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Modern is a term we use when we refer to something that is NEW or CONTEMPORARY.

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The word modernism is used in literature to describe a certain period of time in art history.

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Modernist literature take in those pieces created from the late 19th century to the mid-20th century.

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It was influenced by thinkers who questioned the certainties that had provided support for traditional modes of social organization, religion, morality, and human identity, or the self.

Robinson, 2022.

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Modernists subverted basic conventions of prose fiction by breaking up narrative continuity, violating traditional syntax, and disrupting the coherence of narration.

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They left standard ways of representing characters by questioning identity as a real, eliminating the possibility of character coherence.

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To the modernists, the visible, space, and time are not reality; rather, they are modes through which we apprehend reality.

Robinson, 2022.

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Modern industrialism

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Rapid growth of cities

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Western society

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World War I

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In this period of time, the world was going through extreme changes. Therefore, authors found a way to reflect those situations in different.

Patrick (2011), mentions the following characteristics.

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Writers were fascinated with how the individual adapted to the changing world and triumphed over obstacles. They presented the world or society as a challenge to the integrity of their characters.

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Modernist writers broke free of old forms and techniques, wrote in free verse, defied all expectations, mixed images from the past with modern languages and themes, creating a collage of styles.

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The carnage of two World Wars profoundly affected writers of the period. For many writers, the world was becoming a more absurd place every day. The mysteriousness of life was being lost in the rush of daily life what made authors depict this absurdity in their works.

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Writers infused objects, people, places and events with significant meanings. The idea of a poem as a riddle to be cracked had its beginnings in the Modernist period. They left much more to the reader's imagination, leading to open-ended narratives with multiple interpretations.

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Literature was more as a craft than a flowering of creativity. Poems and novels were constructed from smaller parts instead of the organic, internal process that earlier generations had described. Modernist poetry often includes foreign languages, dense vocabulary and invented words.

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Literature modernism in the United States.

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Literature modernism in the United States.

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America entered the twentieth century optimistically as a wealthy, strong world power. Although this time period started off with prosperity, it soon became one characterized by three main causes.

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World War I

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Severe economic depression.

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World War II

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The chaotic literature revealed the instability of the American people's mindset as they attempted to understand what was going on around them. There was  also a loss of faith and hope in the American people during this time period and a collapse of morality and values

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The literature of the era was often times fragmented to cause confusion and intentionally break the flow of words in literature.

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Two major themes of the era were confusion and disillusionment.

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T. S. Eliot (1888-1965)

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Katherine Anne Porter (1890- 1980)

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Hilda Doolittle (1886-1961)

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Literature modernism in the Great Britain.

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Literature modernism in the Great Britain.

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The Victorian Period ended with the death of Queen Victoria and a change in the political stability that her rule had guaranteed.

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Modernism responds to rapid transformations in Western society, including urbanization, the growth of industry, and World War I.

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Much modernist literature is actually antimodern, registering modernity as an experience of loss.

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Authors believed that the previously sustaining elements of human life, like religious beliefs, social mores, and artistic convictions, had been destroyed or proven false or fragile.

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Captured the viewpoint and language of soldiers as it detailed the horror of both the Boer Wars and eventually World War I.

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Created social, political, and economic problems for Great Britain as they incurred heavy debts, marking marked a decline in it's global status.The poetry of the time is representative of that and shows the deep pessimism of this post-war nation.

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World War I inspired a lot of poetry both from soldiers on the battlefield describing their experiences and war supporters at home.

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A number of these poets, including Wilfred Owen, Edward Thomas, and Rupert Brooke, died on the battlefield.

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Modernist writing is highly self-reflexive and poems written during this time were much shorter and relied more heavily on free verse. Additionally, many poets used the theory of imagism in their writing, which involved concise language and sought to capture an image.

Speicher, n.d.

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Virginia Woolf (1882- 1941)

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Katherine Mansfield (1888-1923)

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William Butler Yeats (1865-1939)

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Cook, E. (2020). The Creative Spirit: 1550-Present. https://boisestate.pressbooks.pub/thecreativespirit/chapter/chapter-11-the-20th-century/

Nicholas, T. (2018). Modernism: WTF? An introduction to Modernism in art and literature. https://youtu.be/c_pywMFS8G0

Robinson, B. (2022). Modernism and Postmodernism as Literary Movements. https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Literature_and_Literacy/Book%3A_British_Literature_II_-_Romantic_Era_to_the_Twentieth_Century_and_Beyond_(Robinson)/03%3A_The_Twentieth_Century_and_Beyond/3.01%3A_Modernism_and_Postmodernism_as_Literary_Movements

Patrick, J. (2011). The Main Characteristics of Modernist Literature. https://penandthepad.com/main-characteristics-modernist-literature-8451197.html

Speicher, A. (n.d.) British Modernism. https://www.easternct.edu/speichera/understanding-literary-history-all/british-modernism.html

Sylar, J. (n.d.). The modernist period. http://jordansylaramericanliterature.weebly.com/the-modernist-period.html