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Main Cause: The burning of fossil fuels releases gases like carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere, which trap heat and warm the planet.

Effects: Climate change leads to:

Rising temperatures (heatwaves)

Stronger storms (hurricanes, floods)

Melting ice and rising sea levels

Health risks (heat stress, diseases)

Damage to ecosystems and wildlife.

We need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by using clean energy (like solar and wind), protecting forests, and using energy more efficiently. Countries around the world are working together to limit global warming, with a goal of keeping it below 2°C above pre-industrial levels.

-----The reality is that human activities, especially burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes, emit greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, trapping heat. This results in a rise in global temperatures, leading to extreme weather conditions such as heatwaves, storms, flooding, and rising sea levels. Climate change is one of the biggest challenges we face. If we act now, we can avoid the worst impacts, safeguard the planet, and build a sustainable future. The more delay there is, the worse it is.

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Main Cause: The burning of fossil fuels releases gases like carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere, which trap heat and warm the planet.Extreme Weather: Climate change is causing more extreme weather events, such as stronger hurricanes, droughts, floods, wildfires, and heatwaves.

Ocean Acidification: Oceans absorb about 30% of CO2 emissions, leading to ocean acidification, which harms marine life, including coral reefs and fish.

Health Risks: Rising temperatures increase risks of heat-related illnesses, worsen air quality, and contribute to the spread of diseases like malaria and dengue.Global Action: The Paris Agreement aims to limit global warming to below 2°C, with many countries aiming for "net-zero" emissions by 2050.

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IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), 2021: "Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis"

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Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis

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The Working Group I contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report addresses the most up-to-date physical understanding of the climate system and climate change, bringing together the latest advances in climate science.

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Stern, N., 2007: "The Economics of Climate Change: The Stern Review"

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The Economics of Climate Change: The Stern Review - Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment

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The Economics of Climate Change: The Stern Review is a landmark study that was published on 30 October 2006. The Review concluded﻿: "This Review has assessed a wide range of evidence on the impacts of climate change and on the economic costs, and has used a number of different techniques to assess costs and risks.

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Nature, 2019: "Climate Change: Global Risks, Challenges, and Decisions

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The 28th Conference of the Parties (COP) taking place in Dubai from 30 November to 12 December 2023 will focus heavily on the first of the Global Stocktakes that were agreed upon in the Paris Agreement. In this infographic, we explain what the Global Stocktake is, how it works and the different interests and sticking points that are expected to shape the debate at COP28.

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Nature Climate Change is dedicated to publishing the most significant research across the physical and social sciences on the impacts of global climate change and its implications for the economy, policy and the world at large.

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Climate change is one of the most daunting issues of the day. Caused primarily by human activities-like burning fossil fuels and deforestation-it is raising temperatures in the world, thus giving rise to extreme weather conditions, a rise in sea levels, and disruptions to ecosystems. If left unchecked, its impacts will only worsen, threatening our planet, economy, and way of life. Yet with immediate action-that is, through reducing emissions, transition to renewable energy, and in global cooperation-the worst of these effects can be mitigated to build a sustainable future for generations to come.

Global Warming: Earth's average temperature has risen by about 1.1°C since the late 1800s, leading to more extreme weather events (heatwaves, storms, floods).

Rising Sea Levels: Melting ice and thermal expansion of oceans are causing sea levels to rise, threatening coastal areas.

Health & Ecosystem Impacts: Climate change affects human health (e.g., heat stress, air pollution) and ecosystems (e.g., biodiversity loss, ocean acidification).

Fossil Fuels & Emissions: Burning coal, oil, and gas is the main driver of climate change, along with deforestation and agricultural practices