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Philosophers created the idea of matter made up of earth, water, air, and fore (the ¨elements¨).
- Thales
- Anaximander
- Anaximenes
- etc.

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Democritus predicted that matter was made of tiny particles called atoms.

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Aristotle denied the existence of atoms.

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Created the Atomic Theory.

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- Matter composed of small particles called atoms.
- Atoms of given element are identical to each other, but different from atoms of any other element.
- Atoms can't be created, divided, or destroyed.
- Different atoms combine in simple whole number ratios.
- In a chemical rxn, atoms are separated, combined, or rearranged.

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Scientists believed there to be a connection between matter and electricity, which led to the development of of cathode ray.
- Stream of charged particles.
- These particles are negative.

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Negatively charged particles that are part of all matter.
Proved Dalton wrong - atoms subdivided.

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Discovered Plum Pudding model

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Thomson proposed the plum pudding model of the atom, which had negatively charged electrons embedded within a positively-charged "soup."

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Discovered nucleus of the atom using thin gold film and alpha particles (positively charged).

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A piece of gold foil was hit with alpha particles, which have a positive charge. Most alpha particles went right through. This showed that the gold atoms were mostly empty space.

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Nucleus is a tiny, dense region in an atom; has the atoms positive charge and most of its mass.

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Due to his experiment in 1909, Rutherford was able to conclude that the Plum Pudding Model made by J.J. Thomson was incorrect.

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Made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum theory.

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Niels Bohr created the Bohr Model after studying the way glowing, hot hydrogen gives off light.

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Protons are positively charged atomic particles located in the nucleus, discovered by Rutherford.

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Chadwick proved the existence of neutrons in atoms.

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Chadwick discovered the neutron which is a subatomic particle in the nucleus with no charge but a lot of mass.

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Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom (1926)

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Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom (1926)

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Schrödinger used mathematical equations to describe the likelihood of finding an electron in a certain position.