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When looking at Infant Mortality Rates (IMR) by State within the US (2017), the South had the highest amount of mortality rates with Mississippi having the highest at 8.73 deaths per 1,000. In comparison, the West overall has a lower infant mortality rate.

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When looking at this website and all of the statistics I was most curious about the Vaginal Birth After Cesarean stats. I found it interesting that only a few states had over a 20% VBAC rate as I remember reading that the national average should only be about 10% of cesarean births. Also, looking at the states with lower rates was also interesting.

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Maternal Mortality Rates - Emily Palafox

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Maternal Mortality Rates - Emily Palafox

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When comparing the maternal mortality rates of the U.S. to other countries, it always ranks the highest. In 1910, there were 650 per 100k births. In 1927, there were 647 per 100k births. In 2020, there were 24 per 100k births. Yes, the number has gone down tremendously, but the U.S. still ranks the highest.

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On the "Leading Causes of Infant Death in 2017" graph it showed the top five leading causes of infant mortality. I chose this graph to look into because I thought seeing the actual numbers was interesting and surprising. Congenital malformation is the highest leading cause of infant mortality which sits at a rate of 119.2 deaths per 100,000 live births. Something I would be curious to find out is ways to decrease that number and if there has been a decrease since this research.

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Maternal Health Impacting Cesarean Birth Rates- McKinley Lockridge

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Maternal Health Impacting Cesarean Birth Rates- McKinley Lockridge

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Looking at cesarean birth statistics, I was intrigued to learn about the risk and protective factors. I found that maternal health greatly impacts the likelihood of having this birth method. As seen through the statistics involving diabetes, where 59.1% of those with chronic diabetes and 41.4% of those with gestational diabetes obtained a cesarean birth, compared to those with no diabetes at 31.3% (2021).

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When looking at the statistics of births at home, I found it interesting to see the percentage of home birth for each state in the U.S. The average at home birth in the U.S is 1.47% and the leading state in the U.S with at home birth is Idaho with 4.2% according to the "Home Births (%) by U.S. State, 2022." I was surprised to see how high it was in Idaho and that at home births are becoming much more popular these days.

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While I was looking at the various statistics of cesarean sections in the United States, I thought it was interesting to see the percentages of women who give birth via cesarean sections and how they differ in each region. It is shown that states in the south tend to have more C-sections, with percentages of 30%-36% in every southern state in 2021. The same year, only four states had percentages less than 30%, those being Alaska, Idaho, Utah and South Dakota.

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Looking at the map of Infant Mortality Rates by States, I was surprised to see more deaths in the South compared to the rest of the country. Washington state has the fewest deaths, I wonder what they do differently? The South has 7.00-8.00 deaths per 1000 births compared to Washington with less than 4 deaths per 1000 births. How can the South change this statistic, what should parents and healthcare providers due to lower this number?

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I was really interested to see the statistics associated with women that chose to have an out of hospital birth. From all the graphs and charts you can see that in 1935 about 65% of women chose out of hospital, where as in 2022 its only about 2 or 3%. Now I do think that participating in an out of hospital birth is much safer because you can have certified midwifes and doulas with you, but its still interesting to see the statistics!

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Causes of Pregnancy Related Death in the U.S - Rachel Bennett

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Causes of Pregnancy Related Death in the U.S - Rachel Bennett

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While I was reading through the articles about pregnancy related deaths. Something that intrigued me was that in 2017-19, causes of pregnancy deaths were at a high of 14.5%. This was the highest percent of pregnancy related deaths in the U.S. and the and the reason was caused by Cardiovascular Conditions which was really interesting to me. The second highest percent was caused by infection or sepsis in 2017-19 which is interesting to me as well.

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When looking at Infant Mortality Rates I found it very interesting that the South had the highest amount of deaths compared to the rest of the country. Washington was seen to have the lowest infant mortality rate so I wonder what causes the difference??

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Breastfeeding Statistics - Will Marriott

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Breastfeeding Statistics - Will Marriott

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When I was looking at graphs on breastfeeding, I found that there was an increase overtime in mothers breastfeeding their child. Based on race, white mothers seemed to show the highest rate in breastfeeding at discharge. However, the highest rate that wasn't reported was from the Asian community. I also found that mothers between the ages 30-34 have a higher rate of breastfeeding compared to other ages. One last piece of information I found was how mothers born outside of the U.S. were shown to breastfeed more than those who were born inside the U.S.

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I knew the number of midwives attending hospital births would be lower than in home births or birthing centers, but I was shocked at how low it was. One graph showed that midwives were present at .2% of all births in the United States in 2020. Another graph showed only 1,774 births (in any setting) included midwives. These are way lower numbers than I expected. I personally think midwives are beneficial no matter how you choose to give birth so this was very surprising by to me.

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Something that I found really interesting was that in the United States Map with 2017 data the infant mortality was higher in the southeast part of the Unites States then on the west.

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When looking at Infant Mortality Rates or IMR, I found that there was a gap in infant mortality rates between the White and Black infants over a span of 37 years. While there has been an overall decreases in infant mortality, the statistics shown explain that "Black infants has historically remained over two times higher than that of White infants."

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When observing the statistical graphs associated with out of hospital births. I observed in majority of graphs that reported data from 1930's to 2020's, is that the out of hospital births have slightly been increasing. It is clear that people’s attitudes towards home births have changed. One graph asked the question “if a woman wants to have her baby at home, she should be able to do so”. 34% of participants strongly agreed, whereas only 6% of participants strongly disagreed, and 23% neither agreed nor disagreed with the statement. These opinions may revolve around new ideas and appreciation of birthing outside of hospitals. This could be due to families feel more comfortable with knowing they have control in the birthing experience and feel safe within their own home. I was not expecting the mass amount of home births that are being implemented. Although, I can see how mothers could feel more comfortable and safe from potential illness like COVID-19 within hospitals.

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Something that has been catching my attention in this class is the choice of using a midwife to deliver children. I did not realize how common this practice was in the United States. Actually, Idaho is in one of the highest percentages of midwife birth in the country with over 13.50%. Midwife attended births have increased 9.8% since 1990. Besides using a Doctor of Medicine, a certified nurse midwife is the next highest option in the country for delivering babies. About 28% of these birth accompanies by a certified midwife are birthed at home, where 51% of births at home are accompanied by a non-certified midwife.

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Cesarean Section Rates - Elizabeth Decker

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Cesarean Section Rates - Elizabeth Decker

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Cesarean Section Rates have dramatically increased in the last decade but what really surpirsed me was the US' ranking on international rates. Korea has a rate of ~50% of their birth's are C-sections, followed by Australia at 35%, England and Italy tied at ~32%, followed in fourth place by the United States with ~31%. This really surprised me because the culture of the United States around birth is very medical. There is very little reverance surrounding the nature of birth, constrasting with many cultures viewing it as a kind of natural miracle. With that culture in mind a C-section would seem of very little consequence, leaving me to expect a higher rating. Nevertheless each of these countries greatly exceed the recommended rate of 10% by the WHO, which is also of concern.

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One interesting fact that I saw on the website was that women who had a midwife present at birth were 76% more likely to exclusively breastfeed while woman who had a OBGYN at birth are only 61% likely to exclusively breastfeed. I could see how this would make sense because in most cases midwives are with the mother for longer so they are able to make more of a connection with them.

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When trying to choose a topic, I was drawn to infant mortality and was astonished by the number of deaths. 2,835,000 deaths overall is a scary large number as well as 21,100 infant deaths. I also noticed the data on the map shown from 2017 was higher in the southeast part of the US. Could there be a reason for this? I also found the top 5 leading causes of infant death to be quite surprising as well. The top 5 are congenital malfunctions, short gestation and low birth weight, maternal complications of pregnancy, sudden infant death, and accidents with congenital malfunctions being the highest.

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When looking at the percent of mothers in various states, Idaho is one of the 10 states that more than 13.7% have a midwife attend their birth (2019). Other states like Nevada and Texas had less than 7%! Overall, there were 332,991 midwife attended births in 2020 and 2, 853,659 used MDs. The drastic difference in preference was surprising to me.

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Throughout this time period, the US infant mortality rate for Black infants has historically remained over two times higher than that of White infants. One notable limitation in this data regarding racial and ethnic categories is the fact that individuals with a multiple race background were assigned to a single race for analysis.

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Maternal Mortality Rates - Delaynee Bushay 

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Maternal Mortality Rates - Delaynee Bushay 

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I was surprised to learn that the U.S. has one of the highest maternal mortality rates among developed countries. Despite all the medical advancements, the number of women dying from complications related to childbirth has actually increased over the past few decades. This made me think about the gaps in our healthcare system and how we can better support mothers.

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When scrolling through the powerpoint filled with statistics about out of hospital births, I was surprised to come across the percentage of women that were dissatisfied with the care they received while in the hospital. 12.6% of women who delivered their baby in a hospital felt that their health care providers ignored them, refused requests for help, or failed to respond to requests in a reasonable amount of time.  On the other hand, only 2.3% of women felt this way about their home birth experience. Another statistic that shocked me was that 6.6% of women who delivered their baby in a hospital felt that health care providers either withheld or forced treatment they did not want. Whereas only 2.2% of women who gave birth at home felt this way. I can understand why women might prefer home births due to the privacy, the close connection with their doula, and the greater sense of control over their birthing experience.

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Cesarean Birth Rates and Maternal Mortality- Natalie Swofford

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Cesarean Birth Rates and Maternal Mortality- Natalie Swofford

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I was intruiged by the rates of Black nonhispanic mothers having a relatively significant difference in proportion of cesarean births in comparison to White nonhispanic mothers. On top of that Black NH mothers also have a higher mortality rate than the other. On top of that the southern states that typically have a higher black population are also the higher precenters that preform cesareans. You'd think something should happen to try and make some changes about it, or am I just missing something between the lines.

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Out of hospital birth rates - Tatum Thompson

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Out of hospital birth rates - Tatum Thompson

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I found it really interesting how the current out of hospital birth rates in the US is under 5%. On the other hand I also found it interesting how the Netherlands out of hospital birth rates is almost 20% and I would assume to that to be because of lower availability of high quality hospitals in the Netherlands.

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Midwife Attended Births by State- Delaney Dose

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Midwife Attended Births by State- Delaney Dose

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When looking at the statistics of midwifery, the map showing the different percentages each state has when a midwife was present during birth was super interesting to me. This data was taken in 2019 and showed the national average of midwives present during birth in America was 10.22%. Among the country we see the central-south states have the fewest percentage of midwives present at birth which was under 7% in each of those states. States including Montana, Idaho, Oregon, Georgia, and Florida were some of the few that had a percentage above 13.70%. It was interesting to see that there wasn't a super particular pattern among the states, but also interesting to see how little our country uses midwives spread out across the states.

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I looked over the statistics and demographics of Cesarean Sections and I was surprised that the rate of C-sections has increased from the early 2000s to 2021. I honestly assumed these numbers would be the same. I wonder if the rise is because it has become safer, more well-known, or if this data collection is better more recently. When you look at the graph it seems like the rate has risen a lot but actually only 5% or 6%. But has fallen slightly recently which is really interesting. I'd love to know why this is.

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Why women want an at home birth- Kelly Lynch

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Why women want an at home birth- Kelly Lynch

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Reading about why women might want an at-home birth was very interesting because I have never thought of having my child outside of a hospital. I didn't realize how many bad experiences women have with healthcare providers. 12.6% of women have experienced being refused requests for help, ignored, and failed to respond to requests for help in a reasonable time.

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When looking at infant mortality rates I found it interesting that the leading cause for death during infancy is birth defects. I thought we had a lot of technology now that would be able to detect a birth defect early on and possibly give the parents a rate of survival if they continued with the pregnancy. There are almost 120 infant deaths due to birth defects per 100,000 live births. This statistic is from 2017 so I am curious to see an updated version of this to see if there have been any advancements to try and prevent these deaths from occurring.

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This is a screenshot from the Birth by the numbers site. 

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Infant Mortality Rate - Hailey McMenamin

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Infant Mortality Rate - Hailey McMenamin

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The attached image was the most interesting statistic. I think it is really interesting how much IMR varies across race/ethnicity. I researched a little more as to why and a lot of the reasons correspond to socioeconomic factors, access to healthcare, discrimination, preterm births, etc. I find this a bit disheartening. Seeing statistics like this makes me want to learn more about the steps we need to take to close this gap. What resources are missing, what support needs to be provided. Where can we step in, even just in our own community of Boise.

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Infant Breastfeeding Statistics - Kira Nims

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Infant Breastfeeding Statistics - Kira Nims

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I really enjoyed looking through the information about breastfeeding. In particular, it was interesting to look at the graph showing the percentage of mothers who chose to breastfeed at discharge depending on their age. There is an evident curve shown where the younger mothers, especially those under 20 years of age, breastfed less as well as the older mothers who were 40+ years of age. This curve peaked at the middle ages of 30-34. I want to guess this is due to possible lack of information about breastfeeding or health related reasons. Another fascinating fact that I read stated that White mothers were the least likely to be satisfied with the duration of their breastfeeding and Asian/Pacific Islander mothers were the most likely to be satisfied. I cannot imagine what causes this difference in satisfaction.

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U.S. Maternal Mortality Ratio Compared to Other Industrialized Countries- Ellie Lazdauskas

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U.S. Maternal Mortality Ratio Compared to Other Industrialized Countries- Ellie Lazdauskas

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Even with how advanced in technology our country has come to be, we still see the highest maternal mortality rates. Between 2021-22, The U.S. maternal mortality rate was about 22 in every 100,000 births. The rate is over two times the next highest rate which was Korea at about 9 in every 100,000 births. Many of the other countries have rates between 3 and 5, yet still have the same technologies that are used in the United States. I believe this points to an issue within our patient care model.

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Future Births At Home Statistics - Ryan Cralley

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Future Births At Home Statistics - Ryan Cralley

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The information illustrated almost two-thirds of women who had recently given birth in a hospital environment said they would not choose home birth in the future when asked about their individualized preferences for future birthing experiences. But one in nine women said they would definitely like to give birth at home the next time around. Furthermore, 18% of women reported being open to the possibility of giving birth at home. The previous information indicates an interest in home birth services, underscoring the significance of comprehending the requirements and concerns of expecting mothers who might be considering alternatives to conventional hospital deliveries.

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While looking at the statistics for out of hospital births, I found it interesting that almost every country trended down to giving birth out of hospitals. Starting in 1935 five different countries ranged from around 65% to 98% of people that didn't give birth in hospitals. This changed all the way to around 0% to 18% in the year 2022. I think this statistic makes sense because currently it is very safe to give birth in hospitals and many people find comfort in having doctors and heath care workers around them.

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Looking at the Out of Hospital Births section of the site, I found it interesting that Idaho had the highest percentage of at home births (4.8%) and that the majority of those births (87.2%) were actually planned out ahead of time. I would think that an at home birth would occur due to an extraordinary circumstance. Perhaps the mother lived in a rural area and was unable to make it to an appropriate facility in time, or the fear of catching an HAI (during COVID), lack of transportation or severe weather events. I may be biased since I have worked in a hospital and feel I would be more comfortable in that setting.

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While reading the article on infant mortality I was very shocked to learn that different regions of the country had higher or lower mortality rates. It was clear to see that the south east states actually had a higher infant mortality rate then more of the country. The south had 7.00-8.00 deaths per 1,000 live births which is very high compared to the northern states with less than 4.00 deaths per 1,000 live births. Why could this be that the south has a higher death rate? And what are some options for the healthcare system to improve these numbers?

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Cesarean Sections by State- Kaitlyn Beauchamp

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Cesarean Sections by State- Kaitlyn Beauchamp

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It was interesting to learn that the rates for cesarean sections were significantly different between the states. The southern states such as Mississippi and Louisiana had the highest rates of 38.5% and 37.1%, while Utah and Idaho had the two lowest with rates of 23.4% and 24.1%. It makes me wonder if cesarean sections are becoming more popular due to the control they provide during a stressful life event.

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I was astounded by the high rates of baby mortality and the noteworthy number of deaths—2,835,000 globally, with 21,100 child deaths—while looking at the "Leading Causes of Infant Death in 2017" graph. With 119.2 deaths per 100,000 live births, congenital abnormalities are the primary cause of infant mortality, according to the graph. Because of how shocking this statistic was, I was interested in learning about possible ways to lower this figure and whether anything had changed since then. Furthermore, the statistics indicated a greater number of newborn deaths in the United States Southeast, which begs the question of what geographical characteristics account for this discrepancy. Congenital abnormalities, short gestation and low birth weight, maternal difficulties of pregnancy, sudden infant death, and accidents were the top five causes of newborn death.

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Cesarean Rates by Insurance Status - Adan Nuno

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Cesarean Rates by Insurance Status - Adan Nuno

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When looking through the presentation, "Cesarean Section & Vaginal Births After Cesarean in the U.S.", I was interested in the statistics about different rates of C-sections over different insurance coverages. It was found that women with private insurance were nearly two percentage points more likely to have a Cesarean Section birth compared to women with Medicaid. These percentages were looked at over the course of 6 years and the percentages stayed consistent, only fluctuating by 1 or two percentage points, but private insurance still remained higher through all 6 years. Would anyone know why this may be?

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When reviewing the website I was interested in VBAC because there are a few women in my family who have had VBAC. Since 1990, 13 states have increased their cesarean rates by at least 50%. The highest rates still being in the deep South. However, Rhoda Island experienced the largest increase of cesarean rates between 1990 and 2023.

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I was intrigued about VBAC because I had heard that it was super dangerous to try to have a vaginal birth after having a c-section. It was super interesting to me that Idaho had a 5.6% increase in Cesarean births. This is one of the lowest increases in the Nation. Whereas Rhode Island had one of the largest changes with a 13.9% increase. They are such a small state which is surprising.

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Breastfeeding statistics related to having a midwife vs OBGYN

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Breastfeeding statistics related to having a midwife vs OBGYN

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A statistic I found interesting said that 76% of women who had a midwife were most likely to exclusively breastfeed where only 61% were to exclusively breastfeed who had an OBGYN. I found this interesting because I wouldn't have thought this would have anything to do with what type of birth experience a mother might have. -Sydney Tartaglia

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I was shocked to see that during 2017-2019, the timing of maternal mortality rates resulted in over 50% (23.3% for 7-42 days, and 30% for 43-365 days) of the deaths occurring from 1 week PPD to 1 year PPD. It makes me curious about what the follow-up care looks like for the mother and if there are some trends and areas where improvements need to be made.

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I found it interesting that the most common attendants for midwife care are white women at 73.5%, Hispanic or Latino women at 13.1%, black or African American women at 6.4%, and Asian women at 2.8%. "More white birthing people were cared for by other midwives than any other type of medical attendant and MDs delivered more Hispanic or Latino birthing people, Black or African American birthing people, and Asian birthing people. This data is limited by a lack of information about the birthing people’s insurance type, pregnancy risk level, and other factors that can influence choice of medical attendant." (Birth by the Numbers)

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I found it quite interesting that from 1989 to 2019 there has been a steady trend upwards of midwife attended births. For all births, in 1989 the percentage is about 3% and in 2019 that number was near 10%. That is surprising as I feel midwives are commonly looked down on more today than they were 25 years ago.

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It was quite shocking to me that there was over 500,000 intended home births in 2019. It's obviously a personal preference and not up for opinions but I personally could not imagine having a baby at home with no epidural or easy option to do emergency c section if needed. Midwives usually attended these births but still, thats different from being down the hall from an operating room and having 5 plus nurses/ other medial staff hands on ready to go in case anything were to happen. There was stats done to describe how home births are for more privacy as well as a variety of being mistreated. This was a wonderful topic to look into! It was super interesting.

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I honestly did not know that some hospitals discourage breastfeeding. I have never thought that the hospital had any sway in a mother's decision to breastfeed. I found it very interesting that there was a vast difference in mothers who chose to breastfeed in hospitals that support it versus ones that do not. There is a huge jump in the percentage of mothers that choose to breastfeed in the two types of hospitals. The ones that support it have 97% of mothers that want to breastfeed and the ones that don't have only 35%.

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Maternal Mortality Rates - Makenna Potter

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Maternal Mortality Rates - Makenna Potter

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After reading over the maternal mortality rates presentation, I thought the ascertainment facts about the pregnancy checkbox were interesting. While the checkbox contributes to some errors, it improved the identification of deaths related to pregnancy. There are some statistics listed that show states would have missed 50% of pregnancy related deaths that occurred during pregnancy, 11% of pregnancy related deaths within 42 days of the end of pregnancy, and 8% of deaths that happened 43 days to 1 year after pregnancy.

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Something that the show did touch on was how in the early 90s and 2000s Cesarean rates in hospitals were skyrocketing. From a chart on the website for the years 1989-2022 there is an overall trend for all races that shows a rise in cesarean births. In 1989 for WNH it was at 23.5% and in 2022 it was found at 31.1%, a 7.6% increase. For BNH it was around 22% in 1989 and in 2022 the rate increased to 36.8%, a 14.8% increase. Finally for HISP it was 21% in 1989 and in 2022 increased to 31.7, a 10.7% increase. Overall the rate at which mothers are receiving cesareans for their birth has increased significantly since 1989.

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Cesareans by Age & Race/Ethnicity, first-time mothers -Abby Servin

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Cesareans by Age & Race/Ethnicity, first-time mothers -Abby Servin

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I thought it was interesting to learn that the comparison between Black and White women (between their age, race, and ethnicity) is at a different equilibrium for the risk of cesarean birth. The women that are younger in age are at a lower risk compared to older women for Cesarean birth, but White women seem to always be at a lower risk compared to Black women. Meanwhile, both of the groups described in the research do not have an ethnic background. I'm curious to know what the statistics would look like if ethnicity did factor in this research for Cesarean births. Would it be a higher or lower risk?

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The first page I opened up to showed a graph of the rate of cesarean sections. Since 1989 C-sections have doubled in the U.S. The Eastern side of the U.S. has a higher rate of cesarean sections than the West, excluding California and Nevada. I think it interesting that Idaho, Utah, and South Dakota have the least amount of C-sections.

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When looking at the maternal mortality rates I noticed that the deaths of mothers happen within a year of birth not like I thought it was. I thought it was during or right after.

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When looking at the demographics of infant mortality rates, "...non-Hispanic Black infants experienced the highest mortality rate in the United States, at 11 deaths per 1,000 live

births Asian infants had the lowest IMR, at 3.78, followed by Non-Hispanic Whites at 4.67 deaths per 1,000 live births". I chose this fact because I thought the numbers were surprising, as Black infant deaths are almost double of what the IMR for Asian infants is.

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I thought it was interesting and quite sad that what is considered the south has the highest infant mortality rates in the country, with Mississippi and Arkansas having the highest rates of 8+ deaths per 1,000 live births. This can be attributed to the poorer demographics of the south, and more rural areas where there is less access to quality medical care, especially for women of color.

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Children Ever Breastfed by Parental Nativity - Joleen Montminy

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Children Ever Breastfed by Parental Nativity - Joleen Montminy

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When I looked at the Breastfeeding Rates in the U.S., there was a graph showing children being breastfed by parental nativity. Children who are born to one or more parents who were not born in the United States are more likely to be breastfed than children whose parents were born in the United States. They are approximately 6.8% more likely to be breastfed.

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I learned that since the 1990s, thirteen states have increased Cesarean rates by at least fifty-percent. The state, Rhode Island, had the largest absolute increase over a thirty-three year period. However, the United States ranks close to the bottom when compared to other industrial countries on vaginal births after cesarean (VBAC).