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Misplaced Parts, Dangling Structures & Non-paralleled Structures :

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Misplaced Parts, Dangling Structures & Non-paralleled Structures :

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It contains two independent clauses that are not separated by any punctuation or a coordinating conjunction.

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It contains two independent clauses joined only by a comma. A comma by itself cannot join two independent clauses.

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Is a phrase or clause that either modifies nothing in the sentence or that seems to modify a word to which it is not logically related

Do not clearly describe or explain any part of the sentence

Create confusion and sometimes unintentional humor

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Parallelism is a method of ensuring the words, phrases, and clauses in a series in the same grammatical form

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Is a word, phrase, or clause that describes, qualifies, or limits the meaning of another word. Modifiers that are not correctly placed can make a sentence confusing

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Do not describe or explain the words the writer intended them to. It often appears to modify the wrong word or can leave the reader confused as to which word it does modify

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A sentence fragment is an imcomplete sentence that lacks a subject, a verb or both or it is a dependent clause.

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The subject is the who or what of a sentence.

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Verbs tell readers what the subject is doing.

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Clauses that begin with subordinators (although, because, while, after, etc.)

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Clauses that begin with relative pronouns (who, which, where, when, that, etc.)

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Attach the fragment to a complete sentence 

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Attach the fragment to a complete sentence 

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Remove the subordinating or relative pronoun and make sure the remaining group of words has  subject and verb

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Remove the subordinating or relative pronoun and make sure the remaining group of words has  subject and verb

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Insert a comma and coordinating conjunction

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Insert a comma and coordinating conjunction

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Use question marks after direct question.

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Use an exclamation point at the end of a sentence that expresses particular emphasis, excitement, or urgency.

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Use parallel structure for independent clause joined by a coordinating conjunction

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Use parallel structure for independent clause joined by a coordinating conjunction

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Avoid faulty parallelism with and who, and which

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Avoid faulty parallelism with and who, and which

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Use parallel constructions with ideas linked with correlative conjunction

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Use parallel constructions with ideas linked with correlative conjunction

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Use parallel structures in comparisons linked with THAT or AS

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Use parallel structures in comparisons linked with THAT or AS

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Add a word or words that the modifier clearly describe

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Add a word or words that the modifier clearly describe

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Expand the dangling modifier into a subordinate clause

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Expand the dangling modifier into a subordinate clause

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In general, capital letters are used to mark the beginning of a sentence, to mark the beginning of a quotation, and to identify proper -"- nouns

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1. Before a coordinating conjunction that joins two independent clauses.

2. To separate a dependent clause from an independent clause

3. To separate three or more iterms in a series

4. To separate coordinate adjectives

5. To separate parenthetical expressions from the clauses the modify

6. To separate a transition from the clause it modifies

7. To separate a quotation from the words that introduce or explain it

8. To separate dates, place name, and long numbers

9. To separate phrases expressing contrast

10. To separate introductory words and phrases from the rest of the sentence

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3. Names of people and animals, including the pronoun I

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3. Names of people and animals, including the pronoun I

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4. Names of specific places, cities, states, nations

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4. Names of specific places, cities, states, nations

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5. Government and public offices, departments, buildings

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5. Government and public offices, departments, buildings

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6. Names of social, political, business, sporting, cultural organizations

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6. Names of social, political, business, sporting, cultural organizations

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7. Names of months, days, of the week, holidays

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7. Names of months, days, of the week, holidays

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the first word following a colon

the first and last words

all other words except, articles, prepositions, conjunction

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10. Religions, religious figures, sacred books

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10. Religions, religious figures, sacred books

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12. Personal title when they come right before a name 

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12. Personal title when they come right before a name 

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1. To introduce items in a series after an independent clause

2. To signal a list or a statement introduced by an independent clause ending with the following or as follows

3. To introduce a quotation that follows an introductory independent clause

4. To introduce an explanation

5. To separate titles and subtitles of books

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1. some titles before or after people's names

2. Names of familiar, organizations, corporations, countries

3. Time references preceded or

4. Latin terms when used in footnotes, references, or parentheses

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1. Units of measurement

2. Geographic or other place names when used in sentences

3. Parts of written works, when used in sentences

4. Names of days, months, holidays

5. Names of subject areas

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1. To separate two closely related independent clauses not connected by a coordinating conjunction

2. To separate 2 independent clauses joined by a conjunction adverb

3. To separate independent clauses joined with a coordinating conjunction

4. To separate items in a series if the items are lengthy or contain commas

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on occasion you must divide and hyphenate a word on one line and continue it on the next.

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1. divide words only when necessary

2. divide words between syllables

3. do not divide one-syllable words

4. no not divide a word so that a single letter is left at the end of a line

5. do not divide a word so that fewer than three letters begin the new line

6. divide compound words only between the words

7. divide words that are already hyphenated only at the hyphen

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can be written as numerals (600) or words (six hundred)

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1. numbers that are spelled with more than two words

2. days and years

3. decimals, percentages, fractions

4. exact times

5. pages, chapters, volumes, acts and lines from plays

6. addresses

7. exact amounts of money

8. scores and statistics

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1. numbers that begin sentences the lecture

2. numbers of one or two words

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A collection noun refers to a group of people or things

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correct spelling is important to a well-written paragraph or essay.

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Nouns with plural forms but singular meaning

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Nouns with plural forms but singular meaning

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Some words appear plural but have a singular meaning

EX: Meales, hysterics, news, maths

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The relative pronouns function as the subject of an adjective clause

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1. do not worry about spelling as you write your first draft

2. keep a list of words you commonly misspell

3. every time you catch an error or find a misspelled word on a paper returned by your instructor, add it to your list

4. study your list

5. develop a spelling awareness

6. pronounce words you are having difficulty spelling

7. review basic spelling rules

8. be sure to have a dictionary readily available when you write

9. read your final draft through once, checking only for spelling errors