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DNA bar coding is a way of identifying and accurately studying animals and plants or the products in which are made from them. With DNA bar coding, we use DNA sequence to help accurately identify each species of living.

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With DNA bar coding, first comes the step of DNA sample collection in which where we take a small sample of a living species to extract and amplify the DNA.

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In this step we have to isolate the DNA we are sampling.
1. First we remove the cellular debris and purify it so no other artifacts are interfering with our sample.
2. We then spin the tube to collect the debris at the bottom of the tube.
3. We then transfer supernatant to a new tube and add silica then mix.
4. We then incubate to bind the DNA so the silica resin.
5. Spin to collect debris at bottom of tube again
6. Remove supernatant
7. Wash and spin twice to remove impurities
8. Remove supernatant again then add water and incubate to release DNA from silica pellet
9. Spin to collect silica resin at bottom again then remove supernatant and store at -20 Celsius

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For this, we want to obtain DNA from the mitochondria in animals and chloroplasts in plants. Regions of mitochondrial COI gene and chloroplasts rbcL gene are used to retain enough DNA sequence to be amplified.

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Many copies of the barcode portion of COI and rbcL genes are used in polymerase chain reaction. A sample of DNA is transferred to a tube with PCR reagents and are mixed and placed in a thermocycle. It is then put in a PCR cycle and repeated 15 million times.

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Gel electrophoresis is a laboratory method used to separate mixtures of DNA, RNA, or proteins according to molecular size. In gel electrophoresis, the molecules to be separated are pushed by an electrical field through a gel that contains small pores

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DNA sequence is analyzed using DNA subway to analyze , identify, and related sequences, and identify species and evolutionary relationships.