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I think that this picture on the cover of the book is what the receiver looks like.

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This article about hallucinations reminded me of this chapter. In this chapter, I think Jonas was hallucinating, and he actually died. Jonas was also hearing things like echoing. This article talks about hearing things and hallucinating.

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Hallucinations are where someone sees, hears, smells, tastes or feels things that don't exist outside their mind.
They're common in people with schizophrenia, and are usually experienced as hearing voices.

Hallucinations can be frightening, but there's usually an identifiable cause. For example, they can occur as a result of:

See your GP straight away if you're experiencing hallucinations. The recommended treatment options for hallucinations will depend on the underlying cause. For example, antipsychotic medication may help with hallucinations for people living with schizophrenia.

Hallucinations can make you feel nervous, paranoid and frightened, so it's important to be with someone you can trust.

The following information explains the typical types of hallucinations, including why they occur and what you can do.

It covers:

hearing voices

drug-induced hallucinations

hallucinations and sleep

hallucinations in children with a fever

Charles Bonnet syndrome

hallucinations in older people with delirium

Hallucinations can also occur as a result of extreme tiredness or recent bereavement. However, these and other rarer causes are not covered here.

Hearing voices

Hearing voices in the mind is the most common type of hallucination in people with mental health conditions such as schizophrenia. The voices can be critical, complimentary or neutral, and may make potentially harmful commands or engage the person in conversation. They may give a running commentary on the person's actions.

The experience is usually very distressing, but it's not always negative. Some people who hear voices are able to live with them and get used to them, or may consider them a part of their life.

It's not uncommon for recently bereaved people to hear voices, and this may sometimes be the voice of their loved one.

Practical advice

If you're hearing voices, discuss any concerns you have with your GP. If necessary, they'll refer you to a psychiatrist. This is important in determining whether you have a serious mental illness.

If your voices are due to schizophrenia, the earlier your treatment is started, the better the outcome.

You may also find the following advice helpful:

talk to other voice hearers - the Hearing Voices Network is a UK-based charity that can give you help and support, and put you in touch with other people in a similar situation to you

be open to discussing your voices

try to understand where the voices come from, why and what triggers them

The Mental Health Foundation has more information and practical advice about how to deal with hearing voices.

Drug-induced hallucinations

Illegal drugs and alcohol

People can experience hallucinations when they're high on illegal drugs such as amphetamines, cocaine, LSD or ecstasy. They can also occur during withdrawal from alcohol or drugs if you suddenly stop taking them.

Drug-induced hallucinations are usually visual, but they may affect other senses. They can include flashes of light or abstract shapes, or they may take the form of an animal or person. More often, visual distortions occur that alter the person's perception of the world around them.

The hallucinations can occur on their own or as a part of drug-induced psychosis. After long-term drug use, they may cause schizophrenia.

Some people take cannabis to "calm themselves" and relieve their psychotic symptoms, without realising that in the longer term, the cannabis makes the psychosis worse.

Heavy alcohol use can also lead to psychotic states, hallucinations and dementia.

Find out how to get help for a drug problem.

Medication

Various prescription medicines can occasionally cause hallucinations. Elderly people may be at particular risk.

Hallucinations caused by medication can be dose-related and they usually stop when you stop taking the medicine. However, never stop taking a medicine without speaking to your doctor first and, if necessary, after being assessed by a psychiatrist.

Speak to your GP about how the medication is affecting you, so you can discuss the possibility of switching to another medicine.

Hallucinations and sleep

Some people experience hallucinations just as they're falling asleep (hypnagogic), or as they start to wake up (hypnopompic).

The hallucination may take the form of sounds, or the person may see things that don't exist, such as moving objects, or a formed image, such as a person (the person may think they've seen a ghost).

Hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations are particularly common in people with narcolepsy. However, they can also occur in people without narcolepsy or any disorder. They're essentially like dreams, and in themselves are nothing to worry about.

Hallucinations in children with a fever

Hallucinations can sometimes occur in children who are ill with a fever. Call your GP if your child is unwell with a body temperature of 38C or above and you think they're hallucinating.

In the meantime, stay calm, keep your child cool and reassure them. Encourage them to drink plenty of fluids and give them paracetamol or ibuprofen (always read the patient information leaflet to find out the correct dose and frequency for your child's age, and check they're not allergic to medicines you give). The hallucinations should pass after a few minutes.

Read more about fever in children.

Charles Bonnet syndrome

Some people with visual impairment may experience temporary visual hallucinations.

This is known as Charles Bonnet syndrome and it tends to affect older people who have started to lose their sight, although it can affect people of any age.

The hallucinations usually last for about 12 to 18 months and can take the form of simple, repeated patterns or complex images of people, objects or landscapes.

Some of the most common causes of visual impairment include:

age-related macular degeneration (AMD) - where the central part of the back of the eye (the macula, which plays an important role in central vision) stops working properly

cataracts - when changes in the lens of the eye cause it to become less transparent (clear)

glaucoma - where fluid builds up inside the eye, damaging the optic nerve (which relays information from the eye to the brain)

diabetic retinopathy - where blood vessels that supply the eye become damaged from a build-up of glucose

In the UK, around 100,000 people are thought to be affected by Charles Bonnet syndrome.

Hallucinations in older people with delirium

Hallucinations can sometimes occur in frail older people who are ill. The hallucinations may start before other signs that the person is unwell. They may be caused by a chest infection or urine infection, for example.

Call the GP or 111 if your elderly relative suddenly develops hallucinations, particularly if they appear unwell in any other way.

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Hallucinations are where someone sees, hears, smells, tastes or feels things that don't exist outside their mind. They're common in people with schizophrenia, and are usually experienced as hearing voices. Hallucinations can be frightening, but there's usually an identifiable cause. For example, they can occur as a result of: See your GP straight away if you're experiencing hallucinations.

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This article about the benefits of animals represents this chapter. I think that this article relates to this chapter because Jonas and Gabriel are seeing animals for the first time.

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The benefits of pets

Most pet owners are clear about the immediate joys that come with sharing their lives with companion animals. However, many of us remain unaware of the physical and mental health benefits that can also accompany the pleasure of snuggling up to a furry friend. It's only recently that studies have begun to scientifically explore the benefits of the human-animal bond.

Pets have evolved to become acutely attuned to humans and our behavior and emotions. Dogs, for example, are able to understand many of the words we use, but they're even better at interpreting our tone of voice, body language, and gestures. And like any good human friend, a loyal dog will look into your eyes to gauge your emotional state and try to understand what you're thinking and feeling (and to work out when the next walk or treat might be coming, of course).

Pets, especially dogs and cats, can reduce stress, anxiety, and depression, ease loneliness, encourage exercise and playfulness, and even improve your cardiovascular health. Caring for an animal can help children grow up more secure and active. Pets also provide valuable companionship for older adults. Perhaps most importantly, though, a pet can add real joy and unconditional love to your life.

Any pet can improve your health

While it's true that people with pets often experience greater health benefits than those without, a pet doesn't necessarily have to be a dog or a cat. A rabbit could be ideal if you're allergic to other animals or have limited space but still want a furry friend to snuggle with. Birds can encourage social interaction and help keep your mind sharp if you're an older adult. Snakes, lizards, and other reptiles can make for exotic companions. Even watching fish in an aquarium can help reduce muscle tension and lower your pulse rate.

Studies have shown that:

Pet owners are less likely to suffer from depression than those without pets.

People with pets have lower blood pressure in stressful situations than those without pets. One study even found that when people with borderline hypertension adopted dogs from a shelter, their blood pressure declined significantly within five months.

Playing with a dog, cat, or other pet can elevate levels of serotonin and dopamine, which calm and relax.

Pet owners have lower triglyceride and cholesterol levels (indicators of heart disease) than those without pets.

Heart attack patients with pets survive longer than those without.

Pet owners over age 65 make 30 percent fewer visits to their doctors than those without pets.

One of the reasons for these therapeutic effects is that pets fulfill the basic human need for touch. Even hardened criminals in prison show long-term changes in their behavior after interacting with pets, many of them experiencing mutual affection for the first time. Stroking, hugging, or otherwise touching a loving animal can rapidly calm and soothe you when you're stressed or anxious. The companionship of a pet can also ease loneliness, and most dogs are a great stimulus for healthy exercise, which can substantially boost your mood and ease depression.

How pets can improve your lifestyle

Adopting healthy lifestyle changes plays an important role in easing symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, bipolar disorder, and PTSD. Caring for a pet can help you make healthy lifestyle changes by:

Increasing exercise. Taking a dog for a walk, hike, or run are fun and rewarding ways to fit healthy daily exercise into your schedule. Studies have shown that dog owners are far more likely to meet their daily exercise requirements-and exercising every day is great for the animal as well. It will deepen the connection between you, eradicate most behavior problems in dogs, and keep your pet fit and healthy.

Providing companionship. Companionship can help prevent illness and even add years to your life, while isolation and loneliness can trigger symptoms of depression. Caring for an animal can help make you feel needed and wanted, and take the focus away from your problems, especially if you live alone. Most dog and cat owners talk to their pets, some even use them to work through their troubles. And nothing beats loneliness like coming home to a wagging tail or purring cat.

Helping you meet new people. Pets can be a great social lubricant for their owners, helping you start and maintain new friendships. Dog owners frequently stop and talk to each other on walks, hikes, or in a dog park. Pet owners also meet new people in pet stores, clubs, and training classes.

Reducing anxiety. The companionship of an animal can offer comfort, help ease anxiety, and build self-confidence for people anxious about going out into the world. Because pets tend to live in the moment-they don't worry about what happened yesterday or what might happen tomorrow-they can help you become more mindful and appreciate the joy of the present.

Adding structure and routine to your day. Many pets, especially dogs, require a regular feeding and exercise schedule. Having a consistent routine keeps an animal balanced and calm-and it can work for you, too. No matter your mood-depressed, anxious, or stressed-one plaintive look from your pet and you'll have to get out of bed to feed, exercise, and care for them.
[Read: Coping with Depression]
Providing sensory stress relief. Touch and movement are two healthy ways to quickly manage stress. Stroking a dog, cat, or other animal can lower blood pressure and help you quickly feel calmer and less stressed.

Get a dog, lose weight

The benefits of pets for older adults

As well as providing vital companionship, owning a pet can play an important role in healthy aging by helping you to:

Find meaning and joy in life. As you age, you'll lose things that previously occupied your time and gave your life purpose. You may retire from your career or your children may move far away. Caring for a pet can bring pleasure and help boost your morale, optimism, and sense of self-worth. Choosing to adopt a pet from a shelter, especially an older pet, can add to your sense of fulfillment, knowing that you've provided a home to a pet that may otherwise have been euthanized.
[Read: Cultivating Happiness]
Stay connected. Maintaining a social network isn't always easy as you grow older. Retirement, illness, death, and relocation can take away close friends and family members. And making new friends can get harder. Pets, especially dogs, are a great way for older adults to spark up conversations and meet new people.

Boost your vitality. You can overcome many of the physical challenges associated with aging by taking good care of yourself. Dogs, cats, and other pets encourage playfulness, laughter, and exercise, which can help boost your immune system and increase your energy.

How pets help adults with Alzheimer's disease or dementia

As part of the disease, Alzheimer's patients may exhibit a variety of behavioral problems, many related to an inability to deal with stress.

Research at the University of California at Davis concluded that Alzheimer's patients suffer less stress and have fewer anxious outbursts if there is a dog or cat in the home.

Pets can provide a source of positive, nonverbal communication. The playful interaction and gentle touch from a well-trained, docile animal can help soothe an Alzheimer's patient and decrease aggressive behavior-as can simply being exposed to bright aquariums or fish tanks.

In many cases a patient's problem behavior is a reaction to the stressed response of the primary caretaker. Pets can help ease the stress of caregivers. Cats or caged animals may be more suitable than dogs, which generally require more care and can add to the burden of someone who's already looking after an Alzheimer's patient.

The benefits of pets for children

Not only do children who grow up with pets have less risk of allergies and asthma, many also learn responsibility, compassion, and empathy from having a dog or cat.
[Read: Raising Emotionally Intelligent Children]

Unlike parents or teachers, pets are never critical and don't give orders. They are always loving and their mere presence at home can help provide a sense of security in children. Having an ever-present pet can help ease separation anxiety in children when mom and dad aren't around.

Having the love and companionship of a pet can make a child feel important and help them develop a positive self-image.

Kids who are emotionally attached to their pets are better able to build relationships with other people.

Studies have also shown that pets can help calm hyperactive or overly aggressive kids. Of course, both the animal and the child need to be trained to behave appropriately with each other.

A pet can help develop a young and expanding mind by teaching a child empathy and understanding. Kids can talk with their pet without a fear of rejection, which enables them to build their confidence, and even their vocabulary.

Getting even a small, caged pet, such as a guinea pig or hamster, is a great way to teach a child responsibility.

Like adults, children can benefit from playing with a pet. It can be a source of calmness and relaxation, as well as a source of stimulation for the brain and body. Playing with a pet can even be a doorway to learning for a child. It can stimulate a child's imagination and curiosity. The rewards of training a dog to perform a new trick, for example, can teach kids the importance of perseverance. Caring for a furry friend can also offer another benefit to a child: immense joy.

Children with learning disorders and other challenges

Some children with autism or other learning difficulties are better able to interact with pets than people. Autistic children often rely on nonverbal cues to communicate, just as animals do. And learning to first connect with a pet may even help an autistic child in their interactions with people.

Pets can help children with learning disabilities learn how to regulate stress and calm themselves, making them better equipped to overcome the challenges of their disorder.

Playing and exercising with a dog or cat can help a child with learning disorders stay alert and attentive throughout the day. It can also be a great antidote to stress and frustration caused by the learning disability.

Learning to ride a horse at a local riding stable can help elevate the self-esteem of disabled children, putting them on a more equal level with kids without disabilities.

Owning a pet is a major commitment

Despite all the benefits, it's important to remember that a pet is not a miracle cure for mental health issues. Owning a pet is beneficial and comforting only for those who love and appreciate domestic animals and have the time and money to keep a pet happy and healthy. If you're simply not an "animal person," pet ownership is not going to provide you with any health benefits or improve your life.

Even if you love animals, it's important to understand everything that caring for a pet entails. Owning a pet is a major commitment that will last through the animal's lifetime, perhaps 10 or 15 years in the case of dogs. And at the end of that commitment, you'll face the grief and mourning that comes with losing a beloved companion.
[Read: Coping with Losing a Pet]
Other drawbacks to owning a pet include:

Pets cost money. Food bills, veterinary care, licenses, grooming costs, toys, bedding, boarding fees, and other maintenance expenses can mount up. If you're unemployed or elderly, on a limited fixed income, it may be a struggle to cope with the expense of pet ownership.

Pets require time and attention. As any dog owner will tell you, there's nothing therapeutic about coming home to a dog that has been locked up in the house on his own all day. Dogs need daily exercise to stay calm and well-balanced; most other pets require at least daily care and attention.

Owning a pet can curb some of your social activity. A dog can only be left alone for a limited time. By training your dog, you'll be able to take him with you to visit friends, run errands, or sit outside a coffee shop, for example, but you won't be able to leave for a spur of the moment weekend away without arranging care for your pet first.

Pets can be destructive. Any pet can have an occasional accident at home. Some cats may be prone to shredding upholstery, some dogs to chewing shoes. While training can help eradicate negative, destructive behavior, they remain common in animals left alone without exercise or stimulation for long periods of time.

Pets require responsibility. Most dogs, regardless of size and breed, are capable of inflicting injury on people if not handled responsibly by their owners. Even cats can scratch or bite. Pet owners need to be alert to any danger, especially around children.

Pets carry health risks for some people. While there are some diseases that can be transmitted from cats and dogs to their human handlers, allergies are the most common health risk of pet ownership. If you or a family member has been diagnosed with a pet allergy, carefully consider whether you can live with the symptoms before committing to pet ownership. Also consider that some friends or relatives with allergies may no longer be able to visit your home if you have a pet.

How to find the perfect pet

If you've decided that owning a pet is right for you, congratulations: you're about to open your life to a unique and rewarding relationship. While people who have pets tend to be happier, more independent, and feel more secure than those without pets, it's important to select the type of pet that best suits your needs and lifestyle.
[Read: Choosing the Right Dog]
Talk to other members of your household and agree on the qualities you want in a pet and those that you'd prefer to avoid.

Lifestyle considerations that influence your choice in a pet

Little outdoor activity. If most of your time is spent at home, consider pets that would be happy to stay with you in that environment. You may enjoy playing with or cuddling a cat or a bunny; taking leisurely walks with an older dog; watching fish or reptiles; or talking or singing along with a bird.

High activity level. If you're more active and enjoy daily activities outside of your home, especially walking or running, an energetic dog might be right for you. Canine companions thrive on outdoor exercise, keeping you on the move.

Small children and the elderly. Families with small children or elderly living in their homes should consider the size and energy level of a pet. Puppies and kittens are usually very active, but delicate creatures that must be handled with care. Large or rambunctious dogs could accidentally harm or knock over a small child or adult who is unsteady on his or her feet.

Other animals in household. Consider the ongoing happiness and ability to adjust of the pets you already have. While your cat or a dog might love to have an animal friend to play with, a pet that has had exclusive access to your attentions may resent sharing you.

Home environment. If a neat, tidy home, free of animal hair, occasional muddy footprints and "accidents" is important, then a free-roaming dog or long-haired cat may not be the best choice. You may want to choose pets that are confined to their quarters, such as fish, birds, hamsters, or reptiles.

Landscaping concerns. With certain pets, your landscaping will suffer. Many dogs will be tempted to dig holes in your lawn, and dog urine can leave yellow patches-some say unaltered females cause the most damage.

Time commitment. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, keep in mind that you'll be making a commitment that will last the lifetime of the pet-perhaps 10, 15, or 20 years with a dog or cat; as many as 30 years or more with a bird. You can, of course, consider adopting an older dog or cat from a shelter or rescue group and provide a deserving animal with a loving home for its senior years.

Ultimately, when choosing a pet, be honest with yourself about the lifestyle you enjoy and the kind of pet you'd like to care for. If you're in doubt about caring for a larger animal, start small, get a fish or a smaller, caged animal. See how it fits and go from there.

Shelter and rescue animals

Whether mixed breed or purebred, dogs and cats adopted from a shelter or rescue group make excellent pets. For the most part, pets end up in a shelter through no fault of their own. Their owner may have died or moved to a place that doesn't allow pets, or the pet may have simply been abandoned by irresponsible owners who bought them on a whim and later discovered that they were unable or unwilling to care for them properly. If any shelter or rescue animal exhibits aggressive behavior, it is typically euthanized rather than offered for adoption.

Rescue groups try to find suitable homes for unwanted or abandoned dogs, cats, and other pets, many taken from shelters where they would otherwise have been euthanized. Volunteers usually take care of the animals until they can find a permanent home. This means that rescuers are often very familiar with a pet's personality and can help advise you on whether the pet would make a good match for your needs.

By adopting an animal from a shelter or rescue organization, you'll not only be giving a home to a deserving pet, but you'll also likely be saving an animal's life.

Avoid puppies sold in pet stores and online

Choosing between a dog or a cat

Dogs and cats are the most common household pets. While on occasion, you'll see someone walking a cat on a leash or a dog that uses a litter box, typically the needs and natural behaviors of dogs and cats are different:

Indoors or outdoors

Cats: House cats do enjoy being outdoors sometimes, but can wander off.

Dogs: Dogs need daily exercise and walks outdoors. Even if you have a large, fenced backyard where they can run and go to the bathroom, they will still need a daily walk.

Training

Cats: Essential training of cats usually includes using the litter box and not clawing furniture. Cats resist training.

Dogs: Dogs need much more training than cats. Most dogs enjoy training, because it gives them something to do. They also have an innate desire to please their people.

Personality

Cats: If you love serenity and independence mixed with playfulness, a cat is more likely to satisfy you.

Dogs: If you want to be greeted exuberantly every time you come home, a dog is a better choice.
[Read: Choosing the Right Cat]
Sociability

Cats: Cats are often content to be left alone (except, of course, when you'd rather they leave you alone).

Dogs: Dogs tend to thrive on interaction with humans and other dogs.

Alternatives to pet ownership

If you don't have the time, money, or ability to own a pet full-time, there are still ways you can experience the health benefits of being around animals. Even short periods spent with a dog or cat can benefit both you and the animal.

You can ask to walk a neighbor's dog, for example, or volunteer at an animal shelter. Most animal shelters or rescue groups welcome volunteers to help care for homeless pets or assist at adoption events. You'll not only be helping yourself, but also helping to socialize and exercise the animals, making them more adoptable.

Some animal shelters and rescue groups offer pet "rental" programs. Dogs and cats that are available for adoption can be taken out for walks or play dates. You can also foster an animal temporarily until a permanent home is found for him, or to decide if the animal is right for you.

A variety of different organizations offer specially trained therapy dogs and cats to visit children's hospitals, assisted living facilities, nursing homes, hospice programs, shelters, and schools. During these visits, people are invited to pet and stroke the animals, which can improve mood and reduce stress and anxiety.

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The Health and Mood-Boosting Benefits of Pets - HelpGuide.org

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Caring for a dog, cat, or other pet can help to ease loneliness, relieve stress, anxiety, and depression, and provide unconditional love.

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This article reminds me of this chapter. This article talks about the health benefits to riding a bicycle. In this chapter, Jonas is riding a bicycle with Gabriel on the back.

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To be fit and healthy you need to be physically active. Regular physical activity can help protect you from serious diseases such as obesity, heart disease, cancer, mental illness, diabetes and arthritis. Riding your bicycle regularly is one of the best ways to reduce your risk of health problems associated with a sedentary lifestyle.

Cycling is a healthy, low-impact exercise that can be enjoyed by people of all ages, from young children to older adults. It is also fun, cheap and good for the environment.

Riding to work or the shops is one of the most time-efficient ways to combine regular exercise with your everyday routine. An estimated one billion people ride bicycles every day - for transport, recreation and sport.

Cycling for health and fitness

It only takes two to four hours a week to achieve a general improvement to your health. Cycling is:

Low impact - it causes less strain and injuries than most other forms of exercise.

A good muscle workout- cycling uses all of the major muscle groups as you pedal.

Easy - unlike some other sports, cycling does not require high levels of physical skill. Most people know how to ride a bike and, once you learn, you don't forget.

Good for strength and stamina- cycling increases stamina, strength and aerobic fitness.

As intense as you want- cycling can be done at very low intensity to begin with, if recovering from injury or illness, but can be built up to a demanding physical workout.

A fun way to get fit- the adventure and buzz you get from coasting down hills and being outdoors means you are more likely to continue to cycle regularly, compared to other physical activities that keep you indoors or require special times or places.

Time-efficient - as a mode of transport, cycling replaces sedentary (sitting) time spent driving motor vehicles or using trams, trains or buses with healthy exercise.

Health benefits of regular cycling

Cycling is mainly an aerobic activity, which means that your heart, blood vessels and lungs all get a workout. You will breathe deeper, perspire and experience increased body temperature, which will improve your overall fitness level.

The health benefits of regular cycling include:

increased cardiovascular fitness

increased muscle strength and flexibility

improved joint mobility

decreased stress levels

improved posture and coordination

strengthened bones

decreased body fat levels

prevention or management of disease

reduced anxiety and depression.

Cycling and specific health issues

Cycling can improve both physical and mental health, and can reduce the chances of experiencing many health problems.

Obesity and weight control

Cycling is a good way to control or reduce weight, as it raises your metabolic rate, builds muscle and burns body fat. If you're trying to lose weight, cycling must be combined with a healthy eating plan. Cycling is a comfortable form of exercise and you can change the time and intensity - it can be built up slowly and varied to suit you.

Research suggests you should be burning at least 8,400 kilojoules (about 2,000 calories) a week through exercise. Steady cycling burns about 1,200 kilojoules (about 300 calories) per hour.

If you cycle twice a day, the kilojoules burnt soon add up. British research shows that a half-hour bike ride every day will burn nearly five kilograms of fat over a year.

Cardiovascular disease and cycling

Cardiovascular diseases include stroke, high blood pressure and heart attack. Regular cycling stimulates and improves your heart, lungs and circulation, reducing your risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Cycling strengthens your heart muscles, lowers resting pulse and reduces blood fat levels. Research also shows that people who cycle to work have two to three times less exposure to pollution than car commuters, so their lung function is improved. A Danish study conducted over 14 years with 30,000 people aged 20 to 93 years found that regular cycling protected people from heart disease.

Cancer and cycling

Many researchers have studied the relationship between exercise and cancer, especially colon and breast cancer. Research has shown that if you cycle, the chance of bowel cancer is reduced. Some evidence suggests that regular cycling reduces the risk of breast cancer.

Diabetes and cycling

The rate of type 2 diabetes is increasing and is a serious public health concern. Lack of physical activity is thought to be a major reason why people develop this condition. Large-scale research in Finland found that people who cycled for more than 30 minutes per day had a 40 per cent lower risk of developing diabetes.

Bone injuries, arthritis and cycling

Cycling improves strength, balance and coordination. It may also help to prevent falls and fractures. Riding a bike is an ideal form of exercise if you have osteoarthritis, because it is a low-impact exercise that places little stress on joints.

Cycling does not specifically help osteoporosis (bone-thinning disease) because it is not a weight-bearing exercise.

Mental illness and cycling

Mental health conditions such as depression, stress and anxiety can be reduced by regular bike riding. This is due to the effects of the exercise itself and because of the enjoyment that riding a bike can bring.

Hand cycling and health

Hand cycles are similar to recumbent tricycles, but they are powered with hand instead of foot pedals. Velcro straps can be used to secure the hands to the pedals if necessary.

This style of tricycle allows amputees, people with spinal injuries and those recovering from certain conditions such as stroke to cycle as a form of exercise and recreation. Hand cyclists get cardiovascular and aerobic benefits similar to those of other cyclists.

Where to get help

Things to remember

Cycling can help to protect you from serious diseases such as stroke, heart attack, some cancers, depression, diabetes, obesity and arthritis.

Riding a bike is healthy, fun and a low-impact form of exercise for all ages.

Cycling is easy to fit into your daily routine by riding to the shops, park, school or work.

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Cycling can help to protect you from serious diseases.

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I think that Jonas might be hallucinating. At the start of Jonas’ journey, he was given the memory of snow, and he was also given a memory of christmas. I think that the sledding represents the memory of snow and the lights represent the memory of christmas. I think that Jonas did because he was so tired and hungry, and he was just hallucinating.

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I think that Jonas and Gabriel might have to drink rain water and eat animals to survive. I think that Jonas and Gabriel probably will not survive and make it to Elsewhere.

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I think that Jonas and Gabriel will not get caught. I don’t think they will get caught because the planes are slowing down, and have stopped looking. I think that Asher and Fiona might try to look for Jonas.

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This photo represents the snow hill that Jonas and Gabriel were sledding on.

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This photo of two deer represents this chapter. I think this photo is a good photo to represent this chapter because in this chapter Jonas and Gabriel are bicycling to try and get to Elsewhere. They see a lot of different animals throughout the journey.

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I imagine that Jonas and Gabriel are in a place that looks like this. I think that it looks like a long, never-ending field.

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Inadequate -  lacking the quality or quantity required; insufficient for a purpose.: "these labels prove to be wholly inadequate" "inadequate funding".

Imperceptible - impossible to perceive.: "his head moved in an almost imperceptible nod".

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Warble - sing softly and with a succession of constantly changing notes

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Languid - (of a person, manner, or gesture) displaying or having a disinclination for physical exertion or effort; slow and relaxed.: "they turned with languid movements from back to front so as to tan evenly".

Taut -  taut comparative adjective: tauter superlative adjective: tautest

Haphazard - lacking any obvious principle of organization.: "the kitchen drawers contained a haphazard collection of silver souvenir spoons".

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- Jonas

- Gabriel

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- Jonas
- Gabriel

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1) Jonas

2) Father

3) Mother

4) Gabriel

5) Lily

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1) Did Jonas die?

A)

2) Did anyone ever find their bodies if they did die?

A)

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1) What will Jonas and Gabriel eat?

Jonas and Gabriel brought some food with them, but they did run out. Jonas did need to cut a fish for him and Gabriel to eat.

2) Will Jonas and Gabriel make it to Elsewhere without food, or sleep?

I think that Jonas and Gabriel unfortunately passed away. At the end of the book, Jonas and Gabriel were so tired and hungry that I think they were just hallucinating.

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1) Will Jonas and Gabriel get caught?

Jonas and Gabriel do not get caught. There were planes flying over the community looking for them, but they were not found.

2) Will Jonas' friends come looking for him?

No, Asher and Fiona did not go looking for Jonas.

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- In this chapter, Jonas is escaping the community.

- Jonas takes Gabriel with him.

- Jonas is very tired and hungry.

- Jonas and Gabriel are both freezing cold.

- Jonas sees a snowhill and he and Gabriel go sledding.

- Jonas hears echoing and it sounds like singing.

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- Jonas says that the road is changing, and it is getting more difficult to balance on his bicycle.

- One night, Jonas fell off of his bicycle and sprained his ankle.

- Jonas and Gabriel see their first bird.

- Jonas and Gabriel can now see all kinds of different animals.

- Jonas is very hungry, and he tries to remember times where he had meals delivered to his dwelling each day.

- It has been raining for the past two days.

- Jonas and Gabriel are crying  because they are too weak and tired.

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- It is the night that Jonas must flee the community.

- Jonas feels sad that he left his friends behind.

- Jonas’ father reveals that Gabriel will be released.

- Jonas decides to take Gabriel with him to save his life.

- Jonas gives Gabriel a memory of exhaustion so he can fall asleep.

- There are planes flying over the community looking for Jonas and Gabriel.

- The amount of planes looking for him started to slow down.

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- The Giver

- Jonas

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- The Giver

- Jonas

- Jonas’s father

- Rosemary

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In this chapter, the children are playing a way game. Today, there are so many people that don’t have access to clean drinking water. A lot of countries that are at war, don’t have access to clean drinking water. This article about clean drinking water reminded me of this chapter.

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I imagine that the children are playing in a field that looks like this. On the left side, it shows what I think Jonas can see. On the right side, it shows what I think the other children can see.

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This article about children spending time outside reminds me of this chapter. In the chapter, we learn that the people can’t see the sun, or go sledding. I think it is really important for kids to be able to go outside and be exposed to sunlight.

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This photo reminds me of this chapter. This photo reminds me of when Jonas was receiving the memory of sledding.

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This article about war reminded me a lot of this chapter. This article talks about the war in Ukraine and Russia. In this chapter, it seems like this boy is in a place where a war is happening.

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I think that this memory takes place somewhere that looks like this. I think that this memory takes place in a desert.

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This photo reminds me of how Jonas described the memory the giver gave him.

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The connection that I made in this chapter is Jonas really likes Christmas and family. Most children in our world love Christmas and family as well.

This article also reminds me of this chapter because it talks about children loving Christmas.

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Mince pies, sausage rolls, Christmas cake, Christmas pudding and the little green footballs, Christmas is a time for feasting and maybe for parents to relax the sugar rules a little - but it isn't just eating the food that kids love. Get them involved in the kitchen, it may be messy, but it's a lot of fun!

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what do kids actually love about christmas

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What do Kids Actually Love About Christmas

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Mince pies, sausage rolls, Christmas cake, Christmas pudding and the little green footballs, Christmas is a time for feasting and maybe for parents to relax the sugar rules a little - but it isn't just eating the food that kids love. Get them involved in the kitchen, it may be messy, but it's a lot of fun!

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- The giver gives Jonas a memory about Christmas and family.

- Jonas asks his family if they love him.

- Jonas' parents tell Jonas not to use the word love.

- Jonas gives Gabriel happy memories.

- Jonas likes the feeling of love, so he decides not to take his pills anymore.

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https://caringforkids.cps.ca/handouts/safety-and-injury-prevention/water_safety

This article about water safety reminded me of this chapter. I made this connection because in this chapter, the Giver says he is going to tell everyone that Jonas was lost in the river. This article talks about water safety, and in the story everyone will think Jonas drowned.

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One prediction that I have is Jonas will not escape alone. I think that Jonas will end up bringing someone with him when he is escaping the community. I think Jonas might take Gabriel, or Fiona. I think Jonas would take Gabriel because they are so similar, and Jonas shares memories with Gabriel. I think that Jonas would take Fiona because they are good friends, and Jonas would miss Fiona’s company if he left her.

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This photo reminds me of this chapter. I think that once Jonas escapes, when he passes a certain point all of the memories will be shared with the community. I think this picture represents one side being the community Jonas lives in now, and the other side being elsewhere.

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Emphatically - in a forceful way.

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1) Will Jonas be able to successfully escape the community?

The end of the book made it so you can kind of interpret your own ending. The book ends with Jonas and Gabriel sledding down a hill together. Jonas did escape the community without getting caught. However, Jonas and Gabriel were so exhausted and hungry that it seems like they are probably hallucinating.

2) Will Jonas go alone?

No, Jonas decides to take Gabriel with him. Jonas takes Gabriel with him because Jonas' father was going to perform a release on Gabriel the next day if he did not take Gabriel with him.

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- In this chapter, Jonas and the Giver make a plan for Jonas to escape the community.

- Jonas is going to sneak out of his dwelling in the middle of the night.

- Jonas is going to leave the community.

- The giver is going to tell the community that Jonas was lost in the river.

- The giver says that he can’t go with Jonas.

- The giver says that after he is done helping the community he wants to be with his daughter.

- The giver tells Jonas that Rosemary is his daughter.

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This article about blood work reminds me of this chapter. In this chapter, Jonas sees his father inject a syringe into a baby's vein. In this article, it talks about how when you get blood work done, the needle needs to go into the vein. I made this connection while reading this chapter.

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It's likely that at some point in your life, you'll have blood drawn for either a medical test or for donating blood. The process for either procedure is similar and usually much less painful than most people think.

Read on to find out how to prepare for your next blood draw. If you're a medical professional, we'll provide a few tips for enhancing blood drawing techniques.

Before you have a blood draw, it's important to know if you need to follow special instructions before your test.

For example, some tests require that you fast (don't eat or drink anything) for a certain amount of time. Others don't require you to fast at all.

If you don't have any special instructions other than an arrival time, there are still some steps you can take to try to make this process easier:

Drink plenty of water before your appointment. When you're hydrated, your blood volume goes up, and your veins are plumper and easier to access.

Eat a healthy meal before you go. Choosing one with plenty of protein and whole-grain carbohydrates may prevent you from feeling light-headed after giving blood.

Wear a short-sleeved shirt or layers. This makes accessing your veins easier.

Stopping taking aspirin at least two days before your blood draw if you're donating platelets.

You may wish to mention if you have a preferred arm for a person to draw blood from. This could be your nondominant arm or an area where you know a person taking your blood has had success before.

The time it takes for a blood draw usually depends upon the amount of blood needed.

For example, donating blood can take about 10 minutes, while obtaining a small amount of blood for a sample may take just a few minutes.

While the process may vary depending on who is drawing the blood and for what purpose, the person performing the blood draw will follow this general procedure:

Ask you to expose one arm, and then place a tight elastic band known as a tourniquet around that limb. This makes the veins back up with blood and be easier to identify.

Identify a vein that appears easy to access, specifically a large, visible vein. They may feel a vein to assess the borders and how large it may be.

Clean the targeted vein with an alcohol pad or other cleansing method. It's possible they may have difficulty accessing the vein when they insert the needle. If this is the case, they may need to try another vein.

Insert a needle successfully into the skin to access the vein. The needle is usually connected to special tubing or a syringe to collect blood.

Release the tourniquet and remove the needle from the arm, applying gentle pressure with a gauze or bandage to prevent further bleeding. The person drawing blood will likely cover the puncture site with a bandage.

Some blood product types may take longer to donate. This is true for a special type of blood donation known as apheresis. A person donating via this method is providing blood that can be separated into further components, such as platelets or plasma.

While drawing blood is ideally a fast and minimally painful experience, it's possible that some people will feel very nervous about getting stuck with a needle or seeing their own blood.

Here are some ways to minimize these reactions and stay calm:

Focus on taking deep, full breaths before getting a blood draw. By focusing on your breathing, you can relieve mental tension and naturally relax your body.

Take your headphones and listen to music before and during the draw. This allows you to block out an environment that might otherwise make you feel nervous.

Have the person taking your blood tell you to look away before they bring a needle near your arm.

Ask if there are devices or methods the person drawing blood can use to minimize discomfort. For example, some facilities will use numbing creams or small lidocaine injections (a local anesthetic) before inserting a needle into the vein. This can help minimize discomfort.

Use a device like Buzzy, a small vibrating tool that can be placed nearby that helps reduce the discomfort of needle insertion.

The person drawing your blood has likely seen nervous individuals about to have their blood drawn before. Explain your concerns, and they can help walk you through what to expect.

Most blood draws cause minimal side effects. However, it's possible you could experience some of the following:

bleeding

bruising

lightheadedness (especially after donating blood)

rash

skin irritation from tape or adhesive from an applied bandage

soreness

Most of these will subside with time. If you still experience bleeding from a puncture site, try holding pressure with a clean, dry gauze for at least five minutes. If the site continues to bleed and soak bandages, see a doctor.

You should also see a doctor if you experience a large blood bruise known as a hematoma at the puncture site. A large hematoma can block blood flow to the tissues. However, smaller (less than dime-sized) hematomas will often go away on their own with time.

Even if you've had a small amount of blood drawn, there are still steps you can follow to enhance how you feel afterward:

Keep your bandage on for the recommended amount of time (unless you experience skin irritation at the puncture site). This is usually at least four to six hours after your blood draw. You may need to leave it on longer if you take blood-thinning medications.

Refrain from doing any vigorous exercise, which could stimulate blood flow and may cause bleeding from the site.

Eat foods rich in iron, such as leafy green vegetables or iron-fortified cereals. These can help replenish lost iron stores to build your blood supply back up.

Apply a cloth-covered ice pack to your arm or hand if you have soreness or bruising at the puncture site.

Snack on energy-boosting foods, such as cheese and crackers and a handful of nuts, or half of a turkey sandwich.

If you do experience any symptoms that you're worried are out of the ordinary, call your doctor or the location that did your blood draw.

Blood draws and blood donations should be a minimally painless process that has few side effects.

If you're interested in donating blood, consider contacting your local hospital or the American Red Cross, which can direct you to a blood donation site.

If you do have concerns about side effects or the process itself, share these with the person taking your blood. There are many ways to soothe nerves and make the process smoother overall.

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How Blood Is Drawn: Procedure, Tips to Relax, and More

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Getting your blood drawn will likely happen at some point in your life, whether for a blood test or donating blood. We'll walk you through the typical procedure so you know what to expect, and give some tips for both patients and providers for a good experience.

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Jonas wants to change the community by running away, because when he runs away the memories get released to the community. In this chapter, when they were watching the tv and described it as not very good quality. This makes me think that this took place a while ago. Jonas is very brave, and he is willing to sacrifice his life to fix the community.

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This photo of a hospital room is what I imagine the place where the baby was released looks like

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Receptacle - an object or space used to contain something.: "trash receptacles".

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1) Where does the baby's body go?

This question was not answered in the book, but if I were to guess I think they are probably disposed.

2) Why do they record all of the releases?

This question was not answered in the book, but if I were to guess I think it is just to keep track of who was released.

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- In this chapter, Jonas learns what it means to be released.

- Jonas is wondering what happened when his father performed a release on the twins this morning.

- The Giver tells Jonas that all release ceremonies are recorded.

- The giver turns the recording onto the television.

- Jonas sees his father weigh the babies.

- The heavier baby goes onto the center, and the lighter baby needs to be released.

- Jonas’s father takes a syringe and inserts a clear liquid into the baby’s forehead.

- After a few seconds, the baby dies.

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Worldwide, 844 million people lack access to drinking water, and 2.3 billion do not have access to latrines or other basic sanitation facilities. Contaminated water and poor sanitation are among the leading causes of death for children under 5. Without access to clean water, proper sanitation and hygiene facilities, children face an increased risk of preventable diseases, malnutrition and other critical health issues.

Through targeted water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) construction projects, UNICEF works to bring clean water, essential sanitation and hygiene facilities to homes, schools and health centres so that children can grow and learn in a safe environment. Recently, UNICEF has been building increasingly complex WASH projects.

UNICEF's construction initiatives directly support Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6, working towards ensuring that all children have access to safe and clean drinking water and sanitation facilities.

Building resilience in South Sudan's water supply

Conflict in South Sudan began in 2013 and has inflicted extensive damage to the country's water infrastructure. By 2017, an estimated 5.1 million people in South Sudan did not have consistent access to safe water and sanitation facilities. Lack of access to clean water contributed to the acute malnutrition suffered by an estimated 1.1 million children in South Sudan at the time.

UNICEF has been supporting numerous projects to rehabilitate water treatment infrastructure in the country. One such project is the Lologo water treatment plant in the capital city of Juba, supported by the Government of Germany through the KfW Development Bank. This project draws water from the Nile River, purifies it and pumps it across the city, including to camps hosting internally displaced persons affected by conflict.

UNICEF is currently training technical staff and distributors as a part of the handover process to local authorities. The pipeline will supply 4.6 million litres of water per day, pumping water to three large reservoirs which house up to 300,000 litres each. This infrastructure will supply clean drinking water to over 100,000 people, including internally displaced persons affected by the conflict in South Sudan.

UNICEF continues to support the development of safe water infrastructure across South Sudan. In 2021, UNICEF helped drill boreholes at 87 schools, providing 43,500 children access to safe water.

Bringing drinking water to schools, health centres and communities

In the Central African Republic, progress towards SDG 6 has been hindered due to conflict that has been ongoing since 2013. The conflict has led to the breakdown or destruction of water treatment works, pollution of wells and increased risks in accessing water points. The country's drinking water coverage rate is very low at 37 per cent. In 2021, 2.5 million people did not have access to basic water, hygiene and sanitation (WASH) - an 8 per cent increase compared to 2020.

Between 2018 and 2021, UNICEF built latrines and solar-driven water supply systems in 63 schools and 17 health centres. UNICEF also rehabilitated 225 drinking water points and constructed 60 new points. The combined projects provide more than 138,000 children access clean water and sanitation.

UNICEF is also driving global innovation in WASH solutions. Read about our innovations in sustainable WASH facilities in China or our hand-washing stations in Ecuador.

Achieving SDG 6 requires complex construction projects

UNICEF is now undertaking increasingly complex projects to resolve some of the most intractable development and humanitarian water challenges.

Iraq faces significant water scarcity challenges, affecting peace and security throughout the region. The country is affected by climate change-induced drought, and water scarcity is exacerbated by ongoing conflict. Due to falling oil prices in the period prior to the project, the Government experienced significant challenges sustaining funds for the operation and maintenance of water treatment infrastructure. Many water treatment facilities are aged, degraded or eroded, and, as a result, the water produced is not safe to drink. Fourteen per cent of rural households do not have access to drinking water and basic sanitation.

UNICEF is working in Iraq to increase access to safe water for internally displaced persons returning to their communities. UNICEF designed and constructed a modern filter system at the Al-Qa'qa' water treatment plant. This highly complex modernization project included excavation, construction and electrical and mechanical work to install and operationalize the filtering system. The plant serves 300 primary and secondary schools, the main hospital and four primary health care centres.

Completed in 2021, this project will provide access to clean water for over 450,000 people.

Expanding access to clean drinking water for nearly 900,000 people in Venezuela

Although Venezuela ranks as one of the world's top 15 countries in renewable freshwater resources, the ongoing economic crisis has severely disrupted continuous access to clean water and basic sanitation for nearly 8 out of 10 Venezuelans. Even with government price controls, a bottle of water costs around US$3. But with minimum wage at approximately US$8 per month, clean drinking water is out of reach for many.

In a 2020 project funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), UNICEF coordinated multiple stakeholders - including the Ministry of Water, the Hidrolago water authority, local community leaders and private sector companies - to work together towards improving access to clean drinking water for some of the 867,965 people (approximately 300,000 of whom are under 19 years old).

This large-scale project, valued at over US$39 million, involved rehabilitation of the Wüimpala water treatment plant in Zulia State (see video below). The production capacity and water quality of the treatment plant had significantly deteriorated over recent years. As a result, the water supply to communities was untreated and sometimes intermittent or unavailable for more than a month. UNICEF provided technical expertise in installing an advanced treatment and purification process, including a chlorine dosing system, water filtration valves and flocculation (a water treatment process in which small particles form larger flocs to be removed from the water).

Thanks to this project, the local population worries less about the risks of contaminated water or about spending a sizable portion of their monthly income on clean water.

UNICEF's complex WASH projects work to ensure that all children have access to safe and clean water, even in very challenging circumstances.

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Building access to clean water in support of Sustainable Development Goal 6

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Worldwide, 844 million people lack access to drinking water, and 2.3 billion do not have access to latrines or other basic sanitation facilities. Contaminated water and poor sanitation are among the leading causes of death for children under 5.

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Jonas remembers the memory of war, and the little boy was thirsty for water. In the chapter, the children are playing a game that is about a war. I think that maybe this game was played many generations ago, and it just kept on getting passed down. Jonas is taking his job very seriously, and now Jonas can see color and experience feeling.

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Exasperation - a feeling of intense irritation or annoyance.

Strewn - untidily scattered.

Trudged - walk slowly and with heavy steps, typically because of exhaustion or harsh conditions.

Glum - looking or feeling dejected; morose.

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- Jonas

- Lily

- Mother

- Tanya

- Asher

- Fiona

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1) Will Jonas ever be able to spend time with his friends worry-free again?

I think that Jonas was able to spend time with his friends worry-free again and it was probably just weird for the first little while.

2) Why do they play this war game?

This question was not answered in the book, but if I were to guess I would say that this game probably started many generations ago, and it just got carried on.

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- Today is declared an unscheduled holiday.

- Jonas has not been taking pills for 4 weeks.

- Jonas has been seeing color.

- Jonas and his friends are playing a game of war

- Jonas tries to tell his friends to stop playing the game.

- Jonas wants to go on a walk with Fiona, but he can’t because he has to work.

- Jonas' father says that the twins will be born tomorrow.

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I think Jonas will get caught for not taking the pill. I also think that in the community, the people might be in something like a dome, because in a previous chapter they said they can’t see sun or color. I think that this takes place in the future because Jonas says that this holiday has a tree, presents, and family and that is a modern way to celebrate Christmas. I think that this story takes place in the future.

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Ecstatic - feeling or expressing overwhelming happiness or joyful excitement.

Pervaded - (especially of a smell) spread through and be perceived in every part of.

Wisp - a small thin or twisted bunch, piece, or amount of something.

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- The giver

- Jonas

- Mother

- Father

- Gabriel