# data[].attributes.body
MALAYALEE ETHNIC GROUP

The Malayalee is the second-largest ethnic group in Malaysia, after the Tamils.

They originally come from Kerala, South India, and migrated to Malaya in the 20th century.

# data[].attributes.body
BIDAYUH ETHNIC GROUP

The Bidayuh, also known as 'land Dayak', are the second-largest ethnic group in Sarawak.

The name 'Bidayuh' means 'the people of the land, which is a combination of two syllables 'Bi' referring to 'people' while 'Dayuh' means 'mountains or highlands'.

They are primarily based in Padawan, Bau, Lundu, Serian and Siburan.

# data[].attributes.body
Gawai Dayak, also known as Hari Gawai, is a traditional festival celebrated by various Dayak tribes, including the Bidayuh, to mark the end of the harvest season in late May or early June.

It was officially recognised as a public holiday on September 25, 1964, and is now celebrated annually on June 1.

# data[].attributes.body
This festival is celebrated to express gratitude to the Gods, or Petara, for the crops harvested during the season and to protect against negative spirits for the upcoming harvest.

Preparations for the festival can take up to a month in advance.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Brewing Tuak

Tuak is a traditional rice wine served during the Gawai Dayak Festival. The brewing process is typically handled by the older generations.

2. Traditional Delicacies

The Bidayuh prepare traditional delicacies, such as penganan (snacks made from glutinous rice flour, sugar, and coconut milk), in advance for Gawai Dayak.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Miring Ceremony

The Miring ceremony is an offering to the Petara (gods) for blessings such as health, happiness, financial well-being, and prosperity.

The offerings are presented on a plate called piring, and the ceremony is typically performed by the chief of the tribe.

2. Traditional Delicacies

The Bidayuh would prepare traditional delicacies such as penganan (snacks made from glutinous rice flour, sugar, and coconut milk) in advance for Gawai Dayak.

# data[].attributes.body
Feast in the Ruai (Longhouse in Sarawak)

Friends and family would gather in the ruai (the longhouse) to enjoy a feast of traditional foods and drink tuak (rice wine).

The celebration sometimes would continues into the night, as the Bidayuh people would listening to traditional music and taking turns performing the Ngajat dance along the ruai.

# data[].attributes.body
MAH MERI ETHNIC GROUP

The Mah Meri are an indigenous tribe belonging to the Senoi ethnic group.

Mah Meri are originally sea gypsies that lived off the sea and now situated in Carey Island, Selangor.

# data[].attributes.body
Ancestor's Day, or Hari Moyang, is an annual ritual festival celebrated by the Mah Meri tribe as a symbol of respect for their ancestors.

There are two types of Hari Moyang which are Hari Moyang Laut and Hari Moyang Darat.

Hari Moyang Laut is celebrated after Chinese New Year, but the exact dates are uncertain, as they are typically based on the dreams of the elders, or Tok Batin who communicate with the spirits.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Panglima Hitam Ceremony
The Mah Meri tribe comes together to clean the Balai Tok Panglima Hitam and perform the Main Jo'oh dance, seeking blessings, village safety, and crop fertility from the spirits of Panglima Hitam.

2. Decorating Balai Moyang
Villagers gather nipah palm and nibong leaves to decorate the Balai Moyang and salong (ancestor's seat), hoping to receive blessings for the continued celebration of the festival.

# data[].attributes.body
Jo'oh Dance

# data[].attributes.body
Decorating 'Balai Moyang'

# data[].attributes.body
3. Parade from Balai Moyang to the Sea

The Mah Meri tribe parades to the beach and waits for the tide to lower, as the ceremony is performed at the sangga, an altar in the middle of the sea.

# data[].attributes.body
4. Ceremony at the Sangga
The ceremony is led by the Moyang Bangku and supervised by the Tok Batin. The Moyang Bangku begins by offering food to the ancestors, while others perform the Main Jo'oh dance, seeking protection, forgiveness, and a better life in the new year.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.authors[].name
Fakulti Pengurusan Seni Budaya dan Warisan

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
[TAYANGAN PERDANA] Dokumentari Eksplorasi Budaya - Perayaan Hari Moyang Laut (Orang Asli Mah Meri)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Sebuah dokumentari tentang perayaan Hari Moyang Laut yang disambut oleh suku kaum orang Asli Mah Meri yang tinggal di Pulau Carey, Banting. Suku kaum Mah Me…

# data[].attributes.body
MELANAU ETHNIC GROUP

The Melanau, also known as the 'People of the River,' are a minority ethnic group in Sarawak, Malaysia.

Most Melanaus are settled in areas such as Mukah, Oya, Daro, Matu, Belawai, Bintulu, and Miri.

Traditionally, they were fishermen, farmers, and boat builders.

# data[].attributes.body
The Kaul Festival is an annual thanksgiving celebration held at the end of April.

Although the Melanau people come from different religious backgrounds, they still celebrate this festival together.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Boat parade

The festival begins with a boat parade along the Mukah River, extending to its end. The boats carry seraheng, which are like baskets used to hold food offerings for the river god.

# data[].attributes.body
2. Seraheng (food offerings)

After reaching the end of the Mukah River, the Seraheng is taken to a designated location to be offered to the spirits of the sea, land, and forest.

# data[].attributes.body
3. Traditional games played at the festival

Tibau (a large swing made from rattan) is a traditional game where participants hold onto a rope, climb up the ladder, and swing until they lose momentum.

# data[].attributes.body
4. Traditional dances at the festival

During the festival, there are many traditional dances performed, such as the Alu-alu dance and the Seraheng dance.

# data[].attributes.body
TELUGU ETHNIC GROUP

The Telugus originally come from Andhra Pradesh in British India and migrated to Malaya in the 19th century.

After migrated to Malaya, they became farmers in Bagan Datuk and Teluk Intan, Perak.

# data[].attributes.body
The Ugadi festival is believed to mark the day when Brahma, the Creator, formed the universe, according to the Hindu trinity.

Ugadi also signifies the beginning of Vasantakalam (the spring season), during which farmers prepare for the upcoming planting season.

It is celebrated on the first day of the first month of the Telugu calendar.

# data[].attributes.body
Preparations begin a week before the festival, with Telugu families cleaning and decorating their homes.

They also perform prayers to the goddess during a special ceremony called the Goddess Nokalamma Festival.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Oil bath

The Telugus would wake up early before the dawn and take an oil bath (a mixture of castor, coconut, and mustard oil) symbolising a fresh new start and the removal of negative traits.

# data[].attributes.body
2. Panchanga Sravanam

Panchanga Sravanam is the most anticipated ritual during Ugadi, where the almanac’s predictions for the year ahead are read in the temple.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Panchang, Panchangam for Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
This page provides November 10, 2024 daily panchang (also called as panchangam) for Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It lists most Hindu festivals and vrats for each day. It also lists daily timing and position of Sunrise, Sunset, Moonrise, Moonset, Nakshatra, Yoga, Karna, Sunsign, Moonsign, Rahu Kalam, Gulikai Kalam, Yamaganda, Abhijit, Dur Muhurtha, Amrit Kalam and Varjyam.

# data[].attributes.body
3. Eating together with friends and families

The main dish for Ugadi is Ugadi Pachadi, a mixture of six different flavors: tangy, sour, sweet, bitter, spicy, and salty. It is believed that those who eat this dish on an empty stomach will have a harmonious future.

# data[].attributes.body
In Kerala, India, Onam is celebrated for 10 days. However, in Malaysia, the Malayalee community celebrates Onam only on the 10th day, which is Thiruvonam day.

The main reason the Malayalee people celebrate Onam is to mark the return of King Mahabali from the Underworld (Patalam) to reunite with his people once a year, on Thiruvonam day.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Cleaning and decorating houses

Like other cultures, the Malayalees also clean and decorate their homes for the festival. They decorate their houses with decorative lights and pookalam (a flower arrangement or design made on the ground).

# data[].attributes.body
2. Prayers

The Malayalee people would pray to Lord Vamana and King Mahabali, seeking prosperity, longevity, happiness, and a bountiful harvest.

# data[].attributes.body
3. Traditional clothes

Women – Women wear a kesavu in white and gold, such as a white kesavu with gold threads.

Men – Men wear a mundu tied around their waist, also in white and gold, to honor Lord Vishnu (the gods).

# data[].attributes.body
4. Feast like a King!

The Malayalees prepare and enjoy Onam Sadhya with their loved ones. Onam Sadhya is a big meal consisting of 10 to 15 traditional dishes, all eaten together on a banana leaf.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Onam Sadya#malaysia #kl #youtubeshorts #onamsadya #wmf #fyp #viral #brickfields #klmalaysia #sadya

# data[].attributes.body
6. Other activities

The Onam festival day continues with traditional dances, music, and games.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
“Onam Festival of Malaysia 2016” – An evening of songs and dances

# data[].attributes.body
Hello everyone! My name is Nur Hanis Sofea Binti Abdul Razzaq, a Part 1 student of the Bachelor of Applied Language Studies (Hons.) in English for Intercultural Communication (LG243). These posts are for my EIC404 assessment 1, e-portfolio. I hope you enjoy reading and learn new things about other cultures, especially the minority cultures!

# data[].attributes.body
1. Introduction

2. Bidayuh culture

3. Mah Meri culture

4. Melanau culture

5. Telugu culture

6. Malayalee culture

7. Reflection