to be kids!

Stay calm. OneToughJob.com emphasizes how important it is for adults to manage their own stress so that they can be the best caregivers possible - and also to remember that children may be listening to adult conversations.

Get close! A final tip from Mr. Rogers: "Give your child extra comfort and physical affection, like hugs or snuggling up together with a favorite book. Physical comfort goes a long way towards providing inner security. That closeness can nourish you, too."

Talking to Children About Violence: Multilingual Tips for Parents and Teachers

The National Association of School Psychologists recommends a number of helping tips in how to talk to children about violence and safety in this tip sheet, also available in multiple languages.

Responding to Racism and Bias

This updated resource collection provides a number of tools for addressing bullying and bias, as well as related lesson plans and booklists.

Recommended Resources

News websites for kids

How kids can help

Talking about & preventing violence

Talking about tough topics

Talking about tough topics: Multilingual resources

Spanish language

Other languages

School safety

From the Archives

Parkland, FL school shootings

Talking about the Sandy Hook shooting

About the Author

Lydia Breiseth is the Director of Colorín Colorado, which is a part of the Learning Media Department of public broadcasting affiliate WETA. In this capacity, Ms. Breiseth manages content, web production, outreach, and partnerships on behalf of the project.

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15 Tips for Talking with Children About Violence

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When children have questions about violence, many adults have questions about how to help children cope with the tragedy. Some adults may wonder how much information children should be exposed to, or what to say to their children about their safety.

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Explores the effects of trauma on learning, behavior, and relationships in schools.

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No Matter What | A Foster Care Tale | Kids book read aloud

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Great children's book about foster care - a reading of "Argo & Me"

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🌱 Kids Book Read Aloud: THE LITTLE ACORN by Hannah Rose Brown and Anna File

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❤️Home for A While🧸 | Foster Care/Emotional Regulation Children's Read-Aloud | Storytime with Summer

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Children’s  Read Aloud 🖍️ | Broken Crayons Still Color by Toni Collier

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Story Time with Lynn, "Help Your Dragon Cope With Trauma"

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Bea has dyslesxia

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Brilliant Bea - dyslexia story for kids - Differently abled

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All Children - All Families: LGBTQ+ Resources for Youth-Serving…

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The Human Rights Campaign Foundation’s All Children – All Families program has created a variety of guides and resources to assist youth-serving…

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For LGBTQ Youth in Foster Care, Finding Home Is Hard - Who Cares: A National Count of Foster Homes and Families

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Youth in care who identify as LGBTQ are over-represented in the child welfare system, but there’s often little training provided to foster parents about how to support these youth. Here’s what child welfare systems can do to help more LGBTQ foster youth succeed during an important time of adolescent development.

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LGBTQ+ Families & Youth | National Foster Parent Association

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A respected National voice for Foster, Adoptive and Kinship Parents in the US.

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Department of Children, Youth & Families

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DCYF is a cabinet-level agency focused on the well-being of children. Our vision is to ensure that Washington state’s children and youth grow up safe and healthy—thriving physically, emotionally and academically, nurtured by family and community.

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Find organizations in Seattle that work to engage, support and mobilize the LGBTQ+ community.

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Understanding and Supporting LGBTQ+ Foster and Adoptive Parents - Families Rising

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From Adoptalk 2021, Issue 2; Adoptalk is a benefit of Families Rising membership. [...]

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This brief contains research on the experiences of LGBTQ+ youth in foster care and steps to take for policymakers, professionals, and caring adults.

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Department of Children, Youth & Families

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DCYF is a cabinet-level agency focused on the well-being of children. Our vision is to ensure that Washington state’s children and youth grow up safe and healthy—thriving physically, emotionally and academically, nurtured by family and community.

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Parents with Children in Foster Care – Virtual Support Group — Parents Helping Parents

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Join a free, confidential support group for parents with children in foster care. Connect with others to share strategies, navigate the Family Court process, and receive support on your journey to reunification.

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Department of Children, Youth & Families

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DCYF is a cabinet-level agency focused on the well-being of children. Our vision is to ensure that Washington state’s children and youth grow up safe and healthy—thriving physically, emotionally and academically, nurtured by family and community.

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Families Building Community Program - Amara

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When parents and caregivers build relationships, they make the foster care experience as stable and supportive as possible for everyone.

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Foster Parent Association of Washington State

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Resources - Foster Parent Association of Washington State

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RESOURCES At FPAWS, we understand the challenges and rewards of being a foster caregiver and are committed to providing the resources and support needed to navigate this journey. The link below will provide resources in your region, Washington State and National Programs. We are not directly involved with any of these organizations so we cannot […]

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Resources | National Foster Parent Association

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A respected National voice for Foster, Adoptive and Kinship Parents in the US.

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Treehouse - Resources for Youth in Foster Care

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Find information and resources for youth in foster care and the caregivers and educators who support them.

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Department of Children, Youth & Families

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DCYF is a cabinet-level agency focused on the well-being of children. Our vision is to ensure that Washington state’s children and youth grow up safe and healthy—thriving physically, emotionally and academically, nurtured by family and community.

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CECE Early Childhood Videos at Eastern CT State U.

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Responding to Trauma-Related Behaviors in Early Childhood Settings

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CECE Early Childhood Videos at Eastern CT State U.

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Understanding the Potential Effects of Trauma on Young Children

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Why All Schools Should Be Trauma-Informed | Dr. Mary Crnobori | TEDxVanderbiltUniversity

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Getting Started With Trauma-Informed Practices

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3 Trauma-Informed Practices Backed By Science